• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2005

본 연구는 NCSU-23과 PZM-3 배양액에 EGF, $\beta-ME$와 glucose의 첨가가 돼지 난자의 체외성숙에 미치는 영향과, 배양조건을 다르게 하여 계대배양한 섬유아세포를 이용한 핵이식 배를 다른 배양액과 산소조건에서 배양하였을 때 체외발생율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 난자를 20ng/ml EGF를 첨가 또는 첨가하지 않은 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 44시간 배양하였을 때 난자의 체외성숙율은 각각 $85.7\pm3.1\%,\;75.2\pm2.8\%,\;87.1\pm2.4\%$와 $78.2\pm2.6\%$였으며 EGF를 첨가한 배양액에서 배양한 난자의 체외성숙율은 EGF를 첨가하지 않은 배양액에서 배양했을 때의 난자보다 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 난자를 $25{\mu}M\;\beta-ME$를 첨가 또는 첨가하지 않은 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 44시간 배양하였을 때 난자의 체외성숙율은 각각 $79.5\pm2.6\%,\;74.7\pm2.5\%,\;80.2\pm2.3\%,\;78.6\pm2.7\%$였고 $\beta-ME$를 첨 가한 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양한 난자의 체외성숙율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 난자를 1.5mM glucose를 첨가 또는 첨가하지 않은 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 44시간 배양하였을 때 난자의 체외성숙율은 각각 $79.2\pm2.3\%,\;75.0\pm2.6\%,\;85.5\pm2.5\%$와 $78.9\pm2.7\%$였고, glucose를 첨가한 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양한 난자의 체외성숙율은 glucose를 첨가하지 않은 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양한 난자보다 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 핵이식 배를 20ng/m1 EGF, $25{\mu}M\;\beta-ME$ 및 1.5mM glucose를 첨가한 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 48시간, 144시간 배양하였을 때 2세포기 및 배반포로의 체외발생율은 각각 $56.4\pm2.7\%,\;54.3\pm2.9\%,\;70.5\pm2.1\%,\; 69.6\pm1.5\%$ 및 $12.0\pm1.3\%,\;9.6\pml.7\%,\;10.9\pm2.1\%,\;11.9\pm1.8\%$였다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2022

With the wide use of greenhouses, the working hours have been increasing inside the greenhouse for workers. In the closed ventilated greenhouse, the internal environment has less affected to external weather during making a suitable temperature for crop growth. Greenhouse workers are exposed to organic dust including soil dust, pollen, pesticide residues, microorganisms during tillage process, soil grading, fertilizing, and harvesting operations. Therefore, the health status and working environment exposed to workers should be considered inside the greenhouse. It is necessary to secure basic data on particulate matter (PM) concentrations in order to set up dust reduction and health safety plans. To understand the PM concentration of working environment in greenhouse, the PM concnentrations were monitored in the cut-rose and Hallabong greenhouses in terms of PM size, working type, and working period. Compare to no-work (move) period, a significant increase in PM concentration was found during tillage operation in Hallabong greenhouse by 4.94 times on TSP (total suspended particle), 2.71 times on PM-10 (particle size of 10 ㎛ or larger), and 1.53 times on PM-2.5, respectively. During pruning operation in cut-rose greenhouse, TSP concentration was 7.4 times higher and PM-10 concentration was 3.2 times higher than during no-work period. As a result of analysis of PM contribution ratio by particle sizes, it was shown that PM-10 constitute the largest percentage. There was a significant difference in the PM concentration between work and no-work periods, and the concentration of PM during work was significant higher (p < 0.001). It was found that workers were generally exposed to a high level of dust concentration from 2.5 ㎛ to 35.15 ㎛ during tillage operation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.1 s.21
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• pp.97-113
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• 1987

