• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1996

To estimate removal rate of phosphorus in aquatic grassland ecosystems of Paldangho, this investigation was conducted along with the coast of a lake. The experimental results may be summarized on communities of Typha angustata, Miscanthus sacchriflorus Phragmites communis and Scirpus tabernaemontani as follows. The annual production of phosphorus for the litters in T. angustata, M saccharsflorus, P. cam-munis and S. taiernaemontani grasslands were 10.252 g /$m^2$, 3.833 g /$m^2$, , 2.656 g /$m^2$, and 5.210 g /$m^2$, respectively. The ratio of annual production of P accumulated on surface soils in a steady state provides estimates of the removal rate r, The estimated removal rates r of P were 0.58, 0.78, 0.68 and 0.59 in T. angustata, M. sacchariflorus, P. communis and S. tabernaemontani grasslands re- spectively. The removal and accumulation of 50, 95 and of 99% of its steady state level, the estimates for P of T. angustata were 1.195, 5.173 and 8.623 years, in M. sacchariflorus were 0.880, 3.842, and 6.403 years, and in P. cammunis were 1.014, 4.390, and 7.316 years respectively, In S. tabernaemontani grassland required period were 1.178,5.099 and 8.500. Key words:T. angustata, S. tabernaemantani, P. communis, S. tabernaemontani, Paldangho, Removal rate, Phosphorus.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.589-599
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigated the removal efficiency of BOD and nutrient for the treatment of low strength municipal wastewater by a biological nutrient removal system. In this experiment, the effect of operating parameter including HRT of 7.0hr, BOD/TN ratios of 2.62~4.08, internal recycle of 50~300%, and return sludge of 50~100%, were studied during winter season. Efficiencies of organic matter and T-P removal and denitrification were not significantly affected by the change of temperature in winter season. However, the specific nitrification rate and nitrification efficiency decreased at low temperature. Besides, denitrification efficiencies increased with increasing BOD/TN ratios. It was also found that the internal recycle and return sludge ratio below 50% is required for the effective denitrification of low strength municipal wastewater. With operating mode 4 of the optimum, the effluent BOD, T-N and T-P concentration were obtained to average 5.8, 14.6, and 0.84 mg/L, respectively. The temperature-activity coefficient (${\theta}$) of specific nitrification rate, specific denitrification rate and specific phosphorus uptake rate were obtained 1.044, 1.017, 1.028, respectively.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-92
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• 1995

This paper tried to estimate the pass - through of exchange rate changes to export price of fishery products using export price function. The results are as follows : 1) The variable of fluctuation of exchange rate of Won(equation omitted) to Yen(equation omitted)(variable E2) is more powerful explanatory variable than that of Won to U.S. dollar to explain the fluctiation of export price of fishery products(varible $P_{t}$)- 2) The variable of fish catches(variable K $P_{t}$) is also found to be a statistically significant varible but that of producer price index is not found. 3) The variable E2 have statistically a more influence on variable $P_{t}$ than variable K $P_{t.}$ 4) The estimation shows us that 1% of fluctuation of variable E2 could result in 0.9978% of fluctuation of variable $P_{t.}$

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to compare the stop-smoking rate and nicotine dependency for an adult smoker after implementing the smoking cessation program. Method: Fourty-six adult smokers participated. Self report questionnaire and telephone interview were conducted at the pretest, 6 months later, 1 year later, 2 years later, 3 years later. Result: 1. Stop-smoking rate of smoking cessation program participants was 43.5% 6 months later, 35.6% 1 year later, 24.4% 2 years later, 45.5% 3 years later. 2. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 6 months later(paired-t=4.719, p=.000). 3. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 1 year later(pired-t=4.296=.000). 4. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 2 years later(paired-t=2.778. p=.000). 5. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 3 years later(paired-t=2.795. p=.000). Conclusion: The smoking cessation program was effective to induce cessation in the adult smoker, and to decrease nicotine dependency in the continuing adult smoker.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2000

