• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1996

In a two-way contingency table, the analyst is most interested in the hypotheses of either homogeneity or independence. For testing this as a null hypothesis, Pearson's ${\chi}^2$ statistic is most commonly used in practice. Once the null Hypothesis is rejected, he will further search forcells which caused the rejection of the null hypothesis. For this purpose, so called cell${\chi}^2$ components are used. In this paper, we derive the influence function of an obsevation to the ${\chi}^2$ statistic, with which cells with high influence can be identified.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2000

Objectives : When sweating factor is excluded, to know the influence of acupuncture stimulation on electrical resistance. Methods : Regional anaesthesia(Lidocane 2%, 1ml, Subcutaneous injection) is applied to measured regions, 4cm round area including left Neiguan P6. So we can make adiaphoresis. Before and after acupucnture stimulation to Laogong P8, we measured the electrical resistance of anesthetized left Neiguan P6, anesthetized non-acupoint, normal left Ximen P4, and normal right Neiguan P6. For measurment, we use the 1.2V, DC system that has 100$k{\Omega}$ internal resistance Results : Under the adiaphoresis, Acupuncture stimulation makes the significant decrease of electrical resistance. In normal regions, so does it. Conclusions : When the acupuncture stimulation is applied to human boby, the decrease of electrical resistance is due not only to sweat secretion but also to other internal resistance.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.563-576
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• 1998

To study the influences of the emission sources during lune 13∼15 1997 in Seoul, MESOPVFF II model has been used. The MESOPVFF II model includes terrain effects, chemical transformation and removal processes. Data of 20 surface meteorological stations and the upper air station on mid-west area in Korea were used as a DWM (Diagnostic Wind Model) input data. This model is likely to be applicable because the predicted SO2 concentration was well matched with measured 502 concentration in Seoul and Kyonggido. In generally air pollutants in Seoul have major influence on the other cities but the result of modeling appeared also air pollutants of the other cities influence on Seoul. Finally, in the case of calculating the air quality by diffusion model, the influences of air pollutants emitted in metropolitan area as well as the emission rate in modeling area should be considered.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.607-612
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• 2011

The occurrence of grape berry shattering and decay is influenced by the pre- and/or postharvest infection of decay organisms and pest. Postharvest infection is associated with physical damage due to rough handling. To control quality loss during storage of table grapes, the effects of slow releasing $SO^2$ pad on storability of 'Rosario Bianco' (Vitis vinifera) and 'Campbell Early' (Vitis labruscana) grapes were examined, respectively. The $SO^2$ concentration in package of tables grapes reached to at about 40 $ug{\cdot}L^{-1}$ after 40 days of treatment and remained more than 80 days above 15 $ug{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Decay was found in untreated 'Rosario Bianco' and 'Campbell Early' grapes at each for 44 and 85 days after storage, but not in $SO^2$ pad treated grapes. The storage potential of grape berries at $0^{\circ}C$ increased 2~3 times depending on cultivar by $SO^2$ pad treatment. The application of $SO^2$ pad is confirmed to be effective on the increase of market potential with minimizing quality loss such as berry shattering and decay.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1996

The catalysts composed of Pt, Pd and W as active-components, $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and $SiO_{2}$ as supports, were perpared on the honeycomb type substrate and characterized by BET, SEM, TGA, FT-IR and XRD for diesel emission control. CO, $C_{3}H_{6}$, and $SO_{2}$ oxidation was carried out over these catalysts in a fixed bed continuous flow reactor at the temperatures between 100-500.deg.C and reactant gas was composed of 10 vol.% $O_{2}$, 1 vol.% CO, 0.8 vol.% $C_{3}H_{6}$ and 88.2 vol.% $N_{2}$. It was found that under these experimental conditions, the CO, $C_{3}H_{6}$ oxidation activity of Pt-W catalyst was higher than that of any other prepared catalyst, and this catalyst had also a good inhibition effect on $SO_{2}$ oxidation. Also it was show that the influence of $SO_{2}$ on $Al_{2}O_{3}$ was more sever than that of $SO_{2}$ on $SiO_{2}$.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1995

