• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.334-334
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• 2017

Unstable soil moisture conditions often negatively affect the emergence, seedling establishment, and growth uniformity at the initial stage, and then reduce the grain yield and biomass in direct seeding cultivation for rice in rainfed fields. Therefore it is important to develop a technique to increase the rapid and stabilized seedling establishment and improve the uniformity of initial growth after sowing. This study aims to confirm results on seed priming effect of indoor using petri dish experiments can be reproduced in the field using container at Ghana. Twenty-seven rice varieties including of Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud. were used in this study. The experiments using petri dish and container with different soil moisture conditions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were compared. As a result, a significant positive correlation was found between the germination time uniformity in the primed seed of petri dish and emergence time uniformity in the primed seed of container in 10% and 15% soil moisture condition. A significant positive correlation was found between the germination time uniformity in the primed seed of petri dish and plant height in the primed seed of container in 10% soil moisture condition in O. glaberrima. This study concluded that the priming effect in petri dish demonstrate those in container in the field condition of Ghana in 10% and 15% soil moisture condition during seedling stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2017

Unstable soil moisture conditions often negatively affect the emergence, seedling establishment, and growth uniformity at the initial stage, and then reduce the grain yield and biomass in direct seeding cultivation for rice in rainfed fields. Therefore it is important to develop a technique to increase the rapid and stabilized seedling establishment and improve the uniformity of initial growth after sowing. This study aims to confirm results on seed priming effect of indoor using petri dish experiments can be reproduced in the field using container at Ghana. Twenty-seven rice varieties including of Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud. were used in this study. The experiments using petri dish and container with different soil moisture conditions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were compared. As a result, a significant positive correlation was found between the germination time uniformity in the primed seed of petri dish and emergence time uniformity in the primed seed of container in 10% and 15% soil moisture condition. A significant positive correlation was found between the germination time uniformity in the primed seed of petri dish and plant height in the primed seed of container in 10% soil moisture condition in O. glaberrima. This study concluded that the priming effect in petri dish demonstrate those in container in the field condition of Ghana in 10% and 15% soil moisture condition during seedling stage.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.281-295
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• 1999

This paper analyses the effects of the increase of logistics outsourcing on the economy which are largely classified into three parts. The firm level and industry level are two among them which will be summarized below. The another is consumers level. On the fm level, the logistics outsourcing of a manufacturing firm not only helps to increase the efficiency of itself and but also confront the competitive environments by weakening the entry barriers, i.e., the emergence of contestable market. The reasons why the efficiency of the firm enhances are also largely divided into two parts. One is due to the reduction of inventory cost by replacing it by the information cost resulting from internet use. The other is owing to reducing the life cycle of production process by the emergence of virtual enterprises which are located in one point in De process of supply chain management. The weakening of entry barriers is directly affected by the drastic increase of internet users in twofold reasons: one is based on the restricted competitive characteristics due to the long-term transaction relationship between logistics providers and the companies who offer logistics services and the other, due to the weakening of the restriction of space and time. The effect of industry level is due to the transition of traditional to virtual vertical integration system The firms corresponding to a connection point in the process of supply chain management would try to realize both the scale of economy and the scope of economy for strengthening the competitiveness. We indicated above the emergence of contestable market however, it is a short-term phenomenon and result in the oligopoly market due to the entry barriers in the long-run sense.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2016

This study is conducted for analysis of distribution of macrobenthic by using satellite image and in-situ data in the intertidal zone of Suncheon bay. The satellite images on low tide on July 7, 2010 and high tide on Sept. 25, 2010, respectively, are classified into sea water, tidal flat and land. It is to extract for intertidal zone overlaying at low tide and high tide image from previously classified image. Total number of species emergence are 196 species in the intertidal zone, and most species are emergence in the right part of the subtidal zone. The Sigambra tentaculata is the dominant species and emergence the Mediomastus californiensis, Magelona japonica, etc. It is noticed that many kind of macrobenthic distribution in the subtidal zone more than the supralittoral zone. It find out that contamination due to organic through the macrobenthic distribution with a strong resistance to organic in the subtidal zone of Suncheon Bay.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2001

$GA_3$ treatments for seeds of Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo were evaluated as a means of improving the percent germination, and the interactions of $GA_3$, mulching, and sowing depth on seedling emergence were investigated in late sowing. Percentage germination of seeds treated with different concentration of $GA_3$ was the most effective in 100 ppm treatment for 24 hours. The germinability according to the seeds soaking time was not significantly different over 12 hours in 100 ppm $GA_3$. At high temperature $(25^{\circ}C\;and\;30^{\circ}C)$, percentage germination was significantly increased in 100 ppm ${GA_3}$ treatment. In late sowing (1th or 15th May), seedling emergence was significantly higher in 100 ppm $GA_3$ treatment than nontreatment, and that was significantly increased when the seeds treated with 100 ppm $GA_3$ were mulched with 10 mm rice hull after molding with 5 mm soil depth.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.431-436
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• 1994