This study was carried out to know physical growth and development, physical and nutritional indices and body fat weight and so forth by semi-longitudinal research method to measure body height, body weight, chest girth and sitting height of 260 of general high school and 306 of vocational high school 3rd grade students who are living in Seoul and born from 1966 March 1st to 1967 Feb.28th. The results are as follows: 1) Physical growth and development Growth in terms of body height showed one step straight linear development, andthat of body weight showed two step straight linear development in each section in high school. The age of cross over between two sexes of general high school students was between 10.6 to 12. 3 years in body height, between 10.8 to 13 years in body weight, between 11.2 to 14.6 years in chest girth and between 10 to 13 years in sitting height. The age of cross over between two sexes of vocational high school students was between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body height, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body weight, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in chest girth and between 10.5 to 12.5 years in sitting height. In this periods, female group was superior to male group and after that male group was superior to female group again. The growth of vocational school students was superior to that of general school students in both sexes in terms of body height and body weight significantly. 2) Physical growth and nutritional indices In all cases of relative body weight, relative chest girth and relative sitting height, it was found to be increasing thereafter with advancing ages. In cases of $R{\"{o}}hrer$ index and Kaup index, it was found to be reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. In each case of Vervaeck and Pelidisi index, it was found to be increasing and reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. 3) Total body fat by vital measuring method Average values of body surface area, body volume and body density are measured indirectly by using the body height and body weight as Table 12, 13 and 14. The rate of body fat weight of general high school students was from minimum $11.96{\pm}3.53%(3.33{\pm}1.10kg$) to maximum $18.25{\pm}6.46%(9.08{\pm}2.01kg$) in male and from $25.88{\pm}3.62%(7.96{\pm}0.78kg$) to $43.00{\pm}7.22%(12.91{\pm}1.21kg$) in female. The rate of body fat weight of vocational high school students was from minimum $11.20{\pm}2.88%(3.32{\pm}1.13kg$) to maximum $17.16{\pm}5.88(10.83{\pm}3.16kg$) in male and from minimum $25.11{\pm}2.26%(7.91{\pm}0.89kg$) to maximum $42.16{\pm}7.96%(13.22{\pm}1.75kg$) in female.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.475-478
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• 2011

In the present study, the effect of cysteine and NT or bisphenol A(BP) on in vitro aturation(IVM) of porcine oocytes were examined. COCs was cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 10% FCS which had previously been covered with mineral oil and equilibrated in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ and 95% air at $38^{\circ}C$. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 0.5~10.0 mM cysteine were $34.0{\pm}3.2%$, $36.0{\pm}3.5%$, $48.0{\pm}3.8%$, $22.0{\pm}3.2%$, respectively. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 0.5~5.0mM NT for 48 hrs were $24.0{\pm}4.2%$, $18.0{\pm}4.9%$, $8.0{\pm}2.2%$, respectively. NT affects oocyte in vitro maturation rate in a dose-dependent. This result were significantly lower than the control group. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 1.0 mM NT+5.0 mM cysteine($38.0{\pm}4.3%$) were significantly higher than that of NT treatment. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 0.05~5.0 mM BP for 48 hrs were $20.0{\pm}4.7%$, $10.0{\pm}5.3%$, $6.0{\pm}3.2%$, respectively. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplement with BP was significantly lower cultured non supplement of BP ($44.0{\pm}3.5%$). BP affects porcine oocyte maturation rate in a dose-dependent manner. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 1.0 mM BP+5.0 mM cycteine ($32.0{\pm}3.2%$) were increased than that of BP treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

This study has compared the different types of forest fire sites and the unburned site at Samcheuk-si Gangwon-do by assessing the amount of litter production, nutrient concentration returned to forest floor from July 2007 through October 2010. The research showed that the average amounts of litterfall produced in the unburned site, the crown fire site(C-1), the crown fire site(C-3) and the ground fire site(G-2) were $7.74{\pm}2.56$, $1.17{\pm}0.67$, $2.97{\pm}0.44$ and $2.92{\pm}0.42ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. In the unburned site, the average amounts of total nitogen(T-N), total phosphorus(T-P), potassium(K), calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) returned to the forest floor were $22.20{\pm}12.43$, $1.16{\pm}0.46$, $2.68{\pm}1.44$, $16.22{\pm}4.69$ and $1.36{\pm}0.32 kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively whereas those in the crown fire site(C-1) were $3.73{\pm}2.31$, $0.10{\pm}0.09$, $0.27{\pm}0.20$, $2.75{\pm}2.58$ and $0.24{\pm}0.27 kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. This study showed that the nutrient content returned to forest floor was higher in the following order: unburned site(Un) > crown fire site(C-3) > ground fire site(G-2) > crown fire site(C-1).

