• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical utility of the internalization and externalization higher-order scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF), compared with those scales of the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Methods : 43 adolescents with internalizing disorders and 44 adolescents with externalizing disorders and their parents were administered the MMPI-A-RF and K-CBCL each. To verify the difference between the internalization and externalization scales of the MMPI-A-RF and K-CBCL for each group, independent-sample t test was performed. To compare the agreement between the MMPI-A-RF and K-CBCL, correlation analysis was also conducted. Lastly, to identify which scales significantly best predict each of the internalizing and externalizing disorder, logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results : Internalization scales of the MMPI-A-RF and K-CBCL were significantly higher in the internalizing disorder group, and the externalization scales were significantly higher in the externalizing disorder group. The positive correlation was significant only for internalization problems between the two evaluation measures in both groups (each r=0.360, p<0.05, r=0.572, p<0.05). In addition, the scales significantly predicted internalizing and externalizing disorders were the internalization and externalization scales of the MMPI-A-RF, followed by the externalization scale of the K-CBCL (R²=0.407, p<0.05). Conclusions : The internalization and externalization higher-order scales of the MMPI-A-RF were found to reliably reflect the characteristics of each disorder in adolescents and be useful evaluative scales to differentiate disorders. Moreover, if adolescents show externalization problems, additional information from the K-CBCL can be more useful to differentiate disorders.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the degree of Graves' Disease affecting mental health through the results of multiphasic military personality inventory (MPI) in 19-year-old men. Methods : We collected and analyzed the results of the MPI for 592 healthy subjects and 148 Graves' disease patients among the 19-year-old men who visited the Military Manpower Administration from February 2008 to January 2010. Results : Among demographic characteristics, both Graves' disease and control group are 19-year-old men. Educational level, socioeconomic status, parental relationship, and BMI were not statistically different between the two groups (χ²=0.089, p=0.766; χ²=5.090, p=0.278; χ²=5.988, p=0.112 ; t=-0.635, p=0.526). In the MPI, among validity scales, the score of the faking-good subscale was significantly lower in the Graves' group (t=3.507, p<0.001), but in the faking-bad and infrequency subscales scores were not significantly different between two groups (t=-1.700, p=0.090; t=-0.519, p=0.604). Among the neurosis scale, anxiety, depression, somatization, and personality disorder subscale scores were all significantly higher in Graves' disease group (t=-3.323, p<0.001; t=-4.210, p<0.001; t=-6.202, p<0.001; t=-2.872, p<0.01). Among the psychopath scale, each score of schizophrenia and paranoia subscales were not statistically different between the two groups (t=-0.158, p=0.874; t=-0.846, p=0.398). Conclusions : According to MPI result, we can confirm that Graves' disease patients in 19-year-old-men may appear features such as anxiety, depression, somatization and personality tendency (introversion or impulsivity) than the control group.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

