• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion at SP6(Sanyinjiao) and BL28(Pangguanshu) on uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rats. Methods : To induce experimental acute renal failure, uranyl acetate was intraperitoneally injected to rats by 5mg/kg. 3 days later acupuncture and moxibustion treatment was done at SP6(Sanyinjiao) and BL28(Pangguanshu) bilaterally of the rats. And then 4 days later, we measured rats' body weight, kidney weight, serum BUN, creatinine and serum eletrolyte levels(Na, K and Cl). Results : In the moxibustion group, hypertrophy index of kidney and serum BUN level were decreased marginally significantly, and serum creatinine, K levels were decreased significantly. But in the acupuncture group, there was no significance at this experiment. Conclusions : SP6(Sanyinjiao) and BL28(Pangguanshu) moxibustion can decrease serum BUN, creatinine, and serum eletrolyte levels on uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rats. And the study will be done continuously about non-effect in the acupuncture group at this experiment.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this morphological studies was to investigate the relations between Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas of rats using peudorabies virus(PRV). Methods : We observed labeled neurons following the injection of PRV, Bartha strain, into the Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas of rats. After survival times of 4 days following the injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their spinal ganglia, spinal cord and brain stem were frozen sectioned($35{\mu}m$). These sections were strained by PRV immunohistchemical staining methods and observed with light microscope. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In the spinal ganglia, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas were observed in T10-13 dorsal root ganglia. 2. In the spinal cord, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas were lamina I, IV, V, VII, IX, X, intermediolateral nucleus(IML), intermediomedial nucleus(IMM) in thoracic segments. In lumbar segments, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neuron were lamina I, IV, V, VI, IX, X and IMM. In sacral segments, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neuron were lamina I, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X. 3. In the brain, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas were area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, caudoventrolateral reticular nu., medullary reticular nu., lateral paragigantocellular nu., C3 adrenalin cells, gigantocellular nu., raphe pallidus nu., raphe obscurus nu., ambiguus nu., raphe magnus nu., pontine reticular formation, A5 cell group, subcoeruleus nu., locus coeruleus, Barringnton's nu., $K{\ddot{o}}lliker$-Fuse nu., dorsal raphe nu., Edinger-Westphal nu., central gray matter, perifornical nu., dorsomedial hypothalamic nu., arcuate nu., lateral hypothalamic nu., paraventricular hypothalamic nu., hindlimb area. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that the interrelationship of meridian(spleen meridian), acupoints(Sp6 and Sp9) and viscera(pancreas) may be related the central autonomic centers.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2002

Objective : The effects of SP6(Sanyinjiao, 三陰交) acupuncture stimulation on bladder parasympathetic nerve activity (PNA), tibial nerve activity (TNA) as well as blood pressure were examined in anesthetized rats and the results are as follows. Methods : The parasympathetic nerve leading to the bladder was exposed retroperitoneally, and the tibial nerve in the hindlimb was exposed through inguinal area. PNA and TNA were recorded using a bipolar platinum-iridium wire electrode and it was connected to preamplifier. Blood pressure was measured using cannula that was inserted into femoral artery and was recorded with blood pressure sensor that is connected with transducer amplifier. The mean value of all parameters measured for 30 seconds before the stimulation was expressed as 100%. An acupuncture needle was inserted into the SP6 region to a depth of 4 mm. Results : Under intact state (IS), acupuncture stimulation for 120 seconds induced significant increase of PNA which was accompanied with decrease of blood pressure. At the same time, TNA showed temporary increase only with acupuncture stimulation. In 4 mg/kg of naloxone-administrated state (NAS), significant decrease of PNA was seen and it was accompanied with increase of blood pressure. TNA also showed temporary increase only with acupuncture stimulation under the NAS just like the IS. Conclusion : consider that SP6(Sanyinjiao, 三陰交) acupuncture stimulation activated parasympathetic nerve and caused vasodilation to lead into the diuresis, but naloxone reversed the effect of acupuncture for antidiuresis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at SP6(Sanyinjiao) on the temperature change of feet in healthy adults and evaluate whether SP6 has an effect on cold hypersensitivity of feet. Methods : Subjects of this study were 61 healthy adults consisting of 21 in the acupuncture treatment group, 21 in the moxibustion treatment group and 19 in the control group, selected at random. After starting the experiment, the subjects laid straight on their back and relaxed for 30 minutes. Pictures were then taken of their feet by DITI 3 times before and after treatment. The treatment was carried out by either 15 minutes of acupuncture or 2 pieces of moxibustion at SP6. Whilst the control group rested lying straight. After taking pictures the temperatures of LR2, GB42, ST42, KI1, center of the plantar, and center of the calcaneus were checked and the SPSS for Windows Version 20.0 was used to evaluate the statistical significance by the paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test(in group) and the Mann-Whitney U-test(between the groups). Results : Some temperature changes before and after treatment were observed in each of the 12 areas, most of which were not significant. But as a result of comparing the temperature difference of all the samples without dividing the area of each group, the mean temperatures in the acupuncture and moxibustion group were significantly elevated. A comparison between the groups showed the mean temperature of the acupuncture and moxibustion group to be significantly elevated, more so than the control group. Conclusion : The result of this study suggests acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at SP6 has the effect of the rising temperature of feet temporarily.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2001

