• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2000

This study's purpose is the investigating the created liquid post-acid fermentation of usability of denitrification as exterior carbon sources by loading capacity of Organic matters. The time of acid fermentation of food waste, the slower loading capacity of organic matter, the faster decomposition fate, but the density of generation $VFA_S$ was weak and, $SBOD_5$ : ST-N rate and $SBOD_5/SCOD_{Cr}$ rate was low. Between TS and VS, VS was decreased to 6th day rast, and then was decreased slowly. Two days after stating the experiments, $SCOD_{Cr}$, $SBOD_5$, STOC and $VFA_S$ was decreased or increased slowly, and then increased fast. And after showing the highest density, it was tended to decreased fast. About 5 days after, because about 5 days later $CH_4$ bacteria activity due to the accumulation of $VFA_S$ was limited, $CH_4$ density was weak. When highest density in the acquisition of VFA, $R_1$ was $10,120mg/{\ell}$, $R_2$ was $11,380mg/{\ell}$, $R_3$was $13,720mg/{\ell}$. So $R_3$ only cut was highest generation. At the time of $SBOD_5$ with the highest density, at $SBOD_5$ : ST-N ratio, $R_1$ was 243:1, $R_2$ was 278:1, $R_3$ was 293:1. All of these were high $SBOD_5$ : ST-N ratios. And $R_3$ was the highest. After studying $SBOD_5$ : ST-N ratio and $SBCD_5/SCOD_{Cr}$ ratio, as a carbon source of biological denitrification it was profitable composition ratio.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the created liquid post-acid fermentation of usability of denitrification as exterior carbon sources by pH control. The time of acid fermentation of food waste, the slower loading capacity of organic matter, the faster decomposition rate, but the density of generation Volatile Fermentation Acids(VFAs), was weak and, $SBOD_{5}$ : ST-N rate and $SBOD_{5}/SCOD_{Cr}$ rate was low. Between TS and VS, VS was decreased to 4.5th day fast, and then was decreased slowly. 1.5 days after stating the experiments, $SCOD_{Cr}$, $SBOD_{5}$, STOC and $VFA_{s}$ was decreased of increased slowly, and then increased fast. And after showing the highest density, it was tended to decreased fast. At the time of $SBOD_{5}$ with the highest density, at $SBOD_{5}$ : ST-N ratio, $R_1$ was 303:1, $R_2$ was 319:1, $R_3$was the highest. After studying $SBOD_{5}$ : ST-N ratio and $SBOD_{5}/SCOD_{Cr}$ ratio, as a carbon source of biological denitrification it was profitable composition ratio.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1990

Laboratory methods commonly used today are biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and total organic carbon. Establishment of constant relationships among the various measures of organic content depends primarily on the nature of the wastewater and its source. Of all the measures, the most difficult to correlate to the others is the BODs test, because of the problems associated with biological tests. The results were summarized as follwos, 1. For typical municipal wastes, however, the SBOD$_{5}$/SCOD$_{cr}$ ratio varies from 0.14 to 0.34(mean 0.21), SBOD$_{5}$/STOC ratio varies from 0.35 to 1.19(mean 0.69) 2. Correlation analysis between the SBOD$_{5}$ and SCOD$_{cr}$ gave good correlation coefficient r = 0.903 and the equation Y = 3.756X + 16,221 was obtained. 3. The correlation between the SBOD$_{5}$ and STOC was well presented with equation : Y = 1,070X + 7,637, and also correlation coefficient r = 0.821 4. The correlation between the SCOD$_{cr}$ and STOC was well presented with equation : Y = 0.256X +5.513 and also correlation coefficient r = 0.816. 5. Because of the rapidity with which the TOC test can be conducted, it is anticipated that more use will be made of these tests in the future.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 생물학적 처리방법으로 염색폐수의 난분해성 유기물질을 효과적으로 처리하기 위한 방안으로 활성슬러지를 Polyethylene glycol(PEG)에 포괄고정화한 담체를 유동상 반응기를 이용하여 난분해성 유기물질의 처리효율을 평가하고 적정 운전인자를 검토하였다. 담체는 내경 4 mm${\times}$높이 4 mm의 원통형으로 미세공극을 가진 PEG재질의 담체를 제조하기 위해 PEG-prepolymer와 미생물을 젤 상태에서 혼합하여 고형화 시켰으며, 이때 담체에 사용된 미생물은 염색폐수에 순응시키지 않은 상태에서 합성되었다. 연속 호기성 유동상 반응기의 유입수는 $SCOD_{Cr}$ 약 330 mg/L, $SBOD_5$ 20 mg/L 이하의 생물학적 처리수를 사용하였고, 체류시간의 변화에 따른 각 반응기의 난분해성 유기물질 제거효율을 비교하였다 생물학적 처리수를 유입수로 하여 동일한 HRT로 운전한 결과 모든 조건에서 45% 이상의 유기물 제거효율을 보였으며, HRT 12 hr이 유기물 제거효율 등을 고려할 때 안정된 효율을 얻을 수 있는 적정 체류시간으로 판단되었다. 특히 기질환경의 변화에 따른 유기물 제거효율의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 생물학적 처리전의 처리장 유입폐수를 처리한 결과 $SCOD_{Cr}$ 70% 이상, $SBOD_5$ 97% 이상의 높은 처리효과를 나타내었다. 포괄고정화 담체를 이용한 염색폐수처리에서 유동상 반응기는 기존 활성슬러지 공정을 대신하거나 혼용하여 적용하는 것이 가능할 것으로 판단되어진다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2004

