• 환경영향평가
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2021

경기도 도시대기측정망의 시간별 PM₁₀과 PM_2.5 농도에 대하여 측정소별로 상관성을 분석하여 측정소별 미세먼지 농도자료의 유사성을 파악해보았다. 미세먼지 경보제를 위해 사용되고 있는 기존의 권역구분을 그대로 이용했을 때, 동일한 권역 내의 측정소들은 PM₁₀의 경우 0.68, PM_2.5는 0.70 이상의 피어슨 상관계수 값을 보였으나, 일부 측정소는 타 권역과 높은 상관성(예, 0.80 이상)을 보여주고 있었다. 또한, 현재 구분하고 있는 권역은 주로 고농도 사례 횟수에 따른 군집분석 결과와 지리적 요인 등을 복합적으로 고려하여 결정된 것이므로, 미세먼지 관리를 위해서는 농도 특성에 따라 권역을 재분류할 필요성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다차원척도법을 이용하여 미세먼지의 시간별 농도변화와 지역별 배출 기여율을 고려한 재범주화를 진행할 수 있었고, 이를 시각적으로 도시화할 수 있었다. 그 결과, PM₁₀은 5개의 권역으로 분류되고, PM_2.5는 4개의 권역으로 구분되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 원하는 시간과 장소에서 데이터 수집이 용이한 드론에 미세먼지 측정 센서를 부착하여 3가지 측정환경인 건설현장, 자연환경(수목원), 주거지역에서 고도(30m, 60m, 90m, 120m, 150m)에 따른 미세먼지 농도를 측정하고 비교하였다. 건설현장 30m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 각각 18.63㎍/㎥, 24.23㎍/㎥, 150m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 각각 10.89㎍/㎥, 10.61㎍/㎥로 고도가 높아질수록 평균 농도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 자연환경(수목원) 30m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 각각 9.03㎍/㎥, 11.21㎍/㎥, 150m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 각각 3.42㎍/㎥, 3.57㎍/㎥로 고도가 높아질수록 평균 농도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으나, 모든 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. 주거지역 30m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정결과는 각각 10.65㎍/㎥, 12.06㎍/㎥, 150m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀의 측정값은 각각 4.24㎍/㎥, 5.17㎍/㎥로 고도가 높아질수록 대체적으로 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀농도가 낮아짐을 확인하였다. 주거지역의 경우 건설현장이나 수목원에 비해 교통량이 많은 도로에 인접해 있어 PM_2.5의 농도가 PM₁₀의 농도보다 높게 나온 것으로 사료된다. 세 대상지 모두 고도가 상승할수록 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀의 농도가 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 또한, 건설현장, 주거지역, 자연환경(수목원) 순으로 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀의 농도가 높은 것으로 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 토지이용별로 미세먼지 농도값을 고도별로 측정하였다는데 의의가 있으며, 지역계획이나 도시계획 등에서 중요한 공간의사결정 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between fine dust(PM10.5, PM2.5) and the number of acute/chronic sinusitis patients. Methods : A simple regression analysis was performed based on the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 as independent variables and the number of acute/chronic sinusitis patients as dependent variables. Results : As a result of simple regression analysis, if PM10 increases by $1{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of acute sinusitis patients increases by 7,000.291(P<.001, 95%CI :4,951.983-9,048.600). If PM2.5 increases by $1{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of acute sinusitis patients increases by 17,524.476.(P<.001, 95%CI:9,728.725-25,320.228) In addition, PM10 increases by $1{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of acute sinusitis patients increases by 3,163.471 (P<.001, 95% CI:2,268.642-4,058.301). If PM2.5 increases by $1{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of chronic sinusitis patients increases by 8,651.644.(P<.001, 95%CI:5,115.697-12,187.592) Conclusions : Both PM10 and PM2.5 are correlated with changes in the number of sinusitis patients. PM2.5 has effect on the number of patients than PM10. PM10 is the highest correlation in their 50s, PM2.5 in their 60s and 70s.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2009

