• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2003

The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary feather meal(FM) and its digest on the taurine content and performance of laying hens. Feeding trial was conducted with 810 78-wk-old ISA-Brown layers for 5wk. The experiment consisted of nine dietary treatments ； T1 ; control(basal diet), T2；Tl + feather meal(FM) 6 ％ diet, T3；T2 + pyridoxin(21 mg/kg) supplemented diet, T4； T1 + H$_2$O$_2$treated FM 6%, T5； T4 + pyridoxin(21 mg/kg) supplemented diet, T6； T1 + cystine(0.25 ％) supplemented diet, T7； T6 + pyridoxin(21 mg/kg) supplemented diet, T8； T1 + synthetic taurine supplemented(0.25％) diet, T9； T1 + synthetic taurine supplemented(0.5 ％) diet. Diets were formulated to be iso-caloric and to meet NRC(1994) requirements of essential nutriente. Birds in treatments T3 showed significantly higher(P＜0.01) egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, haugh unit and eggshell strength than those fed other treatments. Supplementation of FM. H$_2$O$_2$treated FM and cystine with or without pyridoxin did not significantly affected taurine content of egg yolk. Only synthetic taurine supplemented diets(T8 and T9) linearly increased(P＜0.01) taurine content of egg yolk.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBB) with chemical (NPK) fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of mulberry variety Kanva-2. Their influences on silkworm growth and cocoon characters were also studied. Ten different CBB and NPK fertilizer treatments were given to 5000 plants of established mulberry garden. Treatments were of four types viz., (i) T1 to T7: single and combination dose of CBB+50% NPK (ii) T8: combination dose of CBB + 25%NPK, (iii) T9: CBB only and (iv) T10: control-l00% NPK. Soil pH decreased and nutrients status increased in CBB (T1- T9) treated plots. Average of ten crops data on quantitative traits revealed that T7 (CBB [N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0) and S. millei (1.0 g)] + 50% NPK) was very effective in improving growth parameters. Leaf yield was also found high in treatment T7 (32.12 tons/ha/yr.) followed by T10 (31.17 tons/ha/yr.) and T8 (27.67 tons/ha/yr.). Leaf quality characters were found high in T7 and low in T9. Most of the quality traits in T7 are on par with control no. The results revealed that reduction in the dose of chemical fertilizers in T7 did not affect the leaf yield and leaf quality traits of mulberry. This clearly indicates that the efficiency of CBB (T7) provides nitrogen, increases essential nutrients available in soil, maintain soil pH and supply growth substances required for the improvement of leaf yield and leaf quality of mulberry. Bioassay study also revealed no significant difference in silkworm growth and cocoon characters between treatments T7 and T10. Economics calculated revealed that T7 is highly economical and beneficial over T10 by gaining an amount of Rs. 660/-/acre/crop. Thus, treatment T7 containing N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0 g) and S. millei (1.0 g) + 50% NPK fertilizers can be recommended to sericulturists mainly to reduce the use of NPK fertilizers, by saving 50% of its cost and to improve soil fertility conditions, which in turn improves leaf yield and quality of mulberry.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.616-623
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• 1994

Objectives: Careful evaluation about mediastinal involvement is important in the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Invasive staging procedure such as mediastinoscopy is advocated because of the unreliability of noninvasive staging methods such as CT, MRI. We compared differences between pre- and postoperative staging in non-small cell lung cancer without lymphadenopathy on CT scan and investigated the methods for more accurate preoperative staging. Methods & Results: 1) Records of a total of 41 patients with preoperative $T_{1-3}N_0M_0$ non-small cell lung cancer were reviewed and the histologic types of tumors were squamous cell carcinoma in 32 cases, adenocarcinoma in 6 cases and large cell carcinoma in 3 cases. Twenty-four cases were central lesions and seventeen cases were peripheral lesions. 2) Among the 32 cases with preoperative $T_2$, 2 cases were identified postoperatively as $T_3$ with invasion of chest wall and among 6 cases with preoperative $T_3$, 1 case was identified postoperatively as $T_4$ with invasion of aorta and pulmonary arteries. 3) After the operation of 35 cases with $T_{1-2}$, 5 cases were $N_1$ and 3 cases were $N_2$ postoperatively. After the operation of 6 cases with $T_3$, 2 cases were $N_1$ and 3 cases were $N_2$ postoperatively. Preoperative $T_3$ showed more intrathoracic lymph node metastases and higher $N_2/N_1$ involvement ratio than preoperative $T_{1-2}$. 4) Complete surgical resections were done in 34 out of 41 cases. Incomplete resection were done in all postoperative $N_2$ tumors. Conclusion: Invasive staging procedures such as mediastinoscopy should be considered in the case of preoperative $T_3$ non-small cell lung cancer even though mediastinal lymphadenopathy is not recognized on the CT scan of the chest.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2005

