• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.390-395
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nocturnal light pulses (NLPs) on the feed intake and metabolic rate in geese. Fourteen adult Chinese geese were penned individually, and randomly assigned to either the C (control) or NLP group. The C group was exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod (12 h light and 12 h darkness per day), whereas the NLP group was exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod inserted by 15-min lighting at 2-h intervals in the scotophase. The weight of the feed was automatically recorded at 1-min intervals for 1 wk. The fasting carbon dioxide production rate ($CO_2$ PR) was recorded at 1-min intervals for 1 d. The results revealed that neither the daily feed intake nor the feed intakes during both the daytime and nighttime were affected by photoperiodic regimen, and the feed intake during the daytime did not differ from that during the nighttime. The photoperiodic treatment did not affect the time distribution of feed intake. However, NLPs lowered (p<0.05) the mean and minimal $CO_2$ PR during both the daytime and nighttime. Both the mean and minimal $CO_2$ PR during the daytime were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those during the nighttime. We concluded that NLPs lowered metabolic rate of the geese, but did not affect the feed intake; both the mean and minimal $CO_2$ PR were higher during the daytime than during the nighttime.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2002

The electrical and dielectric behavior fort DC accelerated aging stress of P $r_{6}$ $O_{11}$-based Zno varistors cnsisting of ZnO-P $r_{6}$ $O_{11}$-CoO-C $r_2$ $O_3$-E $r_2$ $O_3$ were investigated with sintering temperature in the range of 1325~1345$^{\circ}C$. The varistor ceramics with increasing sintering temperature were more densified. A more densified varistors leaded to high stability for DC accelerated aging stress. Furthermore, the stability for DC accelerated aging stress was increased with the leakage current and dtan $\delta$/dV decreasing in order of 1325longrightarrow1335longrightarrow1345longrightarrow134$0^{\circ}C$ in sintering temperature. It was found that the stability for DC stress is affected more greatly by the leakage current and dtan $\delta$/dV than the densification. It is considered that the stability of varistors for DC stress can be estimated by considering the factors, such as the densification, leakage current, and dtan $\delta$/dV. As a result, the varistor sintered at 134$0^{\circ}C$ exhibited the highest stability, with %$\Delta$ $V_{lmA}$=-1.54%, %$\Delta$$\alpha$=-2.49%, %$\Delta$ $I_{\ell}$=+240.68%, 5%$\Delta$tan$\delta$=+29.96%.96%.96%.%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2005

This research was conducted to investigate the changes in soil chemical properties of root media as influenced by incorporation rate of a polyacryl amide hydrogel, Stocksorb C. The pH at 5 weeks after treatment in four root media such as peatmoss + vermiculite (1:1, v/v; PV), peatmoss + composted rice hull (1:1; PR), peatmoss + composted saw dust (1:1; PD) and peatmoss + composted pine bark (1:1; PB) containing STSB were in the range from 7.04 to 7.30, which was too high. Elevated incorporation rate of STSB resulted in increase of EC in soil solution of four root media with linear and quadratic response. The concentrations of $NH_4^+-N,\;NO_3^--N,\;PO_4-P^{3-},\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+}and\;Mg^{2+}$ in four kinds of root media increased as incorporation rates of STSB were elevated. But the $NO_3^-$-N concentrations in PS media were lower than those in other there root media tested. The Fe concentrations in PV, PR and PS media increased as incorporation rates of STSB were elevated, but those in PB medium did not show significant different. The concentrations of $Fe^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}and\;Cu^{2+}$ in PS media were higher than those in other three root media.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.1 s.26
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• pp.51-56
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• 1980