Objectives : The study aimed to identify factors associated with suicidal attempt in Korean adults experiencing thoughts of suicide. Methods : This study analyzed outcomes of suicidal behavior in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2015, 2017, and 2019. This survey was administered by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). The suicidal idea group was divided into individuals who had attempted suicide (n=92) and those who had not (n=831). Complex samples crosstabs analysis was conducted to compare the two groups' sociodemographic, psychiatric, and clinical characteristics. In addition, factors related to attempted suicide were investigated using complex samples logistic regression analysis. Results : The attempted suicide group had significantly higher rates of depression, recent psychiatric counseling, and suicidal plan (p<0.001) than the non-attempting group. In addition, the groups differed significantly in the frequency of binge drinking and smoking (p<0.05). Adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of a suicidal plan (Odds ratio [OR]=8.46, 95% Confidential Intervals [CI]=4.72-15.00), daily binge drinking (OR=3.14, 95% CI=1.26-7.84), psychiatric counseling within the past year (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.75-5.23), low income level (OR=2.89, 95% CI=1.17-7.10), and history of depression (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.29-4.42) were significantly associated with suicidal attempt. Conclusions : Factors associated with suicidal attempt among suicidal ideators in the general Korean population were identified across all sociodemographic, psychiatric, and clinical variables. Assessment of and intervention in suicidal plan, binge drinking, income level, and depression might prevent progression to suicidal attempt among those contemplating suicide.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2022

Objectives : A growing body of evidence links type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a neurodegenerative disease (ND) such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between NDs and the development of T2D by comparing the incidence of T2D in a group of various NDs (ND group) and control group. Methods : A population-based 10-year follow-up study was conducted using the Korean National Health Information Database for 2002-2015. We used a retrospective cohort study design to investigate the association of ND with T2D occurrence. The study population included ND (n=8,814) and control (n=37,970) groups, all aged 60 years or over. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the risk of developing T2D as a function of time. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between ND and T2D. Results : T2D was developed in a significantly higher percentage of patients in the ND group (53.6%) than in the control group (44.7%). The ND group increased the risk of T2D (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.38-1.47). About one-third of patients in both groups were additionally diagnosed with another ND before the occurrence of T2D during a 10-year follow-up period. When compared to those who did not have another ND during the follow-up period, the incidence of T2D in those who were additionally diagnosed with another ND was higher in both the ND and control groups. Conclusions : The ND group had about 1.4 times higher risk of developing T2D than the control group. Our results showed a positive association between ND and T2D.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2022

Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl. is a rare orchid and has flowers with an attractive fragrance. The present study investigated the tissue culture method for micropropagation. Capsules derived from artificial self-pollination were obtained for the best seed germination in MS basal medium. Plant growth regulators (1.0 mg·L^-1 of BAP and 2.0 mg·L^-1 of NAA) were affected by callus induction from subcultured pseudobulb explants. For the callus subculture, different natural plant extracts were tested in 11 treatment media. Among them, MS medium with 150 mL·L^-1 of coconut water was generally effective in fresh weight (1.75 ± 0.08) and (3.01 ± 0.20) of callus proliferation and PLBs induction at 1 and 2 