The objective of experiment was to investigate the effects of sowing dates on forage yield and growth characteristics of rye in paddy field cultivation in midwest region of Korea. The field experiment treated with 5 levels of sowing dates was carried out at Yesan from october 1990 to june 1991. The field emergence rate and winter survival rate were decreased with delay in sowing dates by the days from sowing to emergence were took a long period of time. The crop growth rate were increased with early in sowing date. The fresh and dry weight of rye were increased with early in sowing date, but there was no significant differences between sowing date from Oct. 5 to Oct. 25. The highest fresh yield was obtained at flowering stage and the highest dry yield was obtained at milky stage. The ratio of leaf blade and leaf sheath in rye plant were decreased with earlier sowing date and delayed harvest, but the ratio of stem and inflorescence was vice versa.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the phytotoxic effects of 19 essential oils on seed germination and initial growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). We found that anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lemongrass, mustard and pine oils completely inhibited germination of rapeseed at $100{\times}$ dilute solution. Based on the inhibition rates of rapeseed emergence and initial growth, three essential oils (cinnamon, clove, and geranium) were selected as potential bio-herbicides. Under pre-emergence applications of cinnamon, clove, and geranium oils at 90 kg ai $ha^{-1}$, rates of rapeseed emergence were 7.1, 25.0, and 3.6% and its initial growth were 22.0, 9.9 and 11.0%, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2012

Diseases caused by begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) constitute a serious constraint to tropical and sub-tropical agro-ecosystems worldwide. In recent years, they have also introduced in temperate regions of the world where they have great impact and are posing a serious threat to a variety of greenhouse crops. Begomoviral diseases can in extreme cases reduce yields to zero leading to catastrophic losses in agriculture. They are still evolving and pose a serious threat to sustainable agriculture across the world, particularly in tropics and sub-tropics. Till recently, there have been no records on the occurrence of begomoviral disease in South Korea, however, the etiology of other plant viral diseases are known since last century. The first begomovirus infected sample was collected from sweet potato plant in 2003 and since then there has been gradual increase in the begomoviral epidemics specially in tomato and sweet potato crops. So far, 48 begomovirus sequences originating from various plant species have been submitted in public sequence data base from different parts of the country. The rapid emergence of begomoviral epidemics might be with some of the factors like evolution of new variants of the viruses, appearance of efficient vectors, changing cropping systems, introduction of susceptible plant varieties, increase in global trade in agricultural products, intercontinental transportation networks, and changes in global climatic conditions. Another concern might be the emergence of a begomovirus complex and satellite DNA molecules. Thorough understanding of the pathosystems is needed for the designing of effective managements. Efforts should also be made towards the integration of the resistant genes for the development of transgenic plants specially tomato and sweet potato as they have been found to be widely infected in South Korea. There should be efficient surveillance for emergence or incursions of other begomoviruses and biotypes of whitefly. This review discusses the general characteristics of begomoviruses, transmission by their vector B. tabaci with an especial emphasis on the occurrence and distribution of begomoviruses in South Korea, and control measures that must be addressed in order to develop more sustainable management strategies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the germination characteristics of Korean red rice seeds. Ten lines of the long grain and ten lines of the short grain Korean red rices were tested for dormancy, shoot emergence rate at different water and soil depth. Both the long and short grain type seeds of Korean red rice germinated over than 99% immediately after harvest, so that no dormancy was observed in the Korean red rices. Shoot emergence rate of the long grain red rices at 7cm of water depth and that of the short grain red rices at 11cm were 83.3% and 83.5% respectively, while those of the indica check Samgangbyeo and japonica check Seomjinbyeo were 0%. Shoot emergence rates of the long and short grain red rices at 7cm of soil depth were 71.1% and 73.9% respectively, while those of the check varieties Samgangbyeo and Seomjinbyeo were 40.0% and 28.0% respectively. Thus, the Korean red rices were expected to be useful germplasm source for direct seeding.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2002

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the variability of seed germination, and seedling growth of PEG priming barley. The average germination percentage(AGP) of PEG priming seed was higher than control, but those were low with extend the treatment period. The AGP of washing seed after PEG priming was higher than unwashed seed, and that of redried seed after priming was lower than control. The germination time of priming seed was short compare to control seed, and that was prolonged with extend the priming period, and that of washing seed after priming was shortening, and that of redried seed after priming was prolonging. The emergence percentage(EP) of priming seed was higher than control, and the emergence time was shortest in 50％ field moisture capacity soil. The seedling and root length of priming seed was shorter than control.