• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.279-284
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• 1988

Observations were made on the blood picture of 50 multiparous and 98 infertile cows. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows. 1. Mean values of RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets for normal multiparous cows were $6.87{\pm}0.84{\times}10^6/mm^3$, $10.3{\pm}1.3g/100ml$, $31.4{\pm}3.7ml/100ml$, $46.1{\pm}6.9{\mu}^3$, $15.3{\pm}2.6pg$, $34{\pm}2.7%$, and $372.7{\pm}304.7{\times}10^3/mm^3$ respectively. 2. Mean values of RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets for infertile cows were $7.00{\pm}0.98{\times}10^6/mm^3$, $10.6{\pm}1.2g/100ml$, $32.1{\pm}3.6ml/100ml$, $45.8{\pm}6.7{\mu}^3$, $15.3{\pm}1.8pg$, $33.9{\pm}3.3%$, and $382.7{\pm}157.5{\times}10^3/mm^3$, respectively. 3. Mean values of WBC count for normal multiparous and infertile cows were $7.92{\pm}1.72$ and $9.04{\pm}2.87{\times}10^3/mm^3$ respectively. 4. In the differential leukocytes count, mean values of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils for normal multiparous cows were $29.7{\pm}7.9%$, $56.8{\pm}7.6%$, $2.9{\pm}1.9%$, $9.9{\pm}5.3%$ and $0.3{\pm}0.7%$, respectively, and mean values of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils for infertile cows were $31.9{\pm}7.8%$, $57.5{\pm}7.9%$, $2.6{\pm}1.9%$, $7.5{\pm}4.8%$, and $0.4{\pm}0.2%$, respectively.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2002

본 연구는 불임견의 번식장애를 해결할 목적으로 개 정소상체로부터 채취한 정액을 tris-buffer로 원심분리하여 정장을 제거한 RSP-T 희석 정자의 일반성상과 동결방법 및 glycerol 농도가 동결융해 후 생존성에 미치는 영향과 난자와 정소상체 정자를 매정시켰을 때 정자침입율을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1. WES, RSP-S 및 RSP-T 희석 정소상체 정액의 정자수는 각각 4.25 $\pm$ 0.25(X$10^{6}$ Cells/$m\ell$), 3.85 $\pm$ 0.20(x$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$), 4.05 $\pm$ 0.28(X$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$)이었고, 활력은 50.55 $\pm$ 2.75%, 67.25 $\pm$2.55%, 78.75$\pm$3.55%이었고, 기형정자율은 49.45$\pm$2.25%, 37.75 $\pm$ 2.10%, 24.25 $\pm$ 1.55%이었다. 2. RSP-S와 RSP-T 희석 정소상체 정액을 완만 동결을 했을 때 생존율은 각각 35.00 $\pm$2.35%, 45.50 $\pm$2.15%와 초급속동결시의 생존율은 16.50 $\pm$ 3.55%, 22.55 $\pm$ 3.95%이었다. RSP-T 희석 정소상체 정액을 동결시 내동제에 glycerol 농도를 2.0~8.0% 첨가하여 동결했을 때 생존율은 각각 9.25 $\pm$ 1.55%~17.50$\pm$2.50%로서 신선정액의 25.50% 4.50%~34.00$\pm$5.15%에 비해 낮은 생존율을 나타냈다. 3. 동결 융해한 정소상체 희석정자의 평균 수정 능 획득 율과 첨체반응 및 생존정자수는 각각 13.00 $\pm$ 2.35%, 3.55 $\pm$ 0.85%, 15.50 $\pm$ 1.90% 였고, 신선 정소상체 정액의 45.25$\pm$5.75%, 7.06 $\pm$0.25%, 49.20$\pm$6.80%이었다. 신선 및 동결 수정 능 획득 정자를 난자와 매정시켰을 때 난자내 정자의 침입율은 각각 39.25 $\pm$4.72 %와 34.24$\pm$3.93%였고, 난자당 정자의 침입 수는 각각 1.30$\pm$0.33개, 1.10$\pm$0.50개이었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.366-371
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• 1996