Phytolaccae Radix (PR), Brunella Herba (BH), Akebiae Lignum (AL) and Atractylis Rhizoma (AR) are some of the diuretic agents used in Chinese medicine and folk remedy. Water or methanol extracts of them (100mg/kg) were intravenously injected to rabbits in order to re-evaluate the effects on renal function. PR water extract elicited moderate diuresis while water extracts of BH, AL and methanol extract of AR had antidiuretic effects. Influence of PR on renal hemodynamics and $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity in rabbit kidney were observed in vivo and in vitro. The results were as follows: 1) Clearances of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid increased significantly after 15 minutes following the administration of PR water extract, but Na+ reabsorption rate was not changed. 2) The increase of $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity in renal cortex, outer and inner medulla was observed at 15 minutes after PR water fraction was given intravenously, and the change was most prominent in cortical area. 3) More than 50% of decrease in $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity in renal tissues was observed with PR water fraction $(10^{-2}g/ml)$ in vitro experiments. However, the inhibition of $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity was reversed with lower concentrations $(10^{-4}g/ml,\;10^{-6}g/ml)$ of PR water fraction in outer and inner medullary zone. These results suggest the diuretic effect of PR is due to improved renal hemodynamics, and contradictory reults concerning $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity require further investigation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2165-2182
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• 2017

Let G be a group and $\mathbb{C}$ the field of complex numbers. Suppose ${\sigma}:G{\rightarrow}G$ is an endomorphism satisfying ${{\sigma}}({{\sigma}}(x))=x$ for all x in G. In this paper, we first determine the central solution, f : G or $G{\times}G{\rightarrow}\mathbb{C}$, of the functional equation $f(xy)+f({\sigma}(y)x)=2f(x)+2f(y)$ for all $x,y{\in}G$, which is a variant of the quadratic functional equation. Using the central solution of this functional equation, we determine the general solution of the functional equation f(pr, qs) + f(sp, rq) = 2f(p, q) + 2f(r, s) for all $p,q,r,s{\in}G$, which is a variant of the equation f(pr, qs) + f(ps, qr) = 2f(p, q) + 2f(r, s) studied by Chung, Kannappan, Ng and Sahoo in [3] (see also [16]). Finally, we determine the solutions of this equation on the free groups generated by one element, the cyclic groups of order m, the symmetric groups of order m, and the dihedral groups of order 2m for $m{\geq}2$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.873-877
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• 2012

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules characterized by their regulatory roles in cancer and gene expression. We analyzed the expression of miR-21, miR-205, and miR-342 in 59 patients with breast cancer. Samples were divided into three different groups according to their immunohistochemistry (IHC) classification: ER- positive and/or PR-positive group ($ER^+$ and/or $PR^+$; group I); HER2-positive group ($HER^{2+}$; group II); and ER/ PR/ HER2- negative ($ER^-$/ $PR^-$/ $HER^{2-}$; group III) as the triple negative group. The expression levels of the 3 miRNAs were analyzed in the tumor samples and the compared with the normal neighboring dissected tumor (NNDT) samples in all three groups. The expression of miR-21 was similar in all three groups. In patients positive for P53 by IHC, positive for axillary lymph node metastasis and higher tumor stages, it appeared to have significantly elevated. However, significant increase was not found among the 18 fibroadenoma samples. Both miR-205 and miR-342 expressions were significantly down regulated in group III. We conclude that miR-21 does not discriminate between different breast cancer groups. In contrast, miR-205 and miR-342 may be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of triple negative breast cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 1990