We found that the Bacterium Burkholderia cepacia in livestock wastewater treatment plant was predominant species. We investigated the growth rate of this and treatment characteristics for organic matter and nitrogen removal in livestock wastewater using this microorganism. First, we cultured B. cepacia. And then, to conducted treatment for livestock wastewater by using B. cepacia., we changed C/N from 0.2~4.4. When we operated A and B process, changing F/M ratio from 1.2 to 4.4. In experiment of C/N variations, when C/N was 1.8, we found that the optimal condition for organic matter and nutrient removal effect was higher and the removal efficiency of $SCOD_{cr}$, $SBOD_5$,$NH_4-N$ was 78.4%, 95% and 74.8%. So, It is possible to treat the wastewater having the lower C/N contents such as livestock wastewater using this microorganism. In experiment of A and B process for livestock wastewater, we found that the removal efficiency of organic matter and nitrogen in operating mode of A process was higher than that of B process. Also, the optimal F/M operating A process was 0.013 and the removal efficiency of $SBOD_5$, $SCOD_{cr}$, TN and TP were 97%, 60%, 95% and 91%.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2016

본 연구는 하수와 연계처리 되고 있는 분뇨의 유기물부하를 저감시킬 수 있는 전처리기술로서 마이크로버블을 이용하여 OH radical에 의한 유기물 산화 및 부유물질 저감 효과를 검토하였다. 가압식 마이크로버블 발생장치를 이용하여 생분뇨를 4시간의 HRT로 3개월간 연속 실험하였다. 마이크로버블을 이용하여 분뇨를 부상처리할 경우 SS 제거율은 평균 71.0%이었으며, 부상분리에 의한 스컴 및 고형물질이 제거됨에 따라 $TCOD_{Cr}$, TBOD, 총질소, 총인의 제거율은 각각 평균 51.5%, 47.9%, 17.1%, 14.7%로 나타났다. OH radical에 의한 용존성 유기물질의 분해능을 검토한 결과, $SCOD_{Cr}$의 경우 평균 25.0% 제거되었고 SBOD의 경우 평균 17.1% 제거되었다. 용존성 질소와 인은 각각 평균 11.9% 및 7.4% 정도 제거됨으로써 수중에서 마이크로버블이 소멸되면서 발생되는 OH radical의 강력한 산화력에 의하여 용존성 유기물질들이 제거됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 분뇨처리공정 전단부에 마이크로버블 부상조를 설치할 경우 부상분리에 의한 고형물 제거는 물론 용존성 유기물질의 산화에 의하여 후속 생물학적 처리시설의 안정적 운영에 충분한 기여를 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2005