우리나라 일부 중년 남성의 혈압 및 혈청지질수준을 알아보기 위해 40세 이상의 중년남성 1,524명을 대상으로 신체계측, 체질량지수를 통해 비만군 453명과 대조군 1,071명을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비만군의 평균 시장, 체중, 체질량지수는 169.4$\pm$5.2cm, 76.3$\pm$6.1kg, 26.6$\pm$1.4kg/$ extrm{cm}^2$ 이었다. 대조군은 각각 169.0$\pm$7.1cm, 63.7$\pm$7.0kg, 22.2$\pm$1.9kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$로 비만군의 체중과 체질량지수가 높았다. 수축기와 이완기 혈압은 비만군은 124.0$\pm$20.5mmHg, 81.9$\pm$14.0mmHg였고 대조군은 119.2$\pm$18.1mmHg, 78.6$\pm$12.5mmHg로 비만군에서 유의하게 높았다. 혈청콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 동맥경화지숙의 경우, 비만군은 202.1$\pm$34.7mg/dl, 210.0$\pm$121.8mg/dl, 43.4$\pm$10.3mg/dl, 116.7$\pm$33.5mg/dl, 3.8$\pm$1.2였고, 대조군은 193.9$\pm$36.0mg/dl, 162.9$\pm$120.0mg/dl, 46.4$\pm$11.0mg/dl, 115.0$\pm$35.5mg/dl, 3.4$\pm$1.6을 LDL-콜레스테롤만 차이를 보이지 않았다. 고지혈증의 경우 비만군은 혈청콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 모두 빈도가 높게 나타났으며 동맥경화지수가 3.0 이상인 경우도 비만군은 77.3%로 대조군의 57.0%보다 높았다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2015