This experimental studies was to investigate location of labeled neurons in CNS following injection of pseudorabies virus(PRV), Bartha strain, into the uterus and Sanyinjiao(Sp6) of rats. After survival times of 4-5 days following the injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their brain and spinal cord were frozen sectioned($30\mu\textrm{m}$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining methods, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the spinal cord, overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to uterus and Sp6 were observed in lamina VII, IX and X areas of cervical segments. In thoracic segments, overlap areas were observed in lamina IV, VII, X and intermediolateral n.. In lumbar segments, overlap area of PRV labeled neurons were observed in lamina I, V-VII, IX, X and intermediolateral n.. In sacral segments, overlap areas of PRY labeled neurons were observed in lamina N, V, VII, X and sacral parasympathetic n.. 2. In the brain, overlap areas of PR V labeled neurons projecting to the uterus and Sp6 were observed in lateral paragigantocellular n., rostroventrolateral reticular n., raphe obscurus n., raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., locus coeruleus n., Barrington's n., A5 cell group, central gray n., paraventricular hypothalamic n. and arcuate n. This results suggest that overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the uterus and Sp6 might be the first-order neurons related to the viscera-somatic sensory and sympathetic preganglionic neurons. PRV labeled neurons of the brain may be the second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle of uterus. These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory and motor system monitoring the internal environment. These overlap areas of spinal cord and brainmay be related to autonomic centers related to regulation of uterus.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.168-181
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• 2003

Objective: The neuroanatomical studies on the acupoints(Waiguan(SJ5), Neiguan(Pe6), Sanyinjiao(SP6) and Xuanzhong(GB39)) projecting to the brain area related to dimentia using the pseudorabies virus (PRV-Ba strain) in the mouse was described. Methods: The common locations of the brain projecting to the Waiguan, Neiguan, Sanyinjiao and Xuanzhong following injection of PRV-Ba were histochemically observed. The results were as follows Results : 1. PRV-Ba labeled areas in medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain were similar to 4 acupoints, theses areas were related to autonomic center. 2. PRV-Ba labeled areas in diencephalon and cebrebrum were differently labeled according to the acupoints. 3. CNS labeled areas in Waiguan were dense labeled in CA1-3 area of hippocampus, amygdaloid nucleus, insular cortex, parietal cortex, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, dorsal endopiriform cortex, piriform cortex, amygdalopiriform transition and bed n. of stria terminalis. 4. CNS labeled areas in Neiguan were dense labeled in insular cortex, amygdaloid nucleus, parietal cortex, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, dorsal endopiriform cortex, piriform cortex, amygdalopiriform transition and bed n. of stria terminalis. 5. CNS labeled areas in Sanyinjiao were dense labeled in CA1-3 of hippocampus, suprachiasmatic n., dorsal endopiriform cortex, piriform cortex and bed n. of stria terminalis. 6. CNS labeled areas in Xuanzhong were dense labeled in suprachiasmatic n., dorsal endopiriform cortex and piriform cortex. Conclusions : Following these results, labeled acupoints in brain areas related to dimentia are Waiguan and Neiguan. Common labeled areas are amygdaloid n., entorhinal cortex, amygdaopiriform transition, bed n. stria terminalis and perirhinal cortex.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of $SP_6$ moxibustion on the primary dysmenorrhea. Methods : The data was collected from subjects who was suffering for dysmenorrhea. The subjects were employed using Measure of Menstrual Pain(MMP) and Menstrual Symptom Severity List(MSSL) questionnaire. We treated the subjects with $SP_6$ moxibustion and measured Skin Resistance Variability(SRV) before and after treatment. The method of analysing data was paired t-test. Results : 1. $SP_6$ moxibustion produced a significant decrease in symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. Results : 2. The SRV of 2, 3 area was significanltly changed after $SP_6$ moxibustion. Conclusions : $SP_6$ moxibustion was effective in decreasing the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. The SRV results suggest that women with primary dysmenorrhea may have organic energy deficiency and functional abnormality of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovarian axis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.86-103
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• 2003

