• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.347-347
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• 2017

This study is performed to investigate the optimal cropping systems to allow cultivation of upland crops to the paddy rice land. This experiment was conducted at Anseong-si Gyeonggi province of Korea in 2015. In order to investigate growth and yield characteristics of foxtail millet, proso millet and sorghum by different paddy-upland rotation systems, three crops foxtail millet, proso millet and sorghum with four varieties of Samdachal, Samdamae, Kyeongkwan1, Hwanggeumjo in foxtail millet, Leebaekchal, Manhongchal, Hwangsilchal, Hwanggeumgijang in proso millet and Nampungchal, Moktaksusu, Aneunbangisusu, Hwanggeumchal in sorghum were examined. Four paddy-upland rotation systems of paddy-upland rotation, paddy-upland-upland rotation, paddy-upland-upland-upland rotation, and upland-paddy-upland rotation system were tested. Days from seeding to heading and ripening of foxtail millet was the shortest in the paddy-upland-upland-upland rotation system, but proso millet and sorghum did not show statistical difference among four rotation systems. In the average of culm length, paddy-upland-upland-upland rotation system showed the highest culm length in foxtail millet (141.5cm), proso millet (159.6cm) and sorghum (138.6cm) respectively among four paddy-upland rotation systems. In average yield per 10a, foxtail millet and proso millet showed the highest each 234.3kg/10a, 176.2kg/10a in paddy-upland-upland-upland rotation system, whereas sorghum was the highest 221.2kg/10a in paddy-upland-upland rotation system. The most suitable crop and varieties in paddy-upland rotation system was judged to be sorghum among three crops and suitable varieties were Samdachal in foxtail millet, Leebaekchal in proso millet and Nampungchal in sorghum respectively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.144-147
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• 2011

The main nutritional problem of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor${\times}$Sorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional com silage in moisture content. However organic sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control com silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage of total organic acid (L/T) of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 1999

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of conditioning (conventional vs expander) corn- and sorghum-based diets on production traits for lactating sows and finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, one hundred sixty-eight sows (parity 1-4, PIC line C15) were fed the corn or sorghum grain diets as a meal, standard (steam) conditioned pellets, or expanded pellets to give a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments. Pellet durability index (PDD was similar for the sorghum- vs corn-based diets, but increased when diets were expanded pellets for both corn- and sorghum-based diets. The corn-based meal diet supported 3.3% greater litter weight gain than the sorghum-based meal diet (44.0 kg vs 42.8 kg). However, the advantage for the corn-based diet disappeared with expander processing (ie., sows fed the sorghum-based diet responded more to diets processed with the alternative processing technology). Sow weight change during lactation was similar (p>0.15) among treatments, although average daily feed intake tended to be greater (p<0.09) for the sows fed sorghum. For Exp. 2, a total of 71 barrows (average initial weight of 58.0 kg) were used in a growth assay to determine the effects of feeding com- and sorghum-based diets, as meal or pellets, after processing with a conventional steam conditioner or an expander (high-shear) conditioner. PDI was not different for the sorghum- vs corn-based diets, but increased from 84 to 95% with expander conditioning compared to conventional steam conditioning. Rate and efficiency of gain, and carcass leanness were similar for pigs fed sorghum and corn (p>0.15). Efficiency of gain was greater (p<0.04) for pigs fed the pelleted (356 g/kg) diets compared to those given the meal (348 g/kg) diets. However, efficiencies of gain were similar (p>0.11) for pigs fed the conventional- and expander-conditioned diets. Pelleting increased (p<0.01) the incidence and severity of stomach lesions regardless of grain type. In conclusion, corn-based meal diet resulted in a greater litter weight gain than the sorghum-based meal diet. However, that advantage disappeared when the diets were expanded and pelleted. Finishing pigs fed pelleted diets were more efficient than those fed meal diets.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.473-478
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• 2012