목 적 : A군 연쇄상구균은 소아영역에서 상기도 감염의 중요한 원인이며, 부적절한 치료시 류마티열 및 급성 신사구체염을 유발시키는 중요한 세균이다. A군 연쇄상구균의 세포벽을 구성하고 있는 T단백질의 항원성 분류는 연쇄구균감염의 역학적 상황을 이해하는데 유용하다고 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은, 지난 3년동안 우리나라 초등학생 연쇄구균 보균자에게서 분리된 A군 연쇄상구균의 T단백 분류를 통해 그 역학적 동태를 알고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 3월부터 5월까지 울진, 서울, 오산, 군산의 정상 초등학생 1,192명을 대상으로 하였다. 울진에서는 1996년, 1997년, 1998년 3년동안 배양검사를 시행하였으며, 1996년 오산에서는 같은 초등학교에서 3회에 걸쳐 배양검사를 시행하였다. 대상 아동으로부터 소독된 면봉으로 편도와 인두를 세게 문질러 검체를 획득하여, 면양혈액한천배지에 접종 후 희석하여 37.2도에서 하룻밤 배양 후 얻은 베타용혈균을 Streptex를 이용하여 grouping하였으며, 분리된 A군 연쇄상구균의 T혈청형 분류를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1996년 울진, 서울, 오산, 군산의 1,192명의 초등학생 중 15.0%인 179명에서 A군 연쇄상구균이 배양되었으며, 지역별 보균율은 울진 18.6%, 서울 2.7%, 오산 26.0%, 군산 12.3%였다. 1996년 보균자 179명중 T혈청형 분리율은 52.2%였으며, 지역별로는 울진 68.7%, 서울 83.3%, 오산 24.7%, 군산 83.8%였다. 1996년 지역별로 흔하게 분리된 T혈청형은, 울진에서는 NT, T1, T3순이었고, 서울은 T12, T25, 오산은 NT, T6, T28, 군산은 T25, T4, NT, T5순이었다. 울진의 연도별 보균율은 1996년 16.0%, 1997년 7.1%, 1998년 13.0%였으며, 분리된 T혈청형은 1996년에는 NT, T1, T3, T25순이었고, 1997년 NT, T1, T12, T25 순이었으며, 1998년에는 T12, NT, T4순이었다. 1996년 오산 지역에서 3회에 걸쳐 시행한 배양검사에서, 분리된 T혈청형은 1차에서는 NT가 대부분을 차지하였으나, 2차에서는 T6, T1, T4 순이었고, 2차에서와 같은 대상을 2주간격을 두고 시행한 3차에서는 T8/25, T12, T1순이었다. 같은 학생을 대상으로 2주간격으로 시행한 배양검사에서 1차에서 23명의 소아에서 양성이 나왔으며, 2차에서는 27명에서 양성이 나왔으며, 이중 1, 2차에서 모두 양성이 나온 사람은 16명이었다. 이 16명중 T혈청형이 1, 2차에서 동일하게 나온 사람은 4명(25.0%)이었다. 결 론 : 배양된 균의 세포막 단백질의 분석을 통해 연쇄구균의 혈청학적 타입을 분석 및 이 균과 관련된 역학을 파악하는 것이 궁극적으로 질병을 예방하고 치료할 수 있는 근본이 될 것으로 사료되며, 향후 주기적으로 병원균에 대한 역학적 검사가 시행되어야 할 것이다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2017

Wastewater treatment using ferrate (VI) solution is becoming a promising technology for several years, because it is high efficient and harmless technology. In this study, the ferrate (VI) solution was tested to treatment of desulfurization wastewater. The effluent from desulfurization wastewater treatment process of power plant was used as raw water, and the COD and T-N removal efficiency of ferrate(VI) solution were investigated. In the test, as the injection rate increased from 0.1 to 1.0%, the removal efficiency of COD also slightly increased, about 80% of COD were removed in 1.0% of injection rate. In the case of T-N, about 50% of T-N was removed in the condition of 1.0% of injection rate. The removal efficiency of COD and T-N also affected by reaction time, maximum removal efficiency was shown in 30 min of treatment. From these results, the wastewater treatment with ferrate(VI) solution can be great solutions for treatment of non-biodegradable pollutants in wastewater, especially for the 3rd treatment of wastewater.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제16권5호통권95호
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• pp.354-359
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• 2007