목 적 : 불면증은 여러 가지 신체질환, 정신질환에 공이환 된 경우가 많아 일차 진료에서 가장 흔한 문제 중 하나이다. 정신생리적 과각성이 병태생리에서 중요하다고 알려져 있다. 이 연구에서는 바이오피드백 기기를 이용한 스트레스 반응 검사로 일차성 불면증과 정상인 간에 생리신호 특성을 비교하였다. 방 법 : 일차성 불면증 환자 80명(남자 35, 여자 45명, $49.71{\pm}12.91$세)과 정상인 101명(남자 64, 여자 37명, $27.65{\pm}2.77$세)에게 바이오피드백 기기를 이용하여 스트레스 반응 검사를 하였다. 스트레스 반응 검사는 기저, 스트레스 1, 회복 1, 스트레스 2, 회복 2단계의 다섯 단계로 하였다. 각 단계에서 근전도(EMG), 심장박동수(heart rate), 피부전도(skin conductance), 피부체온(skin temperature), 그리고 호흡수(respiratory rate)를 각각 2분 동안 기록하여 평균값을 산출하였다. 측정값들의 양 군 사이 비교에는 독립 t-검정, 이전 단계와 비교한 측정값의 변화는 대응표본 t-검정으로 분석하였다(양측검정, p < 0.05). 결 과 : 불면증 환자는 정상인에 비해 5단계 스트레스 반응 검사 모두에서 전두근이 더 긴장해 있었다(기저 : $7.72{\pm}3.88{\mu}V$ vs. $4.89{\pm}1.73{\mu}V$, t = -6.06, p < 0.001 ; 스트레스 1 : $10.29{\pm}5.16{\mu}V$ vs. $6.63{\pm}2.48{\mu}V$, t = -5.84, p < 0.001 ; 회복 1 : $7.87{\pm}3.86{\mu}V$ vs. $5.17{\pm}2.17{\mu}V$, t = -5.61, p < 0.001 ; 스트레스 2 : $10.22{\pm}6.07{\mu}V$ vs. $6.98{\pm}2.98{\mu}V$, t = -4.37, p < 0.001 ; 회복 2 : $7.88{\pm}4.25{\mu}V$ vs. $5.17{\pm}1.99{\mu}V$, t = -5.27, p < 0.001 ). 정상인은 불면증 환자와 비교하여 각 단계에 따른 심장박동수의 변화 정도가 더 컸다(스트레스 1-기저 : $6.48{\pm}0.59$ vs. $3.77{\pm}0.59$, t = 3.22, p = 0.002 ; 회복 1-스트레스 1 : $-5.36{\pm}0.0.59$ vs. $-3.16{\pm}0.47$, t = 2.91, p = 0.004 ; 스트레스 2-회복 1 : $8.45{\pm}0.61$ vs. $4.03{\pm}0.47$, t = 5.72, p < 0.001 ; 회복 2-스트레스 2 : $-8.56{\pm}0.65$ vs. $-4.02{\pm}0.51$, t = -5.31, p < 0.001). 결 론 : 일차성 불면증 환자는 정상인에 비해 전두근 근전도 측정값이 전반적으로 증가되었고, 심장박동수의 검사 단계별 변화 정도가 작았다. 이는 불면증 환자의 자율신경계가 정상인에 비해 과각성 상태에 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to determine the available components in different varieties of Discorea spp. The Discorea spp. samples were divided into three groups by variety. The three groups were divided into Jangma(D. batatas Decaisne), Danma(D. japonica Decaisne), and Doonggunma(D. opposita Thumb), and then assessed with regard to the content of proximate compositions, minerals, sugars, crude saponin, and diosgenin. No substantial differences were noted to exist among samples in terms of carbohydrate and crude protein contents. The crude lipid contents were detected in the following order : Danma(D. japonica Decaisne, $0.71{\pm}0.15%$) > Jangma(D. batatas Decaisne, $0.65{\pm}10.12%$) > Doonggunma (D. opposita Thumb, $0.49{\pm}0.10%$). The Danma(D. japonica Decaisne) samples were determined to harbor the highest K($2.07{\pm}0.91%$), Ca($0.21{\pm}0.12%$), Fe($110.7{\pm}0.0$ mg/kg), Mn($20.6{\pm}3.4$ mg/kg) and Zn($31.2{\pm}3.9$ mg/kg) contents among all tested samples. The predominant sugar components in all samples were mannose($70.7{\pm}1.3{\sim}80.5{\pm}1.5%$), glucose($18.2{\pm}1.2{\sim}28.3{\pm}2.5%$) and sucrose($60.3{\pm}3.7{\sim}83.6{\pm}6.5%$). The crude saponin and diosgenin contents for Jangma(D. batatas Decaisne), Danma(D. japonica Decaisne) and Doonggunma(D. opposita Thumb) varieties were : $1.7{\pm}0.4%$, $3.9{\pm}0.8%$ and $3.2{\pm}0.7%$, and $13.59{\pm}1.74$ mg/g, $14.25{\pm}1.60$ mg/g and $18.00{\pm}1.92$ mg/g, respectively.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 1992

