• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.661-666
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• 2003

The study was designed to compare the anti-carcinogenic effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on colon carcinogenesis in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated rats by determining the levels of apoptosis, cell proliferation, eicosanoids and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) in colonic mucosa. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups depending on the types of CLA isomers, i.e. BT group (no CLA contained), CLA-C group (cis-9, trans11 isomer contained), and CLA- T group (trans-10, cis-12 isomer contained). The experimental diet was composed of protein at 20%, carbohydrate at 56.2%, and fat at 14.5% including 0.8% CLA isomers by weight. The experimental diet was fed for 14 weeks with the initiation of intramuscular injection of DMH, which was injected twice a week for 6 weeks to give total dose of l80mg per kg body weight. Two CLA isomers (c9t11 and t10c12) significantly increased the relative percentage of apoptosis but reduced cell proliferation in mucosal cell and also the levels of PGE$_2$, TXB$_2$, and DAG in colonic mucosa. However, there was no significant differences in anti-carcinogenic effect between c9t11 isomer and t10c12 isomer. Overall, colon carcinogenesis could be significantly inhibited by CLA isomers by increasing apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation, the levels of eicosanoids and DAG in colonic mucosa.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.763-770
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• 2004

This study was designed to compare the anti-carcinogenic effect of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on tumor incidence, cell proliferation and the levels of thromboxane (TX) B$_2$, prostaglandin (PG) E$_2$ and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), and the related enzyme expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and protein kinase C (PKC) in colonic mucosa of 1,2-dimethy- lhydrazine (DMH) -treated rats. One hundred eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups depending on the types of CLA isomers, i.e. control group (no CLA contained), c9t11 group (cis-9, trans-11 CLA contained), and t10c12 group (trans-10, cis-12 CLA contained). The experimental diet was composed of protein at 20%, carbohydrate at 56.2%, and fat at 14.5% including 1.0% CLA isomers by weight. The experimental diet was fed for 30 weeks with the initiation of intramuscular injection of DMH, which was injected twice a week for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180 mg per kg body weight. Two CLA isomers (c9, t11, t10, c12) significantly reduced tumor incidence and cell proliferation by reducing the protein expression of COX-2 and PKC, and the level of TXB$_2$, PGE$_2$, and DAG in colonic mucosa. However, there was no significant difference in anti-carcinogenic effect between c9t11-CLA and t10c12-CLA.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 1993

Analytical methods of thromboxane $B_2(TXB_2)$ using various techniques of Fast Atom Bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) were studied, static FAB condition was investigated to obtain linear response curve using docosanoic acid as a internal standard. For maximum sensitivity, a continuos-flow(CF-) FAB MS by selected-ion monitoring(SIM) with devised sample introduction system, has been developed to quantiate thromboxane $B_2$ in biological sample. Instrumental parameters affecting sensitivity, reproducibility has been studied. The method has been optimized with respect to the eluent, 0.75% glycerol(in EtOH v/v) and flow rate of $3.7{\mu}l/min.$ Under the condition, detection limits were below 10pg in SIM mode and a good linear relationship between dose and response was achieved.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 1998

This study was designed to determine the effects of linoleic acid contents and $\omega$ 6/$\omega$3 ratios on the induction of gastric ulcer by water immersion and restraint stress. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 5diets containing 7% fat(w/w) for 6weeks. These diet groups were Lh, Mh, Hh, Mm, Ml, : 3 different linoleic acid levels(0.3% of energy(L). 3.5(M), 10(H) and 3 different $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratios (11(1), 33(m), 100(h) with beef tallow, sunflower or fish oil. The Lh group showed a significantly higher ulcer index (UI) than the Mh and Hh groups(p<0.05). At the same linoleic levels, the UI had no significant difference within the $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratios. The Mh group showed significantly higher (p<0.05) PGE2 and TBX2 content than any other group. Pearson's correlation coeffcients between UI and PGE2 and TBX2 had a negatively significant correlation(p<0.05). Linoleic acid of gastric mucosal phospholipids was reflected by the diet, but was not significantly different. The most significant finding of this study is that not only the absolute amount of linoleic acid, but also the $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratios are important factors for the prevention of gastric ulcer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.703-712
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• 1996

This study planned to compare the effects of source and amount of dietary n-3 fatty acid, tuna oil and perilla oil, on lipid metabolism and eicosanoids production in Spargue-Dawley strain male rats. Weaning rats were fed 5 different experimantal diets for 4 weeks. (S : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 50%, T1 : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 40%+tuna oil 10%, T2 : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 25%+tuna oil 25%, P1 : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 40%+perilla oil 10%, P2 : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 25%+perilla oil 25%) Food intake was higher in T2 group than in other groups, but body weight gain and food efficiency tate were not different among groups. Plasma total lipid and triglyceride were significantly lower in groups fed perilla oil as much as groups fed tuna oil than in S. But tuna oil reduced plasma cholesterol level more than perilla oil. Liver total lipid per unit, cholesterol and triglyceride were not affected by dietary fat sources. Peroxisomal $\beta$-oxidation was higher in T1 and T2 than in P1 and P2. Activities of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were lower in T1 and T2 than in group fed sesame oil only. Plasma TXB2 was affected by n-3 fatty acid consumption, and it was lower in perilla oil groups as much as tuna oil groups than in S. But 6-keto PGF1$\alpha$ was not different among experimental groups. The results of this study indicated that tuna oil and perilla oil both decreased plasma lipids, however, the mechanism may be different. And tuna oil and perilla oil had a similar effects on eicosanoids production.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.212-224
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• 2013