As the energy consumption increases continuously, the emission amount of air pollutants is growing, and after all it can influence the global environment as welt as the regional atmosphere. So, the clean energy which emits less air pollutants should be developed and widely used to reduce emission of pollutants. Electricity, known for clean energy in the side of consumption, is not actually clean in the process of generation. Electric power is generated using fossil fuels which produce acidic gases like $SO_{2}$, $NO_{x}$, etc. The emission rates of $SO_{2}$, $NO_{x}$, $CO_{2}$ are 2g,0.78g and 1 l0g per electric power generating Ikwh. If one light(60 watt bulb) be turned off at each house for a month electricity will be saved about 1.Skillion kwh a year. This is almost the same as 4,170 tons of $SO_{2}$ and $NO_{x}$. As a result the economization of electricity will be one of the effective strategy to reduce the air pollution and to keep our life clean and comfortable.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2007

Mineral salts in medium usually profoundly influence microorganism growth and protein synthesis. In order to produce microbial transglutaminase (MTG) with a high yield from Streptoverticillium mobaraense, we screened the minerals $CaCl_2,\;CoCl_2,\;FeSO_4,\;ZnSO_4,\;MnSO_4\;and\;CuSO_4$ for MTG fermentation. The results indicated that appropriate $FeSO_4$ concentrations could significantly promote cell growth and stimulate the production of MTG. With 15 mg/L of $FeSO_4$ added to medium, 58% improvements were noted in MTG productivity (2.24 U/mL). NaCl, $CaCl_2,\;and\;CoCl_2$ enhanced MTG productivity by less than 15%, and the optimal concentrations were determined as 1 g/L, 2 g/L, and 30 mg/L respectively. Furthermore, it was determined that 7.5 mg/L of $ZnSO_4$ in medium could augment MTG productivity by 20% and induce the stationary phase for MTG production to a period 24 hr earlier. This basic and novel discovery should result in the development of a good complement to the previously defined culture media for MTG fermentation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to examine chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater and lake water near an area contaminated by petroleum and to evaluate influence of petroleum on them during the period from March to August 2011. In dry season, $Ca^{2+}$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ were dominant in the groundwater and lake water and $Ca^{2+}$ and $HCO{_3}^-$ were significant in wet season. ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$ of the groundwater and lake water were plotted near LMWL (${\delta}D=8.06{\delta}^{18}O+12.5$). ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$ of the lake water did not show seasonal variation. However, ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$ of the groundwater were enriched in wet season compared with those in dry season because of influence of small ponds around wells where evaporation losses were slightly experienced. Redox condition of most lake water was oxidation environment in contact with the atmosphere during the study period. However, redox condition of groundwater was transitional environment in dry season and oxidation environment in wet season because of influence of contaminant such as petroleum. In some groundwater, the concentrations of $NO{_3}^-$ in some groundwater were less than 1 mg/L because of denitrification. Also, $NO{_3}^-$ showed positive correlation with $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and weak negative correlation with $HCO{_3}^-$, because of influence of denitrification.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1118-1121
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• 1994

Reactions of alkaline metal carbonates with sulfur are investigated in detail. The evolution of CO and a trace of $SO_2$ were observed in the course of reaction with major component of polysulfides. Some evidences that the reaction proceeds with breaking of terminal sulfur-sulfur bond in the sulfur polymer, and forming CO, $SO_2$ and polysulfide are presented. Polysulfides have the role of keeping free sulfur and allow it to react with other chemicals to rather high temperatures.plexes, whereas the binuclear and mononuclear complexes of Mn$^{2+}$ and Co$^{2+}$

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2017

At high temperature, the roles of $NH_4$ and $H_2O$ in $(NH_4)_2Fe(SO_4)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ and $(NH_4)_2Zn(SO_4)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ single crystals were investigated using a pulse NMR spectrometer. Temperature was shown to have a significant influence, causing changes in the deformation of $NH_4$ and $H_2O$. From the $^1H$ NMR and $^{14}N$ NMR spectrum, the forms of environment surrounding $^{14}N$ in $NH_4$ groups is more important than the loss of $H_2O$ groups. NMR studies indicate that $NH_4{^+}$ ions in Tutton salts play an important role in the changes of the crystal structure at high temperatures.