months, respectively, followed by an MS combination of 30 g·L^-1 of banana and 20 g·L^-1 of potato extract. The results of a comparative study of different MS mediums containing plant growth regulators with a natural extract combination and MS medium supplemented with natural extract only showed that MS medium supplemented with a combination of natural extracts (150 mL·L^-1 of coconut water) and plant growth regulators (2.0 mg·L^-1 of BAP and 1.0 mg·L^-1 of NAA) obtained the highest shoot regeneration (3.37 ± 0.17) and (6.41 ± 0.68) after 1 month and 2 months of culturing, respectively.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2021

Objectives: Our study aims to investigate the clinical and polysomnographic variables associated with subjective sleep perception. Methods: Among the patients who underwent nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) at the Center for Sleep and Chronobiology of Seoul National University Hospital from May 2018 to July 2019, 109 diagnosed with insomnia disorder based on DSM-5 were recruited for the study, and their medical records were retrospectively analyzed. Self-report questionnaires about clinical characteristics including Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were completed. Subjective sleep quality was measured using variables of subjective total sleep time (subjective TST), subjective sleep onset latency (subjective SOL), subjective number of awakenings, morning feeling after awakening, and sleep discrepancy (subjective TST-objective TST) the morning after PSG. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to determine the factors associated with subjective sleep perception. Results: In patients with insomnia, subjective TST was negatively correlated with Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) (p = 0.001) and N1 sleep (p = 0.039) parameters on polysomnography. Also, it was negatively correlated with PSQI (p < 0.001) and BDI (p = 0.014) scores. Sleep discrepancy was negatively correlated with PSQI score (p = 0.018). Morning feeling was negatively correlated with PSQI (p = 0.019) and BDI (p < 0.001) scores. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that subjective sleep perception is associated with PSG variables (WASO and N1 sleep) and with PSQI and BDI scores. In clinical practice, it is helpful to assess and manage insomnia patients in consideration of objective sleep variables, subjective sleep quality, and depressed mood, which can influence subjective sleep perception.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2021

Objectives: When elderly patients show depressive symptoms, discrimination between depressive disorder and prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease is important. We tested whether a quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) marker was associated with cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in older adults with depression. Methods: Non-demented older individuals (≥ 55years) diagnosed with depression were included in the analyses (n = 63; 76.2% female; mean age ± standard deviation 73.7 ± 6.87 years). The participants were divided into Aβ+ (n = 32) and Aβ- (n = 31) groups based on amyloid PET assessment. EEG was recorded during the 7min eye-closed (EC) phase and 3min eye-open (EO) phase, and all EEG data were analyzed using Fourier transform spectral analysis. We tested interaction effects among Aβ positivity, condition (EC vs. EO), laterality (left, midline, or right), and polarity (frontal, central, or posterior) for EEG alpha band power. Then, the EC-to-EO alpha reactivity index (ARI) was examined as a neurophysiological marker for predicting Aβ+ in depressed older adults. Results: The mean power spectral density of the alpha band in EO phase showed a significant difference between the Aβ+ and Aβ- groups (F = 6.258, p = 0.015). A significant 3-way interaction was observed among Aβ positivity, condition, and