• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.118-129
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• 2003

Objective : To learn the distributional characteristics of Sasang constitutions, Methods : We statistically analyzed those 1338 patients who had been treated at Iksan Wonkwang Oriental Medicine during the period of three years from 2000 to 2002. The data were obtained through the electronic chart developed by Kim Jong- Yeol, and analyzed using the statistical Package SPSS. Results : The distributional ratio of Soeumin : Soyangin : Taeumin was 22.8 : 29.2 : 47.8. Thus the hypothesis : 'the distributional ratio of Soeumin : Soyangin : Taeumin is 2 : 3 : 5' was barely rejected by $x^2$ test for goodness-of-fit at the significance level of 5 %. When $x^2$ test for homogeneity was applied, the distributional characteristics between women and men were different and the distributional characteristics among several age groups were different under significance level of 5%. Conclusion : Though the hypothesis: 'the distributional ratio of Soeumin : Soyangin : Taeumin is 2 : 3 : 5' was rejected by $x^2$ test at the significance level of 5%, the observed distributional ratio was not so far away from the hypothesis.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.65-72
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• 2002

This study estimates steel house shear wall's seismic performance depending on trend of seismic design. As a result at cyclic-test, the capability of energy dissipation about X1SPCH during this test is good enough. The capability of energy dissipation of X3SPCH and X4SPCH was better than that of X1SPCH. The X2SPCH which is similar to real X-braced shear wall has better seismic performance than shear wall braced with structural sheathing materials on pseudo-dynamic test.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2011

The introduction of a diesel engine into the passenger car and light duty applications in the United States involves significant technical challenges for the automotive makers. This paper describes the SCR System optimization procedure for such a diesel engine application to meet Tier2 Bin5 emission regulation. A urea SCR system, a representative $NO_x$ reduction after-treatment technique, is applied to a 3.0 liter diesel engine. To achieve the maximum $NO_x$ reduction performance, the exhaust system layout was optimized using series of the computational fluid dynamics and the urea distribution uniformity test. Furthermore a comprehensive simulation model for the key factors influencing $NO_x$ reduction performance was developed and embedded in the Simulink/Matlab environment. This model was then applied to the urea SCR system and played a key role to shorten the time needed for SCR control parameter calibration. The potential of a urea SCR system for reducing diesel $NO_x$ emission is shown for FTP75 and US06 emission standard test cycle.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.52.3-52.3
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• 2021

Timing analysis에서 pulsar 또는 magnetar의 pulsation 측정은 background 또는 주변의 다른 source의 영향으로 매우 세밀하게 측정을 진행해야 할 수 있다. 하지만 gamma-ray 영역에서는 instrument의 낮은 imaging resolution으로 인해 likeihood 분석법을 사용하며, pulsation측정의 sensitivity를 향상시키기 위해 weighted H-test를 적용하고 있다. weighted H-test는 Instrument의 responses와 source, background의 radiational properties를 이용하여 각 photon의 probability를 계산하고 이를 weight하여 pulsation detection의 sensitivity를 향상시키는 방법으로 이번 연구를 통해 이를 X-ray에서 적용할 수 있도록 확장하였다. 이번 발표에서는 X-ray 데이터 중 상대적으로 낮은 imaging resolution을 갖는 XMM-Newton data에 weighted H-test를 적용하여 기존의 H-test와의 차이를 비교해보고, weighted H-test가 갖는 이점에 대하여 논의하고자 한다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1989

In order to estimate field seedling emergence and grain yield by the information collected from various laboratory seed vigor tests, each two malting and naked barley cultivar seeds were artificially aged according to the standard aging treatment suggested by the Association of Official Seed Analysts. The seed vigor tests adopted were warm- and cold-germination test, tetrazolium vigor test and electrocon. ductivity test. Field emergence of malting barley (Y) was estimated by Y=-2.962+0.229X$_1$ (% warm germination) -0.001X$_2$ (vigor of warm germination test: WGT) +0.354X$_3$ (vigor of cold germination test: CT) -0.558X$_4$ (% cold germination). The multiple correlation coefficient indicated that % warm germination. was contributed 64 % of the variation in seedling emergence rate of malting barley. The vigor of warm and cold germination tests, and % cold germination contributed additional 4, 7, and 9%, respectively, upon addition of the variables into regression. For naked barley, the regression equation of emergence rate was less efficient(R$^2$=54%) than that of malting barley(R$^2$=84%). A model to predict grain yield by the results of various seed vigor tests was not evaluated for both malting and naked barlev.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2014