Purpose : Early detection of small brain metastases is important. The purpose of this study was to compare the detectability of brain metastases according to the size between 1.5 T and 3.0 T MRI. Materials and Methods : We reviewed 162 patients with primary lung cancer who were examined for TNM staging. After administration of double dose of Gd-DTPA, MR imaging was performed with SPGR by 3.0 T MRI and then with T1 SE sequence by 1.5 T MRI. In each patient, three readers performed qualitative assessment. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated in 3.0 T and 1.5 T MRI according to size. Using the signal intensity (SI) measurements between the metastatic nodules and adjacent tissue, nodule-to-adjacent tissue SI ratio was calculated. Results : Thirty-one of 162 patients had apparent metastatic nodules in the brain at either 1.5 T or 3.0 T MR imaging. 143 nodules were detected in 3.0 T MRI, whereas 137 nodules were detected at 1.5 T MRI. Six nodules, only detected in 3.0 T MRI, were smaller than 3.0 mm in dimension. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy in 3.0 T MRI were 100 %, 100 %, and 100 % respectively, and in 1.5 T MRI were 95.8%, 88.3%, and 85.1% respectively. SI ratio was significantly higher in the 3.0 T MRI than 1.5 T MRI (p=0.025). Conclusion : True positive rate of 3.0 T MRI with Gd-DTPA was superior to 1.5 T MRI with Gd-DTPA in detection of metastatic nodules smaller than 3.0 mm.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

This paper shows that the solutions to nonlinear perturbed functional differential system $$y^{\prime}=f(t,y)+{\int}^t_{t_0}g(s,y(s),Ty(s))ds+h(t,y(t))$$ have the asymptotic property by imposing conditions on the perturbed part ${\int}^t_{t_0}g(s,y(s),Ty(s))ds,h(t,y(t))$ and on the fundamental matrix of the unperturbed system y' = f(t, y).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2002

Interactive hashing is a protocol introduced by Naor, Ostrovsk Venkatesan, $Yung^{[1]}$ with t-1 round complexity and $t^2$ - 1 bits communication complexity for given t bits string. In this paper, we propose more efficiently extended interactive hashing protocol with t/m- 1 round complexity and $t^2$/m - m bits communication complexity than NOVY protocol when m is a divisor of t, and prove the security of this.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2008