laterality on alpha-band power after adjusting for age, sex, educational years, global cognitive function, medication use, and white matter hyperintensities on MRI (F = 3.720, p = 0.030). However, post-hoc analyses showed no significant difference in ARI according to Aβ status in any regions of interest. Conclusion: Among older adults with depression, increased power in EO phase alpha band was associated with Aβ positivity. However, EC-to-EO ARI was not confirmed as a predictor for Aβ+ in depressed older individuals. Future studies with larger samples are needed to confirm our results.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.551-561
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• 2022

Geophysical exploration methods are very useful for generating high-resolution images of underground structures, and such methods can be applied to investigation of buried cultural properties and for determining their exact locations. In this study, image feature extraction and image segmentation methods were applied to automatically distinguish the structures of buried relics from the high-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images obtained at the center of Silla Kingdom, Gyeongju, South Korea. The major purpose for image feature extraction analyses is identifying the circular features from building remains and the linear features from ancient roads and fences. Feature extraction is implemented by applying the Canny edge detection and Hough transform algorithms. We applied the Hough transforms to the edge image resulted from the Canny algorithm in order to determine the locations the target features. However, the Hough transform requires different parameter settings for each survey sector. As for image segmentation, we applied the connected element labeling algorithm and object-based image analysis using Orfeo Toolbox (OTB) in QGIS. The connected components labeled image shows the signals associated with the target buried relics are effectively connected and labeled. However, we often find multiple labels are assigned to a single structure on the given GPR data. Object-based image analysis was conducted by using a Large-Scale Mean-Shift (LSMS) image segmentation. In this analysis, a vector layer containing pixel values for each segmented polygon was estimated first and then used to build a train-validation dataset by assigning the polygons to one class associated with the buried relics and another class for the background field. With the Random Forest Classifier, we find that the polygons on the LSMS image segmentation layer can be successfully classified into the polygons of the buried relics and those of the background. Thus, we propose that these automatic classification methods applied to the GPR images of buried cultural heritage in this study can be useful to obtain consistent analyses results for planning excavation processes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.462-475
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• 2022

Purpose: Allomyrina dichotoma larvae are one of the approved edible insects with nutritional value and various functional and medicinal properties. Previously we have demonstrated that the Allomyrina dichotoma larval extract (ADLE) ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice through the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study investigated the effects of ADLE on insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle and explored mechanisms for enhancing the glucose uptake in palmitate (PAL)-treated C2C12 myotubes. Methods: To induce insulin resistance, the differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with PAL (0.5 mM) for 24 hours, and then treated with a 0.5 mg/ml concentration of ADLE, and the resultant effects were measured. The expression levels of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), AMPK, and the mitochondrial