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

A single fraction of 50 Gy extracorporeal irradiation, as a modality of limb-sparing operation, has been used to achieve tumor necrosis in osteosarcoma. Although this modality of radiation therapy preserving the mobility of a joint is commonly practiced, the precise knowledge on the radiobiological response of osteosarcoma cell has remained to be elucidated. We therefore observed whether a single high dose irradiation caused apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells and whether the commitment to apoptosis was associated with cell kinetics. We also investigated radiation dose response along the time course for development of apoptosis following single high dose irradiation. The morphologic change in apoptosis was observed by fluorescence with Hoechst 33258 and the degree and the fraction of cells by flow cytometry. Irradiation of osteosarcoma cells with 10, 30 and 50 Gy resulted in chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation. The degree of apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells was $29.5{\pm}3.56%$, $39.9{\pm}4.83%$ at 24 and 48 hours after 10 Gy irradiation ; $41.1{\pm}3.93%$, $66.9{\pm}5.21%$ at 24 and 48 hours after 30 Gy irradiation ; and $48.0{\pm}3.69%$, $75.6{\pm}4.65%$ at 24 and 48 hours after 50 Gy irradiation. The fraction of cells in cell-cycle kinetic was $39.2{\pm}4.3%$ in G2/M, $22.1{\pm}4.65%$ in G1 at 24 hours after 10 Gy irradiation ; $51.0{\pm}4.3%$ in G2/M, $20.4{\pm}4.7%$ in G1 at 48 hours after 10 Gy irradiation ; $40.3{\pm}3.9%$ in G2/M, $26.1{\pm}4.7%$ in G1 at 24 hours after 30 Gy irradiation ; $59.2{\pm}3.9%$ in G2/M, $5.9{\pm}5.1%$ in G1 at 48 hours after 30 Gy irradiation ; and $44.3{\pm}4.2%$ in G2/M, $21.1{\pm}3.5%$ in G1 at 24 hours after 50 Gy irradiation. The fraction of cells at 48 hours after 50 Gy irradiation could not be observed because of irradiation induced cell death of most of cells. All values for irradiated cells showed accumulation in G2/M phase and reduction in G1 phase, irrespective of irradiation dose. The results suggest that a single fraction of high dose irradiation with 50 Gy results in accumulation of cells at G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for healthy Korean adults by measuring the maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip, and cheek, and to examine correlations between these measurements. Materials and Methods: This study included 120 subjects that were divided into three groups according to age: young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and older (over 60 years); and by gender. Measurements were taken using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Results: The mean maximal tongue strengths were as follows: young men ($46.7{\pm}10.2kPa$) and women ($32.1{\pm}7.9kPa$), middle-aged men ($40.9{\pm}9.3kPa$) and women ($36.9{\pm}8.6kPa$), and older men ($35.2{\pm}9.0kPa$) and women ($34.5{\pm}6.9kPa$). The mean tongue endurance scores were: young men ($28.8{\pm}12.6$ seconds) and women ($20.8{\pm}13.5$ seconds), middle-aged men ($17.0{\pm}8.5$ seconds) and women ($15.3{\pm}5.2$ seconds), and older men ($15.8{\pm}6.7$ seconds) and women ($17.9{\pm}8.1$ seconds). The mean maximal lip strengths were: young men ($11.6{\pm}3.0kPa$) and women ($11.4{\pm}3.8kPa$), middle-aged men ($11.4{\pm}4.2kPa$) and women ($11.1{\pm}5.1kPa$), and older men ($14.5{\pm}3.9kPa$) and women ($11.7{\pm}2.6kPa$). The mean lip endurance scores were: young men ($41.1{\pm}23.9$ seconds) and women ($22.4{\pm}21.7$ seconds), middle-aged men ($24.3{\pm}10.3$ seconds) and women ($30.5{\pm}13.4$ seconds), and older men ($24.9{\pm}11.0$ seconds) and women ($12.8{\pm}7.6$ seconds). The mean maximal cheek strengths were: young men ($24.5{\pm}4.6kPa$) and women ($20.5{\pm}4.3kPa$), middle-aged men ($25.2{\pm}6.4kPa$) and women ($21.2{\pm}5.5kPa$), and older men ($22.4{\pm}5.3kPa$) and women ($18.0{\pm}4.8kPa$). The mean cheek endurance scores were: young men ($47.8{\pm}24.4$ seconds) and women ($43.9{\pm}25.0$ seconds), middle-aged men ($27.3{\pm}11.3$ seconds) and women ($20.0{\pm}14.6$ seconds), and older men ($21.7{\pm}14.5$ seconds) and women ($17.2{\pm}11.4$ seconds). Conclusion: The data collected in this study will provide an important database of standardized measurements for maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip and cheek in healthy, normal Koreans.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.486-494
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• 2012