Effects of forging and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy wheel for automobiles were investigated in the present study. Microstructural and tensile characteristics of automobile wheel after hot forging process using dynamic screw press were analyzed to evaluate effect of metal flow on mechanical properties. The results showed advanced mechanical properties of 6061 alloy wheel because of $Mg_2Si$ precipitation by T6, elongated grain by forging, and work hardening by dense metal flow, etc. Hot compression tests were conducted in order to characterize high temperature compression deformation behaviors and microstructural variation in the range of $300{\sim}450^{\circ}C$, in the strain rate range of $10^{-3}{\sim}10^1\;sec^{-1}$. As strain rate increased, maximum compression stress increased but it was shown the reverse linear relation between temperature and maximum stress irrelevant to strain rate variation. On the other hand, temperature and yield stress didn't have any linear relation and its relation showed big deviation by a function of strain rate and test temperature.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.253-257
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• 1999

Cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine과 spermine이 spectinomycin에 의한 T4 파지 thymidylate synthase 유전자(td) intron의 splicing 억제에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Polyamine이 존재하지 않는 상태에서 7mM spectinomycin은 splicing rate를 약 40% 감소시켰다. 사용한 농도 범위(0.1~5mM)에서 cadaverine은 splicing rate를 감소시켰으나, putrescine은 0.5mM 농도에서 약 13% 정도의 splicing rate를 증가시켰다. Spermidine은 0.5mM 농도에서 약 11% 정도의 splicing rate를 증가시켰으며, sperimine은 0.01mM 농도에서 약 16% 정도의 splicing rate을 증가시켰다. 시험한 polyamine 중에서 특히 sperimine은 가장 낮은 농도에서 spectinomycin에 의한 억제반응을 극복하는 최고의 활성효과를 나타냈다. 이와 같은 억제 회복 효과는 polyamine에 의한 td intron 리보자임의 구조적 안정성에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2011

The present study investigated the physiological evaluation of cloned mini-pigs in a transportable isolator. Transportable isolator was designed and manufactured by our research team for transporting gnotobiotic pig. Until now, no previous reports are available regarding the physiological activities and harmful effects when pigs were transported in this isolator. Five cloned mini-pigs of 1~2 year (s) old female with a body weight between 80~90 kg were used. The effects of transportable isolator on stress-related hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and heart rate were evaluated. In addition, it was also examined the effects of transportable isolator on blood chemistry factors (alanine aminotransferase: ALT, aspartate aminotransferase: AST, blood urea nitrogen: BUN, glucose, and creatinine). Blood was sampled just before the beginning of transport (T0), at the end of transport (30min after the transport; T1), and 30 min after the end of transport (T2). At the same time, heart rate was also evaluated. As a result, heart rate had no significant (p>0.05) differences at the various-time points of study (T0, T1, T2). However, heart rate was slightly higher than normal range in T1 and T2. The ACTH level was higher than normal range. Whereas, the cortisol level was lower than normal range. There were no statistical significant differences both ACTH and cortisol level between different time groups. Also, there were no significant differences in blood chemistry factors. Therefore, our present study shows that transportable isolator has no harmful effect on stress and physiological condition in cloned mini-pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1453-1457
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• 2002

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of 4 feeding systems on growth, feed intake, eating behavior, lactation performance, gestation period, post-partum heat period, conception rate and parasitic infestation of Black Bengal goat. Twenty four does of approximately 1 year of age were randomly selected for 4 treatment (feeding systems) groups having 6 replications in each. Treatments were stall feeding ($T_1$), tethering ($T_2$), restricted grazing ($T_3$) and grazing ($T_4$). $T_1$ group was housed continuously and adequate amounts of natural grass were supplied for ad libitum feeding. $T_2$ group was tethered for grazing natural grass from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. being moved at one hour intervals. Goats of $T_3$ group were allowed grazing from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. $T_4$ group was grazed from 8 a. m. to 4 p.m. Concentrate supplement was given at the rate of 150 g per day per goat for all of the treatment groups. Duration of experiment was 219 days. Daily live weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in case of stall fed goats than that of others. DM intake also significantly (p<0.05) differed among the treatment groups and was 3.40 3.95, 3.76 and 4.05 per cent of their live weight for stall feeding, tethering, restricted grazing and grazing groups, respectively. Rate of rumination was significantly (p<0.05) higher in case of tethering group of goats than that of others. Birth weight of kids, milk yield, lactation period and post-partum heat period were significantly higher in case of stall fed goats than others. Tethering group showed significantly (p<0.05) higher litter size than others. Infestation rate of Fasciola was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the grazing group. In conclusion, it may be stated that among these feeding groups overall performance of stall fed goats was more satisfactory, and that the tethering group showed better performance than the others.