• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.68-72
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• 1991

In this study, to improve temperature stability 0.05 Pb(Sn$\_$$\frac{1}{2}$/Sb$\_$$\frac{1}{2}$/O$_3$ - 0.35PbTiO$_3$ - 0.60PbZrO$_3$ + 0.4[wt%]MnO$_2$ piezoelctric oeramics of low dielectric constant and large mechanical quality factor were manufactured with the addition of Cr$_2$O$_3$by Hot Press method. And the SAW delay line was fabricated and the propagation characteristics of SAW was investigated, and the SAW filter was fabricated on C4 added by 0.2[wt%] Cr$_2$O$_3$and its frequency characteristics was investigated. The specimen, whose propagation characteristics of surface acoustic wave were the best, was C4 added by 0.2[wt%] Cr$_2$O$_3$, and its electromechanical coupling factor(ks$^2$) was 3.11[%] and its temperature coefficient of the center frequency (C$\_$fo/) was -21.27[ppm/$^{\circ}C$]. The 31[MHz] SAW IF filter of C4 scarcely had diffraction phenomena and its group delay time was 1.4673 ${\pm}$40[ns] in the pass band, and the insertion loss was -24.419[dB] on no impedance matching.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, and mutations in the BRCA1 gene produce increased susceptibility to these malignancies in certain families. In this study, the forward 1-13 exons of breast cancer associated gene BRCA1 were cloned from breast cancer cell line ZR-75-30 by RT-PCR method. Sequence analysis showed that nine BRCA1 splice forms were isolated and characterized, compared with wild-type BRCA1 gene, five splice forms of which were novel. These splice isoforms were produced from the molecular mechanism of 5' and 3' alternative splicing. All these splice forms deleting exon 11b and the locations of alternative splicing were focused on two parts:one was exons 2 and 3, and the other was exons 9 and 10. These splice forms accorded with GT-AG rule. Most these BRCA1 splice variants still kept the original reading frame. Western blot analysis indicated that some BRCA1 splice variants were expressed in ZR-75-30 cell line at the protein level. In addition, we confirmed the presence of these new transcripts of BRCA1 gene in MDA-MB-435S, K562, Hela, HLA, HIC, H9, Jurkat and human fetus samples by RT-PCR analysis. These results suggested that breast cancer associated gene BRCA1 may have unexpectedly a large number of splice variants. We hypothesized that alternative splicing of BRCA1 possibly plays a major role in the tumorigenesis of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Thus, the identification of cancer-specific splice forms will provide a novel source for the discovery of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and tumor antigens suitable as targets for therapeutic intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 2013

The relationship between composition and properties of enamel glass was investigated by introducing a mixture design. The enamel glass was manufactured by mixing various components under the following constraints: $45{\leq}SiO_2{\leq}55$, $10{\leq}B_2O_3{\leq}18$, $6{\leq}Na_2O{\leq}15$, $1{\leq}Li_2O{\leq}6$, $5{\leq}K_2O{\leq}10$, $0{\leq}TiO_2{\leq}8$, $0{\leq}ZrO_2{\leq}8$, 13.3MO (mol %). A mathematical model for the calculation of some properties of enamel glasses as a function of their composition was developed by the experimental statistical method. The results showed that the proposed model with the experimental measurement were in good agreement and the mixture experimental design was an effective method for optimizing the composition of the enamel glass with respect to its properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.330-330
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• 2010

이동통신 시스템의 소형화, 경량화, 다기능화 추세에 따라 이동통신 부품도 단위 부피당 소자의 집적도를 증가시키기 위하여 고집적화 추세로 급진전되고 있다. 이에 따라 세라믹 공정 기술도 고집적 추세로 다층화 되고 있어 수동소자의 내장화에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 이를 위하여 다양한 유전율 대역의 이종소재간 접합을 시도하지만 de-lamination, 내부 crack 등의 결함들이 발생하므로 열팽창계수 조절이 용이한 동종의 글라스를 사용하는 것이 유용하다. 본 연구에서는 공통의 글라스를 개발한 후 다양한 필러들을 혼합하여 mm파 대역에서 다양한 유전율을 갖는 LTCC 소재를 개발함으로써, 수동소자의 내장화에 따른 이종접합시의 매칭성을 극대화하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 CaO-$Al_2O_3-SiO_2-B_2O_3$계 공통글라스에 $CaZrO_3$, $1.3MgTiO_3$, $2La_2O_3TiO_2$ 필러를 혼합하여 소결체의 미세구조, 유전특성 및 열기계적 특성을 고찰하였다. 이때 유전율 6에서 20에 이르는 저손실 소재를 개발할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 1995

The reduction and diffusion process(R-D process) is an economical way to produce the functional materials which contain rare-earth elements and has been applied to the production of rare-earth magnet meterials($SmCo_5$, $Nd_{15}Fe_{77}B_8$), magneto-optical(MO) target materials and hydrogen storage alloy, etc. However, because of difficult to control of the final composition, the R-D process has not been applied to production of the 2-17 type rare earth permanent magnet materials which contain several elements. Therefore, this work was as a basic study for the production of the 2-17 type rare earth permanent materials with composition $Sm(Co_{0.72}Fe_{0.21}Cu_{0.05}Zr_{0.03})_{7.9}$ by the R-D process, the following were mainy examined ; the amount of metallic calcium as a reductant, homogenization condition of the alloy after the R-D reaction, masuring of magnetic properties of the sample after step aging. The sample prepared by the R-D process contained a little more oxygen than that prepared by the melting method, however, showed almost the same magnetic properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.223-223
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• 1999

