• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.286-290
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• 2005

We consider the poisson equation where the functions involved are periodic including the solution function. Let $R=[0,1]{\times}[0,l]{\times}[0,1]$ be the region of interest and let $\phi$(x,y,z) be an arbitrary periodic function defined in the region R such that $\phi$(x,y,z) satisfies $\phi$(x+1, y, z)=$\phi$(x, y+1, z)=$\phi$(x, y, z+1)=$\phi$(x,y,z) for all x,y,z. We describe a very simple method for solving the equation ${\nabla}^2u(x, y, z)$ = $\phi$(x, y, z) based on the cubic spline interpolation of u(x, y, z); using the requirement that each interval [0,1] is a multiple of the period in the corresponding coordinates, the Laplacian operator applied to the cubic spline interpolation of u(x, y, z) can be replaced by a square matrix. The solution can then be computed simply by multiplying $\phi$(x, y, z) by the inverse of this matrix. A description on how the storage of nearly a Giga byte for $20{\times}20{\times}20$ nodes, equivalent to a $8000{\times}8000$ matrix is handled by using the fuzzy rule table method and a description on how the shape preserving property of the Laplacian operator will be affected by this approximation are included.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.505-513
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• 1995

P-lement mediated enhancer detector lines (EDla) were screened for reporter gene (1acZ expression In the ovary of Drosophila mejanogaster Cell-type spedfic 1acZ expression can be grouped Into three parts such as in the geimline, soma, and both. LacZ expression In germline cells was devided into 2 types; expression in nurse cells or in both of the nurse cells and oocote. In the stage-9 to stage-lO follicles, lacZ expression was observed either In the whole follicle cells around oocote or in the subpopulation of follicle cells in egg chamber. lacZ expression in the subset of follicle cells are showed in the centripetal follicle cells or the columnar follicle cells except centripetal follicle cells. Several lines showed anterior to postedor gradient pattern of lacZ expression in the follicle cells. Interestingly there were 3 lines in which lacZ was expressed In the polar cells and/or the horder cells of egg chamber. These lacZ expression patterns in the different ovarian cells of independent EDla reflect the cell type-spedflc expression of maternal genes nesr the P-element insertion, and might provide a basis for cloning of genes involved in oogenesis of Drosophila.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.549-558
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• 2024

Sepsis triggers a systemic inflammatory response that can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Salidroside (SAL) has many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation. The objective of the study was to explore the mechanism of SAL on ALI caused by sepsis. A model of ALI in septic mice was established by cecal ligation and puncture. Following SAL treatment, the effect of SAL on the ferroptosis pathway in mice was analyzed. The pathological damage of lung tissue, the levels of inflammatory factors and apoptosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice were evaluated, and the changes of gene expression level and metabolite content abundance were explored by combining transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. The effect of SAL on ferroptosis in mice with lung injury was observed by intraperitoneal injection of ferroptosis activator Erastin or ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 to promote or inhibit ferroptosis in mice. SAL significantly alleviated the pathological damage of lung tissue, decreased the number of TUNEL positive cells and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in BALF, and increased the level of IL-10 in lung injury mice. Moreover, the Fe²⁺ content and malondialdehyde decreased significantly, the reactive oxygen species and glutathione content increased significantly, and the arachidonic acid metabolites 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), (5Z, 8Z, 10E, 14Z)-12-Oxoeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid (12-OxOETE), (5Z, 8Z, 10E, 14Z)-(12S)-12-Hydroxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE), (5Z, 8Z, 14Z)-11,12-Dihydroxyeicosa-5,8,14-trienoic acid (11,12-DHET), (5Z, 11Z, 14Z)-8,9-Dihydroxyeicosa-5,11,14-trienoic acid, Leukotriene B4, Leukotriene D4 were significantly up-regulated after SAL treatment. Salidroside alleviates ALI caused by sepsis by inhibiting ferroptosis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the polymerization shrinkage and modulus of elasticity of composites on the cusp deflection of class V restoration in premolars. The sixteen extracted upper premolars were divided into 2 groups with similar size. The amounts of cuspal deflection were measured in Class V cavities restored with a flowable composite (Filtek flow) or a universal hybrid composite (Z-250). The bonded interfaces of the sectioned specimens were observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The polymerization shrinkage and modulus of elasticity of the composites were measured to find out the effect of physical properties of composite resins on the cuspal deflection. The results were as follows. 1. The amounts of cuspal deflection restored with Filtek flow or Z-250 were $2.18\;{\pm}\;0.92{\mu}m$ and $2.95\;{\pm}\;1.13\;{\mu}m$, respectively. Filtek flow showed less cuspal deflection but there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). 2. The two specimens in each group showed gap at the inner portion of the cavity. 3. The polymerization shrinkages of Filtek flow and Z-250 were 4.41% and 2.23% respectively, and the flexural modulus of elasticity of cured Filtek flow (7.77 GPa) was much lower than that of Z-250 (17.43 GPa). 4. The cuspal deflection depends not only on the polymerization shrinkage but also on the modulus of elasticity of composites.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2010

The hydrogen permselective membrane were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) aiming at the applications to hydrogen iodide decomposition in the thermochemical IS process, and it was evaluated for the possibility as a separation membrane. An electron probe X-ray microanalyzer (EPMA) and SEM picture were used to analyze the morphology and structure of the prepared membranes. It was confirmed that Zr-Si-O layer exist in the surface of the prepared membrane using zirconia coated support. Single-component permeance to $H_2$ and $N_2$ were measured at $300{\sim}600^{\circ}C$. Hydrogen permeance through the Z-1 membrane at a permeation temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ was about $1{\times}10^{-7}\;mol{\cdot}Pa^{-1}{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The selectivities of $H_2/N_2$ at $600^{\circ}C$ were 5.0 and 5.75 for Z-1 and Z-2 membrane, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 1979