Objective : Recently, many studies have showed the evidences of the effect of the acupunture treatment through scientific methods. One of these methods is functional MRI. We performed electro-acupunture on Sp6 and observed the changes of brain activation using fMRI. Methods : To see the effect of electro-acupunture stimulation on Sp6, the experiment was carried out on 12 healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right Sp6, 2Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. The Image analysis including motion correction, talairach transformation, and smoothing was done with SPM99. Results : 1. Group averaged brain activation induced by bilateral eletro-acupunture stimulation on Sp6 activates Brodman Area 3, 7, 13. 2. Group averaged brain deactivation induced by bilateral eletro-acupunture stimulation on Sp6 activates Brodman Area 6, 38, 47. 3. Group averaged brain activation induced by unilateral(right side) eletro-acupunture stimulation on Sp6 activates Brodman Area 5, 6, 13, 17, 18, 19, 31, 38, 40 ptoms, back pain(32.5%) was the 4. Group averaged brain deactivation induced by unilateral(right side) eletro-acupunture stimulation on Sp6 activates Brodman Area 3, 4, 18, 21, 36, 38, 39. 5. Brain region activated by motor stimulation activates Brodman Area 3, 4, 6, 18, 19.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.279-285
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• 1998

Effects of acupuncture at Sanyinjiao(SP6) and Yanglingquan(GB34) on bone mineral sensity(BMD) was investigated in ovariectomized(OVX) rats. BMD of OVX rats was measured left femur and tibia 2 and 4 weeks after acupuncture stimulation, respectively. Compared with sham-operated rats, a significant decrease in spine, pelvic and left femoral and tibial BMD was observed 2 and 4 weeks after OVX, respectively. In contrast, a significant increase of spinal, pelvic and left femoral and tibial BMD was elicited 2 and/or 4 weeks after acupuncture stimulation, respectively. These results show the possibility that acupuncture can play a role of ameliorating osteoporosis by elevating serum levels of female hormones related with bone metabolism.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.187-199
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SP-6 Seoam pellet therapy given to female university students in terms of menstrual pain, menstrual distress, and ADL difficulties. Methods: This study used a pre-test, post-test design with a nonequivalent control group. The participants were 68 female students in two universities. The experimental group(n=34) received Seoam pellet therapy at Sanyinjiao while the control group(n=34) received sham therapy. Data were collected from Sep. 16 to Nov. 30, 2012. Severity of menstrual pain, menstrual distress, and difficulty of ADL were assessed prior to and following treatment. Independent t-test, $x^2$ test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for examination of group differences using the SPSS/WIN program. Results: Severity of menstrual pain (F=41.09, p<.001), menstrual distress (F=56.31, p<.001), and ADL difficulties (F=46.64, p<.001) showed a significant decrease in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results indicate that this Seoam pellet therapy is effective in reducing menstrual pain, menstrual distress, and difficulty of ADL. Therefore, use of this method is recommended for relief of menstrual pain and menstrual distress through self-care.