metabolism-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of lipogenesis- related genes were determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Results: The exposure of C2C12 myotubes to 0.5 mg/ml of ADLE increased cell viability significantly compared to PAL-treated cells. ADLE upregulated the protein expression of GLUT4 and enhanced glucose uptake in the PAL-treated cells. ADLE increased the phosphorylated AMPK in both the PAL-treated C2C12 myotubes and HFD-treated skeletal muscle. The reduced expression levels of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC1α) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) due to the PAL and HFD treatment were reversed by the ADLE treatment. The citrate synthase activity was also significantly increased with the PAL and ADLE co-treatment. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of fatty acid synthesis-related factors were reduced in the PAL and HFD-treated muscle cells, and this effect was significantly attenuated by the ADLE treatment. Conclusion: ADLE activates AMPK, which in turn induces mitochondrial metabolism and reduces fatty acid synthesis in C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, ADLE could be useful for preventing or treating insulin resistance of skeletal muscles in diabetes.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.17-58
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• 2004

뉴저지주 보건교육/건강 증진정책을 논하기전에 건강증진과 보건 교육사의 뜻을 먼저 기술하기로 한다. 건강증진이란 일상 사회생활과 행동과학의 응용에서 시작하며 교육의 효율적 작전 및 기술, 질병 역학 조사, 개인 및 가족단위 건강 위해 행위 절감, 사회연관 구축망 조성, 그리고 적게는 이웃, 더 나아가 조직체계 및 지역 사회의 네트웍 실시등을 실시한다. 보건교육 및 건강증진 전문가란 ' 전국 보건교육 인증 위원회(NCHEC) ' 에서 채택된 다음 7개 활동 영역에서 개인적, 그룹, 각주단위, 그리고 범 국가적 조직에서 종사하는자로 한다. 개인 및 지역사회 보건 교육 필요성 분석- 계회, 실행, 효율성 평가, 사업 진행 조정, 자문, 컴뮤니케이션 등의 활동범위를 들 수 있다. 공인 보건 교육사(CHES)란 대학 및 대학원에서 보건 교육학 소정의 필수 과목을 이수하고 학.석사 소지자로서 ' 전국 보건 교육 인증 위원회 ' 에서 그 자격을 인정 받고 공인 자격 시험에 합격한자로 한다. 합격자는 자기 성명뒤에 CHES란 칭호를 부치며 매 5년마다 75단위이상 인정된 전문 직업 보수 교육을 받아야 한다. 보건 교육사 고용 분야는 연방, 주, 지방 정부의 보건 교육사(10-15%) 및 건강 증진 전문가로 종사하며; 이들은 지역 사회 조직화, 프로그람 기획, 공공사업 마켓팅, 메디아, 컴뮤니케이션 자질을 갓추어야 하며; 상해 예방, 학교 보건, 지역 사회 영양 실태 향상, 그 외 모든 건강 증진과 질병 예방에 일익을 담당 하여; 의사, 간호사, 약사, 영양사,환경 위생사드의 전문분야종사자들괴 한팀이 되어 지역 사회 보건 사업에 기여한다. 쥬저지 보건 교육사들은 주법령 8조 '||'&'||' 보건행정 표준 시행령 ' 에 따라 포괄적 보건교육/건강증진 프로그램을 개발하여 총체적으로 조절 관장한다. 특희 ' 미국 학술원 의료 연구원 ' 에서 제정한 ' 10대 필수 공중 보건 사업 ' 에 기준을 두고; 1) 개인 및 지역사회 필수 보건 여건 분석 평가, 2) 보건 교육 이론에 따른 사업 계획 설정, 3) 교육 전략과 보건문제 발굴에 따라 일반 대중 대상 보건 교육 실행 (프로그람 기획, 연수 교육, 미디어 캠페인, 공중보건 향상책 옹호), 4) 사업 진행 과정 정리, 그 결과에 대한 영향력과 결과 평가, 5) 프로그램진행, 인사 및 예산관리 참여, 6) 근무향상을 위한 보수교육 프로그램 개발, 7) 보건 의료 업무 종사자 상호 협조성 향상 훈련, 8) 지역 사회자원 밭굴, 9) 적절한 고객 의뢰 체제 시행, 10) 위기 관리 컴뮤니케이션 체제 개발실시, 11) 일반 대중에게 공중 보건 향상 고취, 12) 각종 협력 지원금 신청서 작성 제출, 13) 문화/인종적으로 적절한 시청각 교재 발굴, 15) 질적 및 양적 보건교육/건겅증진책 연구 실시, 16) 비 보험 가담자, 저 보험자, 빈곤자, 이민자 색출 선도, 17) 관활 구역내 상재하는 각 건강증진 프로그램 밝혀 내서 불필요한 중복 회피등이다. 그 외에도 보건 교육사들은 사회 복지 단체인 미국 암 협회, 미국 심장 협회,미국 폐장 협회 등 각종 사회 복지 비영리단체 와 자선 사업 단체들과 긴밀희 협조하거나 그 단체 임직원으로서 건강 증진 사업에 종사한다. 병원 및 의료기관에선 임직원 보수 교육, 환자의 질병 예방및 건강증진 교육, 그리고 의료 사업장내 건장 증진업무에 종사한다. 건강 유지 의료 기관(HMO)에선 예방주사, 정기검진 촉진등을 통한 입원일수 절감, 응급실 사용도 절감등으로 의료비 감축, 삶의질 향상상에 종사한다. 사업장 보건 교육사는 스트레스 관리, 금연 및 흡연 중단선도, 체중 절감, 종업원 건강증진 생활화참여 유치, 컴뮤니케이션 개발, 마켓팅, 질병 예방등에 그 전문 직업적 노하우를 사업체 건강 증진 프로그램 개발에 접목한다. 뉴저지 2010년대 건강 증진책은 5대 목표 설정하여 현재 시행하고 있다. 특이한점은 2001년 9.11사태 이후 연방정부와 주정부의 상당한 예산 지원을 그랜트 지원금 형식으로 받아 연방, 주정부, 지방 정부, 의료 기관등에서 일사 불란하게 생물/화학/방사성 테러에 대비하는데 보건 교육사들은 시민 인지도 향상과 위기관리 컴뮤니케이션 영역에서 활약한다. 총체적인 보건 교육/건강 증진책은 다음 천년간 뉴저지 건강증진 백서와 미연방 정부 건강증진 2010에 준하여 설립한 뉴저지 건강 증진 2010 에 의한다. 그 모델을 보면; 1) 생활 습관 향상으로 위해 행위 절제; 적절한 영양 섭취 와 과체중화 차단 불필요한 투약 절제와 그 관리 흡연 탐익 절감, 금연, 흡연관련 신체/정신적 피해 관리/치료 습관성 약물 중독 조기발견 예방 낙상 예방 폭력, 의도적/비의도적 상해 예방 2) 심장질환, 암, 뇌졸중, 당뇨, 폐염, 인프루엔자등 주사망원인 질병 조기 발견 예방 책 마련; 독감.폐렴 예방 주사 실시 3) 보건 교육 대상과 표적 설정 특히 보건사업 참여 동반자 발굴하여 그 동참과 책임분담 책려; 주. 지방 정부기관, 의료 종사자, 의료 보험 업자, 대학 등 교육 기관, 연구 기관, 교육자, 지방 보건소, 지역 사회 비 영리단체, 종교 단체 및 교역자 등의 참여 촉구., 지역 사회 비 영리단체, 종교 단체 및 교역자 등의 참여 촉구.