Nano-emulsion with phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsifying system was prepared to use rapeseed oil from originating Jeju in order to apply various cosmetic applications. Natural rape seed oil (NRSO) extraction was extracted using n-hexane as a solvent. NRSO extract showed a light yellowish color of viscous liquid as well as yield was $43{\pm}2.5%$. Acid value was $2.76{\pm}0.5$ and gravity was $0.89{\pm}0.05$. Droplet size of PIT-Yuche-NE with 20wt% of rapeseed oil was 50-120nm (average: $82{\pm}5.8nm$) and zeta potential was -29.5mV. It was thermodynamically good stable emulsion due to $(PEG)_{5-30}$fattyacidether. Some conclusions from the result of characteristic experiment were obtained as follows. First, the anti-oxidative activity was measured by free radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical). Anti-oxidative activity of PIT-Yuche-NE was $37.2{\pm}6.7%$ on 10mg/mL compared with PIT-Toco-NE (Natural tocopherol nano-emulsion, $28.8{\pm}6.5%$ on 10 mg/mL) and PIT-Nokcha-NE (Green tea extract nano-emulsion, $29.6{\pm}7.2%$ on 10mg/mL). Second, the collagen synthesis activity of PIT-Yuche-NE was $148{\pm}15.2%$ compared with PIT-Toco-NE (Natural tocopherol nano-emulsion, $121{\pm}13.5%$ on 10mg/mL) and PIT-Nokcha-NE (Green tea extract nano-emulsion, $95{\pm}12.7%$ on 10mg/mL). Third, the effectiveness of moisturizing activity of Yuche-CRM with Aramo-TS after 6 hours increase $47{\pm}3.9%$ (*p-value￡0.05, n=7) whereas Both Toco-CRM was $30{\pm}5.2%$ (*p-value￡0.05, n=7) and Nokcha-CRM was $35{\pm}4.5%$. Therefore, Yuche-CRM has higher moisturizing effect than other two creams. Finally, Nano-emulsion stabilizing rapeseed oil using PIT emulsifying system of this study can be used to apply cosmetics industry and pharmaceutical industry.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1986

A total of 749 Korean native Ogol fowl[Natural Monument No, 265] and 45,340 Ogol eggs were used to investigate the various performances of Ogol, I. e., fertility, hatchability, viability, body weight, and rate of egg production. The studying periods was from May, 1985 to Sept., 1986. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The mean rates of fertility and hatchability were 82.2${\pm}$1.37(X${\pm}$S.E.) and 79.0${\pm}$1.91%, respectively. 2. The mean rates of fertility and hatchability during brooding, growing and laying periods were 90.5${\pm}$1.69, 79.9${\pm}$2.28% and 80.6${\pm}$3.06%, respectively. 3. Average body weight at hatch, at ages of 18, 24, 44 and 72 weeks were 31.5, 0.43, 1209.3${\pm}$17.29, 1646.1${\pm}$25.90, 1975.3${\pm}$40.56 and 2096.7${\pm}$40.83g, respectively. 4. The age of the first egg was 166.5${\pm}$1.69 days old. Egg weights at first egg, at ages of 44 and 72 weeks were 35.7${\pm}$0.49, 48.8${\pm}$0.47 and 502${\pm}$0.44g, respectively. The numbers of egg production age to of 44 and 72 weeks were 69.5${\pm}$3.10 and 129.3${\pm}$5.56 eggs, respectively. 5. Between body weights and age at the first egg showed lower negative correlation. Body weights at ages of 24, 44 and 72 weeks showed highly positive correlation with egg weight, but a significant negative correlation with the number if egg production to ages of 44 and 72 weeks. The age at first egg was positively correlated with egg weight at first egg, but that was negatively correlated with the number of egg production to ages of 44 and 72 weeks.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data of age and specipic gait parameters for Hemiplegia Patients. The basic gait parameters were extracted from 10 Adult Hemiplegia Patients, 5 left Hemiplegia Patients and 5 right Hemiplegia Patients, 50 to 60 years of age using VICON 512 Motion Analyzer. The results were as follows; 1) The mean Cadence of the left to the right hemiplegia were $75.81{\pm}28.10\;steps/min$, to $68.47{\pm}9.93\;steps/min$. 2) The mean Walking Speed of the left to the right hemiplegia were $0.45{\pm}0.28\;m/s$, to $0.44{\pm}0.14\;m/s$. 3) The mean Stride Length of the left to the right hemiplegia were $0.66{\pm}0.31\;m$, to $0.76{\pm}0.17m$. 4) The mean. maximal angles of joint on the pelvic tilt for different right or left hemiplegia were $8.59{\pm}5.13^{\circ}$, to $11.85{\pm}5.23^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 5) The mean maximal angles of joint on the hip flexion motion for different right or left hemiplegia were $23.98{\pm}8.45^{\circ}$, to $25.81{\pm}5.39^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 6) The mean maximal angles of joint on the knee flexion motion for different right or left hemiplegia were $29.52{\pm}10.24^{\circ}$, to $28.38{\pm}14.48^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 7) The mean maximal angles of joint on the ankle dorsiflexion motion for different right or left hemiplegia were $14.68{\pm}5.03^{\circ}$, to $9.90{\pm}7.26^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 8) The mean maximal angles of joint on the ankle plantarflexion motion for different right or left hemiplegia were $2.10{\pm}5.17^{\circ}$, to $8.63{\pm}5.81^{\circ}$.(p>0.05)