Concentrations of major minerals(Ca, p, Na, K, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Zn) were measured in human milk samples collected from 19 selected, healthy lactating women at 2~5 days, and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks postpartum. Decreases in the contents of m) or minerals and trace elements were found with the increase of time postpartum. Mean Ca contents of 2~5 days, 4 week, 8 week and 12 week in human milk were 243.02$\pm$50.90ug/ml, 295.0$\pm$65.70ug/ml, 295.0$\pm$41.50ug/ml, 349.90$\pm$83.50ug/ml, respectively And mean P contents of 2~5 days, 4 week, 8 week and 12 week in human milk were 134.70$\pm$49.4ug/ml, 134.90$\pm$19.70ug/ml, 117.60$\pm$18.90ug/ml, 130.60$\pm$28.20ug/ml, respectively. Ca/P of them were 1.81, 2.19, 2.20, 2.68, respectively. Mean Mg contents of them were 22.30$\pm$5.60ug/ml, 25.70$\pm$3.70ug/ml, 25.10$\pm$3.60ug/ml, 32.10$\pm$4.50ug/ml, respectively. And mean Na contents of them were 171.20$\pm$90.50ug/ml, 158.70$\pm$47.00ug/ml, 104.50$\pm$24.70ug/ml, 115.90$\pm$12.50ug/ml, respectively. Mean K contents of them were 506.10$\pm$156.10ug/ml, 520.90$\pm$55.00ug/ml, 370.10$\pm$29.00ug/ml, 468.40$\pm$75.70ug/ml, respectively. Na/K of them were 0.34, 0.30, 0.28, 0.25, respectively. Mean Fe contents of them were 2.80$\pm$1.80ug/ml, 2.70$\pm$0.40ug/ml, 2.60$\pm$0.40ug/ml, 2.10$\pm$0.10ug/ml, respectively. And mean Zn contents of them were 3.70$\pm$1.60ug/ml, 2.78$\pm$9.70ug/ml, 2.70$\pm$0.70ug/ml, 2.30$\pm$0.20ug/ml, respectively, These determinations will provide the basic information on the variability of major minerals and trace elements as lactation proceeds and on the composition of components between term and preterm milk.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.471-474
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• 1995

A total of 20 patients underwent bullectomy in the spontaneous pneumothorax between October 1993 and August 1994. The patients were divided into two groups: Control group; the patients who received with mid-axillary approach[n=10 , Experimental group; the patients who received with video-assisted thoracic surgery [n = 10 . The results were as follows; 1. The total sex distribution was male predominence [M :F=6:1 . Mean age of control group was 31.6$\pm$ 10.1 age and experimental group was 24.3$\pm$ 5.5 age. 2. The operative times were 117.0 $\pm$ 32.6min in control group and 102.5$\pm$ 38.4min in experimental group [not significant . 3. The indwelling period of postoperative chest tube and hospital stay were 4.5$\pm$ 2.6 days and 8.3 $\pm$ 1.8 days in control group, $1.5\pm$ 0.5 days and 3.1 $\pm$ 0.3 days in experimental group[p=0.0018, < 0.0001 . 4. In control group, injection times of pain-killer were 1.7$\pm$ 0.7 times/day at operative day and 0.4$\pm$ 0.6times/day at postoperative 1 day. In experimental group, there were 0.3$\pm$ 0.7times/day at operative day and 0.1 $\pm$ 0.3times/day at postoperative 1 day[p=O.O002 at operative day, not significant at postoperative 1 day .

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 1990

In order to know the range in blood chemical values and enzyme activities of korean native cattle and pigs being raised in kyongbuk province, the mean values of serum protein compositions, enzyme activities(GOT, GPT, ALP), cholesterol, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid were determined and the results obtained were as follows ; 1. Mean contents of total protein, albumin, globulin and A / G ratio for the korean native male cattle were $7.28{\pm}0.86$ g / dl, 43.39{\pm}0.65$ g / dl, 43.83{\pm}0.92$ g / dl & 40.95{\pm}0.34$；for the male pigs were 47.39{\pm}0.84$ g / dl, 43.63{\pm}0.43$ g / dl, 43.77{\pm}0.88$ g / dl, 40.97{\pm}0.26$；for the female pigs were 47.60{\pm}0.68$ g/ dl, 43.54{\pm}0.58$ g / dl, 43.90{\pm}0.74$ g / dl, 41.02{\pm}0.34. 2.$ Mean activities of GOT, GPT and ALP for the korean native male cattle were 448.3{\pm}11.6$ U, 429.6{\pm}4.6$ U, 413.7{\pm}2.8$ U； for the male pigs were 458.6{\pm}10.6$ U, 438.6{\pm}5.3$ U, 424.9{\pm}9.2$ U； for the female pigs were 443.9{\pm}10.8$ U, 440.5{\pm}4.6$ U, 413.9{\pm}3.4$ U. 3. Mean contents of cholesterol, glucose and bilirubin for the korean native male cattle were 4108.7{\pm}31.8$ mg / dl, 488.2{\pm}26.4$ mg / dl, $0.69{\pm}0.52$ mg / dl; for the male pigs were 4105.9{\pm}18.3$ mg / dl, 4102.9{\pm}22.3$ mg / dl, 40.70{\pm}0.18$ mg / dl: for the female pigs were $113.1{\pm}20.9$ mg / dl , 4103.2{\pm}23.9$ mg / dl, 40.49{\pm}0.21$ mg / dl. 4. Mean contents of creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid for the korean native male cattle were 42.86{\pm}0.69$ mg / dl, $18.1{\pm}5.0$ mg / dl, 41.38{\pm}0.66$ mg /dl; for the male pigs were 42.20{\pm}0.51$ mg / dl, $18.2{\pm}4.3$ mg / dl, 40.29{\pm}0.10$ mg /dl: for the female pigs were 42.36{\pm}0.70$ mg / dl, $20.5{\pm}5.4$ mg / dl, 40.69{\pm}0.27$ mg / dl.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.552-559
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• 2000