The manoeuvrabilities of a ship are decided by the values of her manoeuvring indices. The manoeuvring indices consist of two kinds: indices K and T. The former decides a ship's turning ability and the latter, the length of time delay to a steady turning motion after her rudder has finished the turn of an ordered angle. In this paper, the author figured out the values of the manoeuvring indices of the m. s. 'SAEBADA' (GT: 2,275,7 ton), the training ship of tile National Fisheries University of Busan through her Z test and analyzed these values and the other data which were obtained from her Z test to study her manoeuvrabilities. The results of]tamed are summarized as follows: 1. The manoeuvring indices K' of the m. s. 'SAEBADA' were $1.052(at\;10{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;0.925(at\;20{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;and\;0.877(at\;30{\circ}\;Z\;test)$. Her manoeuvring indices $0.815(at\;10{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;0.502(at\;20{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;and\;0.441(at\;30{\circ}\;Z\;test)$. Her above calculated values K', T' showed that her obeying ability to the turn of her rudder was more increased when her rudder was used to large angle than to small angle, but on the other hand in this case her turning ability was slightly reduced. 2. As it appeared that the calculated K'-values of the m.s. 'SAEBADA' were slightly smaller than the standard K'-values of the fishing boats similar in length, and her overshoot angles at her Z test were greater than other general ships, her turning ability was found to t]e slightly lower. 3. When the m. s. 'SAEBADA' took a turn at her $10^{\circ}\;Z$ test, running distance was about 8.6 times her own length and didn't exceed the standard manoeuvrability distance, 5 to 11 times general ships' own length, therefore she was considered to have a good manoeuvrability synthetically.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2016

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of different surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to glazed full-zirconia surfaces. Materials and Methods: Glazed zirconia (except for the control, Zirkonzahn Prettau) disc surfaces were pre-treated: PO (control), polishing; BR, bur roughening; PP, cleaning with a prophy cup and pumice; HF, hydrofluoric acid etching; AA, air abrasion with aluminum oxide; CJ, CoJet-Sand. The surfaces were examined using profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and electron dispersive spectroscopy. A zirconia primer (Z-Prime Plus, Z) or a silane primer (Monobond-S, S) was then applied to the surfaces, yielding 7 groups (PO-Z, BR-Z, PP-S, HF-S, AA-S, AA-Z, and CJ-S). Metal bracket-bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 hr at $37^{\circ}C$, and thermocycled for 1,000 cycles. Their bond strengths were measured using the wire loop method (n = 10). Results: Except for BR, the surface pre-treatments failed to expose the zirconia substructure. A significant difference in bond strengths was found between AA-Z ($4.60{\pm}1.08MPa$) and all other groups ($13.38{\pm}2.57-15.78{\pm}2.39MPa$, p < 0.05). For AA-Z, most of the adhesive remained on the bracket. Conclusions: For bracket bonding to glazed zirconia, a simple application of silane to the cleaned surface is recommended. A zirconia primer should be used only when the zirconia substructure is definitely exposed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.370-376
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• 2021

development of the aerospace industry is increasing the research of projectiles. In addition, many tests are under way and many failures occur accordingly. Projectiles should be able to minimize failures because they are more dangerous than other electronic equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to verify wiring before powering the projectile. Accordingly, the wiring status was verified by resistance measurements. However, the wiring test of the previous resistance measurement method cannot be accurately measured due to devices such as capacitors and inductors in the projectile circuit. In this paper, impedance is measured in the connection state of cables and projectiles using a TDR meter. The Z-Segmentation algorithm is used to set the reference value for the measured steady state impedance. The Z-Segmentation algorithm first finds the peak values of the impedance waveform using a Kalman filter and obtains the final impedance peak segment through segmentation. In this way, the wiring status is determined based on the reference value for the normal state of the wiring.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.470-476
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• 1987

The system of 0.1Pb(Mg1/3N2/3)O3-yPbTiO3-zPbZrO3 piezoelectric ceramics was made in the radial model disk and ring dot type filter. The resonant frequency(fr) variations were investigated for 100 hours and the temperature range from 20$^{\circ}C$ to 100$^{\circ}C$. As the results, the morphotropic phase boundary was supposed to be the composition of 45 y 50 and 40 z 45. The best characteristic of againg effect, after 10-hours, was composed of y, z=45. The stabilized characteristic of temperature varition, to become 0.1% up to 100$^{\circ}C$, was composed of y=50 and z=40. The bandwidth was broadened with increasing the electromechanical coefficient(kp), and the filter characteristics was approached ideal mode with increasing mechanical quality factor(Qm). Kp and Qm affected combinationally on filter characteristics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.455-461
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• 2017

The Lie algebra analogue of Schur's result which is proved by Moneyhun in 1994, states that if L is a Lie algebra such that dimL/Z(L) = n, then $dimL_{(2)}={\frac{1}{2}}n(n-1)-s$ for some non-negative integer s. In the present paper, we determine the structure of central factor (for s = 0) and the factor Lie algebra $L/Z_2(L)$ (for all $s{\geq}0$) of a finite dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra L, with n-dimensional central factor. Furthermore, by using the concept of n-isoclinism, we discuss an upper bound for the dimension of $L/Z_n(L)$ in terms of $dimL_{(n+1)}$, when the factor Lie algebra $L/Z_n(L)$ is finitely generated and $n{\geq}1$.