This study was investigated the quality characteristics of muffins which were prepared with whole waxy sorghum flours. Muffins were made with different sorghum flour contents of 10, 30, 50 and 100% substitution for wheat flour. The crude protein and fat contents of muffins were not different among samples, but the crude ash content was determined to increase with increasing content of sorghum flour. The specific gravity of the sorghum muffin batter as well as the weight and uniformity index of the sorghum muffins, were not significantly different from those of the control. The volume of muffins was found to decrease significantly when 100% sorghum flour was substituted for wheat flour. In terms of color, the L and b values of muffins were decreased with increasing contents of sorghum flour, and the a value was increased. The sensory test revealed that the hardness and adhesiveness of muffins was increased with the addition of sorghum flour, but springiness and chewiness decreased. According to the results of a sensory evaluation test, the flavor, taste and texture of muffins were reduced with the addition of 50 and 100% sorghum flour. The appearance and overall acceptability of sorghum muffins were not found to be different significantly from those of the control, up to 30% level substitution with sorghum flour.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.461-470
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• 2023

Objective: Sweet sorghum is an important forage crop for ruminants, especially in low rainfall areas. Grapeseeds are an abundant by-product of wine-making and contain bioactive substances that can improve the antioxidant capacity of meat. We examined the effect of sweet sorghum forage with supplementary grapeseeds on carcass and meat quality in lambs. Methods: Twenty-eight Small-tailed Han lambs (body weight = 19.1±1.20 kg), aged 3 to 4 months, were penned, and fed individually. The lambs were divided into four groups (n = 7 each) and were offered one of four diets: i) sweet sorghum silage; ii) sweet sorghum silage + grapeseeds; iii) sweet sorghum hay; and iv) sweet sorghum hay + grapeseeds. The grapeseeds were added to the concentrate at 6% DM and the diets were fed for 100 d. Results: Sweet sorghum silage tended (p = 0.068) to increase hot carcass weight, while grapeseeds tended (p = 0.081) to decrease dressing percentage without affecting other carcass parameters. Lambs consuming supplementary grapeseeds increased (p<0.05) meat redness and tended to decrease (p = 0.075) concentration of methionine in meat. Lambs consuming sweet sorghum silage increased (p<0.001) water content of the meat and had a lower (p<0.05) concentration of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio than lambs consuming sweet sorghum hay. Saturated fatty acids content in meat was lowest (p<0.05) in lambs consuming sweet sorghum silage with grapeseeds. Lambs with supplementary grapeseeds tended (p<0.10) to increase eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and have a lower thrombogenic index than lambs not consuming grapeseeds. Conclusion: It was concluded that sweet sorghum with supplementary grapeseeds fed to lambs; i) improved the color of the meat to be more appetizing to the consumer; ii) tended to improve the fatty acids composition of the meat; and iii) lowered thrombogenic index of the meat.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.242-246
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• 1999

Gloeocercospora sorghi caused the zonate leaf spot on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) in fields in Korea. The zonate spots were conspicuous on sorghum leaves as circular, reddish purple bands alternating with tan or straw-colored areas, which formed a coarsely zonate pattern. The lesions often occurred in semicircular patterns along the margin of leaves. The fungus produced sporodochia on the surface of infected leaves in a moist chamber. The conidia, born in a pinkish to salmon-colored slimy matrix, were hyaline, elongate to filiform, straight or slightly curved, 3- to 17-septate, and of variable lenght (28-197 x 1.6-$3.4\mu\textrm{m}$). G. sorghi isolated from diseased leaves of sorghum caused characteristic reddish-brown water-soaked leaf spots when inoculated to seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 1994

These experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Sorghum allelopathic substances on the callus growh of several weeds and crops. 1. When substances extracted from allelopathic Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.) were treated on medium, growth of callus of several weeds and crops were in-hibited. The degree of inhibition differed depending on the genotypes, ranging from 50 to 90% com-pared with that of control. 2. The extracts of above 5% Sorghum inhibited the callus growth of Che-nopodium albun L., Commelina communis L., and .Ammaranthus retroflexus L.and showed in-hibition rate of above 70% in callus growth. These results indicate that we could investigate theallelopaihy effect by using in vitro system. 3. The suitable explant for callus induction fromallelopathic plants was immature embryos, the callus induction rate differed depending on the geno-type, growth regulators and concentrations. In general, the addition of 2, 4-D and NAA onto medium increased the rate and amount of callus.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.206-218
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• 2011