배경; Carbomedics 기계판막은 보편적으로 많이 이용되는 기계판막의 일종이며 국립의료원에서는 1988년부터 이것을 사용하여 왔다. 저자들은 1994년에 중단기 성적을 흉부외과 학회지에 보고한바 있으며 이번에 10년 임상성적을 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 ; 1988년 8월부터 1998년 12월 RK지 Crbomedics 판막을 이용하여 판막치환술을 받은 235명의 연속적인 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 승모판막 치환 143예, 승모판막 및 대동맥판막치환 59예, 대동맥 판막치환 33예이었다. 평균 연령은 40세 이었으며 남녀의 성비는 85;150으로 여성환자가 원등하게 많았다. 임상추적 종료시점은 1999년 6월로 정했으며 추적율은 9704% 이었다. 전체 추적 기간은 1209.2환자-년이었고 평균 5.7년이었다. 결과; 조기 사망류은 8.9%, 만기 사망률은 4.7%로 전체사망율은 13.1%(31명/235명)이었다. 10년 생존율은 95.2$\pm$1.6%이었다. (승모판막치환; 94.9$\pm$2.1%, 승모판막 및 대동맥판막치환; 95.0$\pm$3.7%, 대동맥판막치환; 96.2$\pm$3.8%). 판막관련 합병증 중 혈전전색증, 판막혈전폐쇄증, 항응고제 관련 출혈, 판막주위 누출, 심내막염등의 linearized incidencesns 각각 환자-년당 0.59%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.17%, 0.17%였으며 혈전전색증이 없을 확률은 96.2$\pm$1.5%, 판막폐쇄증이 없을 확률은 96.7$\pm$1.4%, 항응고제관련 출혈이 없을 확률은 98.7$\pm$1.0%이었고 전체 판막관련 합병증이 없을 확률은 88.9$\pm$2.5%이었다. 결론; 장기 추적검사에서 Carbomedics 판막은 판막과 관련된 합병증 및 사망률이 낮았다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2016

In this study, the characteristics of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5-10}$ concentrations were identified in two different functional areas including Chuncheon and Youngwol, Korea. Even though the anthropogenic emission rates of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ are approximately four times higher in Youngwol than in Chuncheon their atmospheric concentrations were statistically higher in Chuncheon. In Chuncheon, both $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations and the ratio of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ increased as relative humidity (RH) increased possibly because the inorganic and/or organic secondary aerosols were actively formed at high RH. This result was also supported by that $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was enhanced under the fog and mist conditions in Chuncheon. On the other hand, both $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5-10}$ concentrations clearly increased with the southerly winds blown from the cement production facility in Youngwol. In addition, high $PM_{2.5-10}$ concentrations were observed with high wind speed, low relative humidity, and high $NO_2$ concentrations in Youngwol, suggesting that $PM_{2.5-10}$ was generated through the physical process including crushing and packing procedures followed by resuspension from cement and lime factory.