PZT(PbZr1-xTixO3) 박막은 고유전율과 같은 remanent polarization을 가져서 고집적 소자의 커패시터 유전율층 또는 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 제조에 이용되고 있으나, fatigue 와 aging 문제로 인하여 새로운 물질의 개발이 필요한데, 그 대표적으로 연구되고 있는 것이 PMN-PT(Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-PbTiO3) 이다. 본 실험에서는 sol-gel 법에 의하여 제조된 PMN-PT막을 ICP(Inductively coupled plasma)에 의하여 식각하였고 mask층으로는 PR을 사용하였다. 식각 가스로는 Ar, Cl, BCl를 단독 또는 혼합하여 사용하였으며, 식각 특성을 보기 위하여 RF Power, Substrate bias, Operation pressure, Substrate temperature를 변화시켰다. 식각속도는 stylus profiler를 이용하여 측정하였고, 단면 profile은 scanning electron microscopy (SEM)를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 식각 메커니즘을 규명하고자 식각된 박막의 표면을 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)로 관찰하였고, optical emission spectroscopy (OES)로 플라즈마 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 식각속도는 Ar 또는 Cl2 플라즈마에 BCl3 가스를 혼합하였을 경우 증가되었고, BCl3 가스를 단독으로 사용하여도 높은 식각속도를 나타내었으며, BCl3의 첨가량이 늘어날수록 PR의 식각속도는 감소하여 높은 선택비를 보였다. 90% BCl3/10%Cl2 플라즈마에서 2800$\AA$/min의 식각속도 그리고 1.37:1의 PR 선택비를 얻을 수 있었다. Power나 기판 bias 증가에 따라 식각속도는 증가하였으나 기판 온도변화에는 민감하지 않았다. BCl3 rich에서의 식각속도 증가와 선택비 증가는 B2O3의 형성에 의한 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2008

In last two decades, an impressive progress has been recorded in terms of developing new materials or refining existing material composition/microstructure in order to obtain better performance in biomedical applications. The success of such efforts clearly demands better understanding of various concepts, e.g. biocompatibility, host response, cell-biomaterial interaction. In this article, we review the fundamental understanding that is required with respect to biomaterials development, as well as various materials and their properties, which are relevant in applications, such as hard tissue replacement. A major emphasize has been placed to present various design aspects, in terms of materials processing, of ceramics and polymer based biocomposites, Among the bioceramic composites, the research results obtained with Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based biomaterials with metallic (Ti) or ceramic (Mullite) reinforcements as well as $SiO_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-K_2O-B_2O_3-F$ glass ceramics and stabilized $ZrO_2$ based bioinert ceramics are summarized. The physical as well as tribological properties of Polyethylene (PE) based hybrid biocomposites are discussed to illustrate the concept on how can the physical/wear properties be enhanced along with biocompatibility due to combined addition of bioinert and bioactive ceramic to a bioinert polymeric matrix. The tribological and corrosion properties of some important orthopedic metallic alloys based on Ti or Co-Cr-Mo are also illustrated. At the close, the future perspective on orthopedic biomaterials development and some unresolved issues are presented.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.44-48
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• 2010

Acoustic emission (AE) signal from an HTS tape has a low signal to noise ratio, due to the large amount of noise caused by the boiling of the liquid cryogen or mechanical vibration from the cryo-cooler. In an attempt to improve the sensitivity of the AE sensor, $Pb(Zr_{0.54}Ti_{0.46})O_3$ + 0.2 wt% $Cr_2O_3$ + 1.0 wt.% $Nb_2O_5$ ceramics sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ was synthesized. In addition, the resonance ($f_r$) and anti-resonance frequencies ($f_a$) were measured using the specimens with various thicknesses (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm). According to the test results, large AE signals with high frequencies were obtained from the AE sensor fabricated using a piezoelectric disc with a thinner thickness.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

In present study, we geochemically investigated the fresh coal ashes and the saline ash pond of an electric power plant in Korea, which burns imported bituminous coals. The goals are to see the chemical changes of the ash pond by reaction with coal ashes and to investigate the relative leachability of elements from the ashes by reaction with saline waters. For this study, one fresh fly ash, one fresh bottom ash, and 7 water samples were collected. All the ash samples and 2 water samples were analyzed for 55 elements. The results indicated that the fly ashes are enriched with chalcophilic elements such as Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Se, Cd, Sb, Au, Pb, and B relative to other elements. On the other hand, concentrations of As, Ba, Co, Ga, Li, Mn, Mo, Sb, U, V, W, and Zr are much higher in the ash pond than those dissolved in the seawater. Ag, Bi, Li, Mo, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, and W show high ratios of elemental concentrations in pond water to those in the fly ash. Our results imply that the leaching of trace elements is regulated by geochemical controls such as solubility and adsorption even though the trace elements are relatively enriched on the ash surfaces after the coal combustion due to their volatilities.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.931-935
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• 2012

In this study, we fabricate and investigate low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with a ceramic substrate/porous metal/ceramic/porous metal structure. To realize low-temperature operation in solid oxide fuel cells, the membrane should be fabricated to have a thickness of the order of a few hundreds nanometers to minimize IR loss. Yttrium-doped barium zirconate (BYZ), a proton conductor, was used as the electrolyte. We deposited a 350-nm-thick Pt (anode) layer on a porous substrate by sputter deposition. We also deposited a 1-${\mu}m$-thick BYZ layer on the Pt anode using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Finally, we deposited a 200-nm-thick Pt (cathode) layer on the BYZ electrolyte by sputter deposition. The open circuit voltage (OCV) is 0.806 V, and the maximum power density is 11.9 mW/$cm^2$ at $350^{\circ}C$. Even though a fully dense electrolyte is deposited via PLD, a cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image reveals many voids and defects.