The seed-borne mycoflora of sorghum and foxtail millet collected from different growing areas in South Korea were isolated and taxonomically identified using dry inspection, standard blotter and the agar plate method. We investigated the in vitro and in vitro germination rates of disinfected and non-disinfected seeds of sorghum and foxtail millet using sterilized and unsterilized soil. The percent recovery of seed-borne mycoflora from the seed components of sorghum and foxtail millet seeds was determined and an infection experiment using the dominant species was evaluated for seedling emergence and mortality. A higher number of seed-borne fungi was observed in sorghum compared to that of foxtail millet. Eighteen fungal genera with 34 fungal species were identified from the seeds of sorghum and 13 genera with 22 species were identified from the seeds of foxtail millet. Five dominant species such as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme and Phoma sp. were recorded as seed-borne mycoflora in sorghum and 4 dominant species (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme) were observed in foxtail millet. The in vitro and in vitro germination rates were higher using disinfected seeds and sterilized soil. More seed-borne fungi were recovered from the pericarp compared to the endosperm and seed embryo. The percent recovery of seed-borne fungi ranged from 2.22% to 60.0%, and Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata and 4 species of Fusarium were isolated from the endosperm and embryo of sorghum and foxtail millet. Inoculation of the dominant seed-borne fungi showed considerable mortality of seedlings. All the transmitted seed-borne fungi might well be a primary source of infection of sorghum and foxtail millet crops.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.13-25
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• 2018

Appropriate water level is the primary factor for the optimal yield of crop plants. The required water level varies according to the variety of the crops. In the present study, we investigated the optimum requirement of groundwater level(GWL) to grow sorghum and adzuki bean under paddy field soil. Here, we cultivated sorghum and adzuki bean using lysimeter filled with paddy soil under GWL 0 cm(NT) and GWL(20, 40 cm) where GWL 20 cm is maintained as a waterlogging condition. The plant growth promoting attributes were measured on the first day after treatment(0 DAT), 10 DAT and 20 DAT. The results showed that the growth parameter such as shoot length, leaf length, leaf width, and stem thickness of both sorghum and adzuki bean were constantly increased and were found higher at GWL 40 cm(except stem thickness and leaf width in sorghum at 20 DAT). The physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were also found higher at GWL 40 cm in all DAT. In addition, the elements like P and K contents in adzuki bean, and Ca content in sorghum were constantly increased and was found higher in GWL 40 cm at all DAT. These results suggest that the GWL of 40 cm is appropriate for production of sorghum and adzuki bean especially in case of paddy soil.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2021

This study analyzed the quality characteristics of Soksungjang combined with sorghum koji, according to the amount of sorghum added and the length of the fermentation period. The moisture content of Soksungjang was the lowest in the control group when there was no sorghum koji added, but gradually increased as the amount of added sorghum koji increased. The reduction in the sugar content of sorghum Soksungjang did not change according to the fermentation period of the control group, but increased alongside the fermentation period when sorghum koji was added to Soksungjang. The amino nitrogen content increased from 67.20-80.73 mg% from the beginning of the fermentation period to 173.13-383.60 mg% at the end of the fermentation period, and the total polyphenol content increased from 260.25-351.28 mg% from the beginning of the fermentation period to 567.28 mg%-674.93 mg% to the end of the fermentation period. DPPH radical scavenging activity also increased as the fermentation period elapsed, and ABTS radical scavenging activity increased and then decreased slightly over the fermentation period. The antioxidant activity was the highest in the Soksungjang mixture with a 10% concentration of sorghum koji.