Under-fired charbroiling cooking processes are known as important contributors of particulate matter (PM). In this study, we characterized the emission of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking processes using the hood method. Accumulated mass concentration of $PM_{10}$ was 92.2~99.5% and particle size of 2.0~2.5 ${\mu}m$ was highest. The concentration of PM increased very sharply at the beginning of charbroiling meats and then gradually decreased as the charbroiling continued. PM concentration also increased very sharply when gravy from meat spilled onto the frame of fire. However, mass concentration during charbroiling using only charcoals was very low compared to that of meats. We estimated the emission factors of charcoal, pork belly and pork shoulder respectively; 0.01~0.02 g/kg, 5.02~6.26 g/kg, 2.86~4.15 g/kg of $PM_{2.5}$, 0.01~0.03 g/kg, 7.44~7.91 g/kg, 4.54~5.56 g/kg of $PM_{10}$, and 0.02~0.05 g/kg, 7.59~7.95 g/kg, 4.93~5.68 g/kg of TSP. The emission factors of charcoal were negligible and the emission factors of pork belly were higher than that of pork shoulder. Emission rates of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking process were estimated as 578,009~1,265,152 kg/yr of $PM_{2.5}$, 917,539~1,598,619 kg/yr of $PM_{10}$ and 996.358~1,606,703 kg/yr of TSP. But emission factors should be verified with an in-stack cascade impactor because the reported method involves some assumptions.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.380-391
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess airborne particulate matter pollution and its effect on health of residents living near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and its vicinities. Also, this study measured and analyzed the concentration of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals which influences on the environmental and respiratory disease in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex, Daegu, Korea. Methods: In this study, we analyzed various environmental pollutants such as particulate matter and heavy metals from Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex that adversely affected local residents's health. In particular, we verified the concentration distribution and characteristics of exposure for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ among particulate matters, and heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Mg). In that regard, the official test method on air pollution in Korea for analysis of particulate matter and heavy metal in atmosphere were conducted. The large capacity air sampling method by the official test method on air pollution in Korea were applied for sampling of heavy metals in atmosphere. In addition, we evaluated the concentration of seasonal environmental pollutants for each point of residence in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and surrounding area. The sampling measured periods for air pollutants were from August 11, 2013 to February 21, 2014. Furthermore, we measured and analyzed the seasonal concentrations(summer, autumn and winter). Results: The average concentration for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ by direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.7, 1.4 and 1.9 times higher than reference region. In analysis results of seasonal concentrations for particulate matter in four direct influence and reference area, concentration levels for winter were generally somewhat higher than concentrations for summer and autumn. The average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were $0.0008{\pm}0.0004{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0141{\pm}0.0163{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0248{\pm}0.0059{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0026{\pm}0.0011{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0272{\pm}0.0084{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.4855{\pm}0.1862{\mu}g/Sm^3$, and $0.3068{\pm}0.0631{\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. In particularly, the average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.9, 3.6, 2.1, 1.9, 1.4, 2.6, and 1.2 times higher than reference area, respectively. The continuous monitoring and management were required for some heavy metals such as Cr and Ni. Moreover, the average concentration in winter for particulate matter in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were generally higher than concentrations in summer and autumn. Also, average concentrations for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ were from 1.5 to 2.0 times, 1.2 to 1.8 times, and 1.1 to 2.3 times higher than reference area, respectively. In results for seasonal atmospheric environment, TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metal concentrations in direct influence area were higher than reference area. Especially, the concentrations in C station were a high level in comparison with other area. Conclusions: In the results, some particulate matters and heavy metals were relatively high concentration, in order to understand the environmental pollution level and health effect in surrounding area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex. The concentration of some heavy metals emitted from direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were relatively higher than reference area. In particular, average concentration for heavy metals in this study were higher than average concentrations in air quality monitoring station for heavy metal for 7 years in Deagu metropolitan region. Especially, the residents near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex may be exposed to the pollutants(TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals, etc) emitted from the factories in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2011