This study intends to clarify how Sayeok-tang(here in after reffered to SYT) affect C57BL/10 mice whose osteoarthritis was induced by papain. Osteoarthritis was induced by injecting papain in the knee joint of 3 groups(n=6) of mice. Normal group was non-treatment group and was not injected papain, whereas control mice were orally administered with $200{\mu}{\ell}$ of physiological saline. Positive comparison group was medicated with 100 mg/kg of Joins$^{(R)}$ mixed with $200{\mu}{\ell}$ of physiological saline. Experimental group was medicated with 400 mg/kg of SYT mixed with $200{\mu}{\ell}$ of physiological saline. Both Positive and experimental comparison groups were orally medicated once per day for 4 weeks. After the experiment, the functions of liver and kidney, inflammation cytokine values within serum, degree of revelation for inflammation cytokine genes, immune cells within blood, metabolism of arachidonic acid and amount of cartilage were measured and histopathological changes in the knee joint structures were observed. As results, SYT had no significant effect on the liver and kidney functions. Interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6(IL-6), monocyte chemo attractant protein-1(MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) were significantly decreased. Inflammation cytokines in joints were all significantly decreased. Prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, thromboxane $B_2(TXB_2)$ were significantly decreased. Destruction of cartilage on micro computed tomography(CT)-arthrography was meaningfully decreased. In terms of histopathology, infiltration of inflammation, proliferation of synovial membrane, subsidence of cartilage and bone due to penetration of excessive formation of synovial cell and destruction of cartilage were small. Based on all results mentioned above, Sayeok-tang(SYT) is believed to be meaningful for suppressing the progress of osteoarthritis and its treatments because of its anti-inflammatory effects and alleviation of pain with histopathological effective efficacy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2022

To evaluate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture treatment for primary dysmenorrhea (PD), a literature review of a randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed where electroacupuncture was used as a treatment intervention in patients diagnosed with PD. Relevant clinical studies (N = 226) were retrieved from multiple databases according to the study inclusion/exclusion criteria, and interventions and outcomes were analyzed. As a result of the review, there were 6 RCTs which met the criteria. In all 4 studies that measured pain indicators (visual analog scales), electroacupuncture showed significantly positive changes. In addition, positive changes were observed in most indicators (MMDQ, PGF2a, PGE2, 6-keto PGF1, TXB2, clinical efficacy score, uterine arterial blood flow parameters, and blood viscosity). 2 studies showed that electroacupuncture had a stronger therapeutic effect than NSAIDs. No major side effects were reported. Electroacupuncture may be an effective and safe treatment for PD however, further RCTs are required.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.167-170
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• 2004

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Moutan Cortex Radicis extracts and paeonol, a major component, on rabbit platelet aggregation and thromboxane (TX) $A_2$ formation. Moutan Cortex Radicis methanol and butanol layers (100 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed the weak inhibitions, and water layer (100 ${\mu}g/mL$) had no effect on the collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Whereas, hexane and EtOAc layers potently inhibited the collagen (3 ${\mu}g/mL$)-induced platelet aggregation with the $IC_{50}$ values of 10.9${\pm}$1.0 and 31.5${\pm}$0.8 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Paeonol isolated from the hexane-acetone layer specifically inhibited the collagen-induced platelet aggregation with the $IC_{50}$ value of 113.1 ${\pm}$ 0.9 ${\mu}M$, whereas it had little effects on the other agonists such as AA-, thrombin-, A23187- and thapsigargin-induced platelet aggregations. Paeonol also potently inhibited the collagen-induced TXB formation in rabbit platelet in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that paeonol may inhibit rabbit platelet aggregation by interfering with an essential step in collagen-induced platelet activation and $TXA_2$ formation. Paeonol may be a promising candidate for an antiplatelet agent.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-151
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the anti-thrombotic efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam(EGB)" currently used in clinical treatment of PID Methods: We studied inhibitory effect of platelet cohesion, suppressive effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity, inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PGE_2$ biosynthesis, and oxidative damage suppression effects of "EGB" in vitro. Also, suppression of pulmonary embolism and changes of related factors in dextran coagulation condition model were studied in vivo. Results: In this study, EGB extract showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet coagulation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, arachidonic acid. Also it showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities compared to the control group. EGB extract significantly suppressed the decrease of speed of bloodstream caused by blood coagulation in dextran coagulation condition model and increased the number of platelets and amount of fibrinogen, and decreased the APTT in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control group. EGB extract showed dose-dependent decrease of oxidative damages caused by DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, whereas dose-dependent increase of superoxide dismutase like activity was observed compared to the control group. Conclusion: We confirmed the anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidative efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam". Various clinical applications of "Eungapbang-gagam" as well as use of data for the construction of EBM is anticipated.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-52
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• 2012

To evaluate the efficacy of Keonkangbujatang (KKBT) in osteoarthritis treatments, C57BL/10 mice were treated with papain to induce osteoarthritis, and anti-arthritic effects were measured. To ensure safety of the KKBT sample, ALT, AST, BUN, and creatinine levels were measured, and they were all within the normal range. Based on the fact that suppression of inflammatory cytokines leads to the improvement of arthritis, IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, and MCP-1 production levels were measured. The cytokines were significantly decreased in serum. Also, mRNA levels of IL-1b, IL-6, and iNOS-II were significantly decreased in joint tissues. PGE2, a usual inflammation vector, and LTB4, TXB2, that are involved in the onset and deterioration of inflammation, were all significantly decreased. The levels of white blood cells, neutrophiles, and mononucleophiles also decreased, although the numbers were not significantly large. I*mmune-modulation of KKBT in the pathological mechanism of cartilage deterioration by inflammatory cells and their vectors was proved. This study should provide basis for the development of effective therapeutics as well as use in clinical practice.