The purpose of the present study was to examine the hemodynamic responses, especially in arterial and skin blood flows, in conjunction with the changes of plasma catecholamine levels as an indirect marker of adrenergic tone during the early stage of head-down tilt (HDT), and to evaluate the early physiological regulatory mechanism in simulated weightlessness. Ten mongrel dogs, weighing8\;{\sim}\;14\;kg, were intravenously anesthetized with nembutal, and postural changes were performed by using the tilting table. The postural changes were performed in the following order: supine, prone, HDT $(-6^{\circ}C)$ and lastly recovery prone position. The duration of each position was 30 minutes. The measurements were made before, during and after each postural change. The arterial blood flow $({\.{Q}})$ at the left common carotid and right brachial arteries was measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter. Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured by pressure transducer in the left brachial artery. To evaluate the peripheral blood flow, skin blood flow $({\.{Q}})$ was calculated by the percent changes of photoelectric pulse amplitude on the forepaw, and skin temperature was recorded. The peripheral vascular resistance (PR) was calculated by dividing respective mean BP values by ${\.{Q}}$ of both sides of common carotid and brachial arteries. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f) and PH, $Po_{2},\;Pco_{2}$ and hematocrit of arterial and venous blood were also measured. The concentration of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine was measured by radioenzymatic method. The results are summarized as follows: Tilting to head-down position from prone position, HR was initially increased (p<0.05) and BP was not significantly changed. While ${\.{Q}}$ of the common carotid artery was decreased (p<0.05) and PR through the head was increased, ${\.{Q}}$ of the brachial artery was increased (p<0.05) and PR through forelimbs was decreased. ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw was initially increased (p<0.05) and then slightly decreased, on the whole revealing an increasing trend. Plasma norepinephrine was slightly decreased and the epinephrine was slightly increased. f was increased and arterial pH was increased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the central blood pooling during HDT shows an increased HR via Bainbridge reflex and an increased ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw and brachial ${\.{Q}}$, due to decreased PR which may be originated from the depressor reflex of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. It is suggested that the blood flow to the brain was adequately regulated throughout HDT $(-6^{\circ}C)$ in spite of central blood pooling. And it is apparent that the changes of plasma norepinephrine level are inversely proportional to those of ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw, and the changes of epinephrine level are paralleled with those of the brachial ${\.{Q}}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1162-1166
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• 1997

Nature of palladium(Ⅱ) complexes with 7-membered chelates was studied by experimental and theoretical methods on a Pd(L)Cl2 system, where L is Ph2PNHCH2CH2NHPPh2(L1), Ph2PNHC6H4NHPPh2(L2). The palladium(Ⅱ) complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Ab initio calculations with geometry optimizations were also performed for related model systems, Pd(L)Cl2; L=R2PNH(CH2)2NHPR2(L3), R2PNHC6H4NHPR2(L4), R2P(CH2)4PR2(L5), R2PCH2(C6H4)CH2PR2(L6); R=H, CH3.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

Based on surrogate model, a hydrocarbon mixture was analyzed by visualizing the impinging break up mechanism in subcritical and supercritical conditions. Decane and methylcyclohexane with different critical pressures and temperatures were selected as experimental fluids. The impinging injector was installed inside the chamber, and the spray was visualized through a speed camera in subcritical and supercritical conditions. The injection condition of the mixture and chamber was kept constant at Pr(P/P_c) = 1, and Tr(T/T_c) was increased from 0.48 to 1.02. As Tr increased, the spray angle increased, and the sheet length decreased as the properties of the mixture reached each critical point. In addition, when the mixture approached the near critical point, it was shown that the change in density gradient was largely observed out of the impinging break up mechanism.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.669-673
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• 1993

The CO substitution reactions of the complex, $Cp(S-2,4-Me_2C_5H_5)CrCo$ with $PR_3(PR_3=PMePh_2,\;P(OCH_3)_3,\;PMe_2Ph)$ were investigated spectrophotometrically at various temperatures. From the reaction rates, it was suggested that the CO substitution reaction took place by first-order (dissociative) pathway. Activation parameters in decaline were ${\Delta}H^{\neq}\;=\;22.0\;kcal{\cdot}mol^{-1}$, ${\Delta}S^{\neq}=\;-3.8cal{\cdot}mol^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$. Unusually low value of ${\Delta}S{\neq}$ suggests an ${\eta}^5-S{\to}{\eta}^5-U$ conversion of the pentadienyl ligand. This suggestion was confirmed by the Extended-Huckel molecular orbital (EHMO) calculations, which revealed that the total energy of $Cp(S-2,4-Me_2C_5H_5$)CrCO is about 0.42 kcal/mol more lower than that of $Cp(U-2,4-Me_2C_5H_5)CrCO$ and the energy of $[Cp(U-2,4-Me_2C_5H_5)Cr{\cdots}CO]^{\neq} $ transition state is about 2.43 kcal/mol lower than that of $[Cp(S-2,4-Me_2C_5H_5)Cr{\cdots}CO]^{\neq}$ transition state.