Changes in luteinizing hormone (LH), serum testosterone (T), and salivary T levels with age were examined in Korean men. Serum was obtained from 167 Korean men of different ages ($20{\sim}69\;y$), and the serum LH and T levels were measured. Saliva samples were also obtained, and the salivary T level was determined. The LH levels did not change considerably until 40 y of age (20s, $2.5{\pm}1.0$; 30s, $2.7{\pm}1.5$; and 40s, $2.5{\pm}1.8\;mIU/mL$) but increased significantly around 50 y (50s, $3.7{\pm}1.8$ and 60s, $3.1{\pm}1.7\;mIU/mL$). Further, the serum T levels also did not change until 40 y of age (20s, $5.3{\pm}2.6$, 30s, $4.4{\pm}1.4$, 40s, $4.1{\pm}1.5\;ng/mL$) but decreased significantly at 50 y (50s, $3.4{\pm}1.5$; 60s, $2.6{\pm}0.8\;ng/mL$). The salivary T levels also showed small changes until the age of 40 y ($20s{\sim}40s$, $0.11{\pm}0.015\;ng/mL$) but decreased significantly at 50 y ($0.08{\pm}0.03\;ng/mL$). Thus, the relative ratio of salivary T to serum T levels did not change significantly in all the ages examined ($2.4{\pm}0.9%$). Linear regression analysis predicted that the LH levels increased 1.5%/y while the serum and salivary T levels decreased 1%/y and 0.8%/y, respectively. The serum T/LH ratio did not change considerably until the age of 40 y ($20s{\sim}40s$, $2.27{\pm}0.14$) but decreased significantly ($1.2{\pm}1.0$) at 50 y. Age-related changes in the salivary T/LH ratio were very similar to those in the serum T/LH ratio. These results demonstrated that LH and T levels in serum or saliva did not change considerably until 40 y of age; instead, in Korean men, from 50 y of age, the LH level increased, while the T level decreased. This suggests that primary testicular failure that occurred due to aging (approximately 50 y) and caused this phenomenon. The present study also shows that the salivary T level can be an indicator of the free T level in serum although the salivary T level correlates weakly with the total T level in serum (r=0.53). Thus, information regarding salivary T levels may be useful for studying the age-related changes occurring in male testicular physiology.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 1983

Genetic polymorphism of transferrin $(T_f)$ subtypes in Jeju population was studied by isoelectric focusing of human sera on polyacrylamide gels under high voltage, and haptolobin (Hp) polymorphism in Seoul and Jeju population was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Among 946 normal samples, three common types of transferrin, $T_{f}C_{1}, T_{f}C_{1}-C_{2} and T_{f}C_{2}$ were observed with some variants migrating slower than $T_{f}C$ subtypes, while among 139 patient (hepatitis) samples, only three common types were found. The gene frequencies were calculated as follows; in normal population, $T_{f}C^{1}$ was 0.7220; $T_{f}C^{2}, 0.2743; T_{f}D^{Jeju}, 0.0037$, and in patient population, $T_{f}C^{1} was 0.7194; T_{f}C^{2}, 0.2806$ respectively. Among 460 samples in Seoul and 502 in Jeju population, three types of haptoglobin, Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1 and Hp 2-2 were observed. The gene frequency of $Hp^1$ was 0.304, $Hp^2$, 0.696 in Seoul and in Jeju, $Hp^1$ was 0.269 and $Hp^2$, 0.731, respectively. The frequencies of the genes and the polymorphic phenotypes were discussed comparatively with the other populations.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1991

In order to obtain basic biological data for effective seed production of the red sea bream, Pargus major, the influence of water temperature on egg development was investigated. The time of egg development was shorter with higher water temperature. The relationships between the water temperature($T\;:\;^{\circ}C$) and the required time(t : hour) from egg to each developmental stage were given as follows : 8-cell 1/t=0.0618T-0.5877(r=0.9899) Morula : 1/t=0.0284T-0.2556(r=0.9948) Kupffer's : 1/t=0.0076T-0.0829(r=0.9902) vesicle Hatching : 1/t=0.0031T-0.0350(r=0.9985) Biological minimium temperature for the egg development was estimated to be $10.2^{\circ}C$ in average.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.661-676
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• 2017

Let T be a bounded linear operator acting on a complex Hilbert space ${\mathfrak{H}}$. In this paper we introduce the class, denoted ${\mathcal{Q}}(A(k),m)$, of operators satisfying $T^{m{\ast}}(T^{\ast}{\mid}T{\mid}^{2k}T)^{1/(k+1)}T^m{\geq}T^{{\ast}m}{\mid}T{\mid}^2T^m$, where m is a positive integer and k is a positive real number and we prove basic structural properties of these operators. Using these results, we prove that if P is the Riesz idempotent for isolated point ${\lambda}$ of the spectrum of $T{\in}{\mathcal{Q}}(A(k),m)$, then P is self-adjoint, and we give a necessary and sufficient condition for $T{\otimes}S$ to be in ${\mathcal{Q}}(A(k),m)$ when T and S are both non-zero operators. Moreover, we characterize the quasinilpotent part $H_0(T-{\lambda})$ of class A(k) operator.