Seed viability testing provides valuable information for assessing seed lot germinability. However, most testing methods require destruction of seed prior to test. Because the dissected seeds for viability test cannot be used further evaluation, the nondestructively X-ray photography technique that can be applied for the evaluation of seed quality has been developed. In order to know the validity and accuracy of X-ray photography technique in seed evaluation test that conducted to remove the abnormal seed from a seed lot, we have compared the results from tetrazolium viability test, germination test and X-ray contrast method in cotton. Metallic salts treatment increased the efficiency of X-ray photographic method by enhancing the penetration of X-ray in abnormal or damaged seeds rather than normal seeds that have strong and well-organized tissues in seed. Cotton seeds presoaked for 16 hr in distilled water followed by soaking into metallic salt solution (5% NaI in water) for 60 min were easily classified seeds into dead seed and viable seed based on the radiography images obtained by X-ray radiation. We concluded that soft X-ray photography was reliable to find out the various defective characters due to heat and mechanical damage of seeds.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2008

Purpose: As the demand of a simple and precise method increases to evaluate the performance of the inverter type x-ray unit, we evaluated the usefulness of the recently-introduced X-ray Multi-Function Test Device (moldel : Xi (unfors)-prestige). Method: We compared the performance of X-ray Multi-Function Test Device (XMFTD) which is non-inveasive type device with the performance of Dynalyzer III that has been most widely used inveasive type measure device. Result: X-ray output dose was increased a little in the XMFTD, but both devices were below the performance evaluation standard, 0.002 in the output reproducibility. Linearity of XMFTD were below 0.1 which means that Dynalyzer III showed more excellency in linearity. As the the accuracy of exposure factor, 1.8 and 2 tube voltage, 2.01 and 2.3 tube current were measured. The exposure time was also measured by 0.01 sec ${\pm}10%$. Both devices were within the acceptance of performance evaluatioin standard. Conclusion: We proved the usefulness of X-ray Multi-Function Test Device (model: Xi (unfors)-prestige) to evaluated the performance on reproductibility and linearity of X-ray output and accuracy of exposure factor of inverter type unit.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.907-917
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• 2011

This study investigated the application of experimental design methodology to optimization of conditions of air-plasma and oxygen-plasma oxidation of N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO). The reactions of RNO degradation were described as a function of the parameters of voltage ($X_1$), gas flow rate ($X_2$) and initial RNO concentration ($X_3$) and modeled by the use of the central composite design. In pre-test, RNO degradation of the oxygen-plasma was higher than that of the air-plasma though low voltage and gas flow rate. The application of response surface methodology (RSM) yielded the following regression equation, which is an empirical relationship between the RNO removal efficiency and test variables in a coded unit: RNO removal efficiency (%) = $86.06\;+\;5.00X_1\;+\;14.19X_2\;-\;8.08X_3\;+\;3.63X_1X_2\;-\;7.66X_2^2$ (air-plasma); RNO removal efficiency (%) = $88.06\;+\;4.18X_1\;+\;2.25X_2\;-\;4.91X_3\;+\;2.35X_1X_3\;+\;2.66X_1^2\;+\;1.72X_3^2$ (oxygen-plasma). In analysis of the main effect, air flow rate and initial RNO concentration were most important factor on RNO degradation in air-plasma and oxygen-plasma, respectively. Optimized conditions under specified range were obtained for the highest desirability at voltage 152.37 V, 135.49 V voltage and 5.79 L/min, 2.82 L/min gas flow rate and 25.65 mg/L, 34.94 mg/L initial RNO concentration for air-plasma and oxygen-plasma, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.410-420
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of abdominal massage, on abdominal bloating and the recovery of bowel movement after sleep colonoscopy. The study design is the time difference before and after the non-equality control. The subjects were 22 patients each in experimental group and control group who recieved sleep colonoscopy at the G hospital in C city, The data collection period was from June 1, 2018 to August 25, 2018, and the control group's data were first collected with time difference from the collection of experimental group's data to prevent the spread of the experiment. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 24.0 and tested by independent sample t-test, $x^2-test$ and Fisher's exact probability test to verify the homogeneity of general characteristics of the subjects. Shapiro-Wilk was used to verify the normality of the abdominal circumference changes in the experimental and control groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used to verify the pre-homogeneity of the abdominal circumference of the subjects. The experimental results were verified by Fisher's exact probability test, Friedman test and Mann-Whitney U test. These results suggest that the abdominal massage can be used as a nursing intervention after sleep colonoscopy by reducing the gas discharge time($x^2=19.75$, p<.001) and abdominal bloating($x^2=29.93$, p<.001).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1975

To elucidate the dependability of seed variability determination by tetrazolium, 15 tree species were checked. For the comparison of potential germinability for these tree seeds, x-ray photography and routine germination test in a incubator were implemented. Though there were considerable differences of seed variability in percentage between germination test and tetrazolium test, the judgement by tetrazolium test and x-ray test gave similar results. These findings indicated that tetrazolium test is a reliable method if treated and inferred properly. Solution of 0.25 percent tetrazolium could give a complete colour reaction as well as 0.50 percent solution.