머루와인의 pH는 $3.7{\pm}0.1$, 총 안토시아닌 함량은 $4.3{\pm}0.3$, 색도는 $10.2{\pm}0.8$이었으며, 총 페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량은 각각 $18.8{\pm}3.9$ mg/100 g, $0.5{\pm}0.2$ mg/100 g이었다. 무기질은 총 10종이 검출되었으며, 특히 K의 함량이 $5.3{\pm}0.2$ mg/100 g으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 전자공여능을 측정한 결과, 1,000 ${\mu}L/mL$의 농도에서 $90.4{\pm}1.8%$로 가장 활성이 뛰어났으며, 환원력을 측정한 결과, 농도가 1,000 ${\mu}L/mL$일 때 환원력은 0.932를 나타내었다. 그리고 아질산염에 대한 소거능을 측정한 결과, pH 1.2의 조건일 때 1,000 ${\mu}L/mL$의 농도에서 $76.3{\pm}1.3%$로 가장 뛰어난 소거능을 보였다. 머루와인의 농도가 증가함에 따라 실험 결과는 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics of semen such as semen volume, pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the semen collected from Shih Tzu dogs (age of 24 to 48 months, weight of 4 to 8 kg) by using the method of digital manipulation of the penis. The effect of preservation temperature and time on motility of fresh semen was also investigated in the present study. Semen was collected for 16 times from 4 male Shih Tzu dogs by multiple ejaculations (four times ejaculation per dog). The average of semen volume, semen pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the second fraction containing small volume of the initial third fraction per ejaculation were $2.11{\pm}0.31$ ml, $6.25{\pm}0.07$, $97.59{\pm}1.03%$ and $2.05{\pm}0.14{\times}10^8$ cells/ml, respectively. Average semen volume per ejaculate, semen pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the first fraction from the ejaculation were $1.12{\pm}0.15$ ml, $5.99{\pm}0.14$, $16.09{\pm}6.18%$ and $5.16{\pm}2.03{\times}10^5$ cells/ml, respectively. Those of second fraction were $2.07{\pm}0.29$ ml, $6.36{\pm}0.13$, $97.31{\pm}1.36%$ and $2.15{\pm}0.30{\times}10^8$ cells/ml, respectively. Those of third fraction were $2.60{\pm}0.29$ ml, $6.63{\pm}0.08$, $95.72{\pm}1.61%$ and $6.03{\pm}1.83{\times}10^7$ cells/ml, respectively. Sperm motility was significantly higher at $17^{\circ}C$ preservation temperature than at $5^{\circ}C$ or $36^{\circ}C$ during preservation period except 1 h preservation (P<0.05). When preservation temperature was $17^{\circ}C$, sperm motility was $96.69{\pm}1.49%$ at 1 h, $91.38{\pm}1.90%$ at 6 h, $88.38{\pm}2.34%$ at 12 h, $78.13{\pm}4.58%$ at 18 h, $58.44{\pm}8.57%$ at 24 h and $29.56{\pm}5.06%$ at 30 h, respectively.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the concentrations of TSP, PM10 and heavy metals(Pb, Cd,Hg, Ni, Zn) of underground parking lots in Taegu city. The samples were collected from 3 department stores and 1 central park in the winter and the summer, 1997. The samples of 3 department stores were divided into sale period and non-sale period in the winter and the summer. The concentrations of TSP and PM10 were 109.6±1.5㎍/㎥ and 93.3±1.5㎍/㎥. In TSP, the zinc was the highest level, 287.16±1.5ng/㎥ and the cadmium was the lowest, 2.4±2.1ng/㎥ and in PM10, the zinc was the highest level, 193.6±1.5ng/㎥ and the cadmium was the lowest, 0.6±3.9ng/㎥. The correlation coefficient between the concentration of TSP and PM10 was 0.982(p<0.05). The correlation coefficients of corresponding heavy metal in TSP and PM10 were 0.863 for lead, 0.617 for mercury, 0.890 for nickel and 0.850 for zinc(p<0.05). The concentrations of TSP, PM10 and cadmium of PM10 in the winter were higher than those of the summer. However, the concentration of Hg of PM10 in the summer was higher than that of the winter. The concentrations of TSP and PM10 in sale period was higher than those of non-sale period and the concentrations of heavy metal in TSP and PM10 were not significantly different between sale and non-sale period. The proportions of PM10 to TSP were above 60% in dust, lead, nickel, and zinc and less than 40% in cadmium and mercury. The concentrations of TSP, PM10 and heavy metal in the underground parking lots were comparatively lower than those of general atmosphere. However, this kind of research to PM10 in the underground parking lots must be continued because it is very important particulate matter that affects human beng's health.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.6-15
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• 2024

Background: People's activities have been restricted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes in activity patterns may lead to a decrease in fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentrations. Additionally, the level of population exposure to PM_2.5 may be changed. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the impact of population movement and meteorological factors on the distribution of PM_2.5 concentrations before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods: The study area was Guro-gu in Seoul. The research period was selected as January to March 2020, a period of significant population movement changes caused by COVID-19. The evaluation of the dynamic population was conducted by calculating the absolute difference in population numbers between consecutive hours and comparing them to determine the daily average. Ambient PM_2.5 concentrations were estimated for each grid using ordinary kriging in Python. For the population exposure assessment, the population-weighted average concentration was calculated by determining the indoor to outdoor population for each grid and applying the indoor to outdoor ratio to the ambient PM_2.5 concentration. To assess the factors influencing changes in the ambient PM_2.5 concentration, a statistical analysis was conducted, incorporating population mobility and meteorological factors. Results: Through statistical analysis, the correlation between ambient PM_2.5 concentration and population movement was positive on both weekends and weekdays (r=0.71, r=0.266). The results confirmed that most of the relationships were positive, suggesting that a decrease in human activity can lead to a decrease in PM_2.5 concentrations. In addition, when population-weighted concentration averages were calculated and the exposure level of the population group was compared before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, the proportion of people exceeding the air quality standard decreased by approximately 15.5%. Conclusions: Human activities can impact ambient concentrations of PM_2.5, potentially altering the levels of PM_2.5 exposure in the population.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2017

Average concentration of PM in Seoul metropolitan area satisfied the Korean air quality standard in 2010. Furthermore, concentration of PM in all boroughs across Seoul met the air environment standard in 2012. $PM_{10}$ concentration was relatively higher in center of Seoul in comparison to the rest, while $PM_{2.5}$ concentration showed exactly the contrary result. We analyzed the effect that PM emissions from vehicles would have on PM concentrations across Seoul. The results showed that average annual PM concentration recently decreased in Seoul although the number of vehicles registered annually continued its upward trend. By contrast, average fine dust concentrations in Seoul showed a decline which suggested that correlation between annual average PM concentrations and number of registered vehicles remained low. However, year-on-year vehicle registration rate recently showed a declining tendency in the same way as the trend of changes in average PM concentrations. Particularly, the upward trend in annual average PM concentrations in 2002 and 2007 was consistent with the increase in vehicle registration rate, suggesting that vehicle registration rate was closely associated with changes in PM concentrations.