섬유 염색폐수는 PVA, 유기정련제, 각종 염료 등이 함유되어 있어 처리가 매우 어려운 난분해성 유기폐수로 분류되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 생물학적 처리방법으로 염색폐수의 난분해성 유기물질을 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 방안으로 활성슬러지를 PEG(Polyethylene glycol)에 포괄고정화한 담체를 고정상 반응기를 이용한 공정에 적용시켜 난분해성 유기물질의 처리효율을 평가하고 적정 운전인자를 검토하였다. 별도로 적응과정을 거치지 않은 활성슬러지를 고정화한 담체를 고정상 반응기에 충전하여 호기성 상태에서 연속식으로 운전하였다. 이때 유입수는 $SCODE_{Cr}$ 약 330 mg/L, $SBOD_5$ 20 mg/L 이하의 생물학적 1차 처리수를 사용하였다. 체류시간의 변화에 따른 각 반응기의 난분해성 유기물질 제거효율을 비교한 결과 EBCT 6 hr을 제외하고는 모두 50% 이상의 유기물($CODE_{Cr}$) 제거효율을 보였고 $COD_{Mn}$의 경우 배출허용기준치 90 mg/L보다 평균 18 mg/L 이상 낮았다. EBCT $6{\sim}24\;hr$ 결과들을 비교한 결과 EBCT 8 hr이 유기물 제거효율과 배출허용기준을 고려할 때 경제적이고 안정된 효율을 얻을 수 있는 적정 체류시간으로 나타났다. 또한 반응기에 충분한 DO를 공급하기 위하여는 주입공기 선속도를 $7\;m^3/m^2{\cdot}hr$ 이상으로 해 주어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 담체내부 미생물을 동정한 결과 PAH, PVA, Phenol 등 난분해성 물질을 분해하는 균주가 성장하고 있었다. 한편, 고정화담체를 131일에 걸쳐 관찰한 결과 압축강도와 담체내부로의 물질확산에 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 포괄고정화 담체를 이용한 염색폐수처리에서 고정상 반응기는 기존 활성슬러지 공정의 후처리로서 적용 가능할 것으로 판단되어진다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2005

Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants are mostly based on biological treatment, in which large amounts of excess sludge are generated and occupy about 40 ~ 60% of the total sewage treatment costs. Several methods for sludge treatment has been so far reported as upgrading biodegradation of sludge; heat treatment, chemical treatment, including thermo-alkali and ozone, mechanical treatment including ultrasonic pulverization. But, it has a limitation in case of reducing the amount of excess sludge which are already producted. In this study, application of excess sludge reduction process using thermophilic aerobic bacteria for activated sludge was examined. The research was carried out two different stage. one for a biological wastewater treatment and the other for a thermophilic aerobic solubilization of the waste sludge. A portion of excess sludge from the wastewater treatment step was into the thermophilic aerobic sludge solubilization reactor, in which the injected sludge was solubilized by thermophilic aerobic bacteria. The solubilized sludge was returned to the aeration tank in the wastewater treatment step for its further degradation. Sludge solubilization reactor was operated at $63{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 1.5 ~ 1.7 day. Control group was operated with activated sludge process(AS) and experiment group was operated with three conditions(RUN 1, RUN 2, RUN3). RUN 1 was operated with AS without sludge solubilization reactor. RUN 2 were operated with AS with sludge solubilization reactor to examine correlation between sludge circulation ratio and sludge reduction ratio by setting up sludge circulation ratio to 3. RUN 3 was operated with sludge circulation ratio of 3 and MLSS concentration of 1,700~2,000mg/L to examine optimum operation condition. The quantity of excess sludge production was reduced sharply and in operation of RUN 3, sludge The quantity of excess sludge production was reduced sharply and in operation of RUN 3, sludge solubilization ratio and sludge reduction ratio were 53. 7%, 95.2% respectively. After steady state operation, average concentration of TBOD, SBOD, $TCOD_{Cr}$, $SCOD_{Cr}$, TSS, VSS, T-N, T-P of effluent were 4.5, 1.7, 27 .8, 13.8, 8.1, 6.2, 15.1, 1.8mg/L in the control group and were 5.6, 2.0, 28.6, 19.1, 9.7, 7.2, 16.1, 2.0mg/L in the experimental group respectively. They were appropriate to effluent standard of Sewage Treatment Plants.