• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1992

This study was devised to observe the inhibitory effect of 7 kinds PG(PG1, PG2, PG3, PG4, PG5, PG6 and PG7) and of 5 kinds PG4(PG41, PG42, PG43, PG44 and PG45) of the acidic polysaccharide fraction from Korean red ginseng on a lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L. Toxohormone-L is a lipolytic factor, found in ascites fluid. of sarcoma-180 bearing mice and of patients with hepatoma. A substance that inhibited the lipolytic action of toxohormone-L was isolated from red ginseng powder. This substance was an acidic polysaccharides In vitro test showed that the inhibitory effect of PG4 and PG43 fraction of the lipolysis by Toxohormone-L was highest percent among other treatments at concentration of 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000ug/ml of reaction mixture. And total inhibitory activity(units) of PG1 and PG4, and PG4 s was highest among other treatments at the same concentration.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 2012

PCDDs(Polychlorinated dibenzo-$p$-dioxins) and PCDFs(polychlorinated dibenzofurans) are measured in soil of Yeungju and Sangju on North Gyeongbuk to investigate the risk assessment of dioxins. Dioxins are analyzed by HRGC/HRMS(high resolution gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometer). 2,3,7,8-T4CDD and 1,2,3,7,8-Pe5CDD in soil on Yeungju and Sangju are not detected. Also, 2,3,7,8-T4CDF is not detected in soil on Yeungju and Sangju. PCDDs and PCDFs in Yeungju soil are 1.957 pg/g and 0.294 pg/g, respectively. Total of dioxins in Yeungju soil are 2.251 pg/g. PCDDs and PCDFs in Sangju soil are 1.220 pg/g and 0.420 pg/g, respectively. Total of dioxins in Sangju soil are 1.640 pg/g. PCDDs and PCDFs in Yeungju soil are 0.0049 pg WHO-TEQ/g and 0.0123 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively. Total of dioxins with PCDDs and PCDFs in Yeungju soil are 0.0172 pg WHO-TEQ/g. PCDDs and PCDFs in Sangju soil are 0.0065 pg WHO-TEQ/g and 0.0213 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively. Total of dioxins with PCDDs and PCDFs in Sangju soil are 0.0278 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Amount for pg/g concentration unit of PCDDs is higher than amount of PCDFs in soil. But, WHO-TEQ of PCDFs is higher than WHO-TEQ of PCDDs in soil.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2015

Background: Pathogenesis-related 10 (PR-10) proteins are small, cytosolic proteins with a similar three-dimensional structure. Crystal structures for several PR-10 homologs have similar overall folding patterns, with an unusually large internal cavity that is a binding site for biologically important molecules. Although structural information on PR-10 proteins is substantial, understanding of their biological function remains limited. Here, we showed that one of the PgPR-10 homologs, PgPR-10.3, shares binding properties with flavonoids, kinetin, emodin, deoxycholic acid, and ginsenoside Re (1 of the steroid glycosides). Methods: Gene expression patterns of PgPR-10.3 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The three-dimensional structure of PgPR-10 proteins was visualized by homology modeling, and docking to retrieve biologically active molecules was performed using AutoDock4 program. Results: Transcript levels of PgPR-10.3 expressed in leaves, stems, and roots of 3-wk-old ginseng plantlets were on average 86-fold lower than those of PgPR-10.2. In mature 2-yr-old ginseng plants, the mRNA of PgPR-10.3 is restricted to leaves. Ginsenoside Re production is especially prominent in leaves of Panax ginseng Meyer, and the binding property of PgPR-10.3 with ginsenoside Re suggests that this protein has an important role in the control of secondary metabolism. Conclusion: Although ginseng PR-10.3 gene is expressed in all organs of 3-wk-old plantlets, its expression is restricted to leaves in mature 2-yr-old ginseng plants. The putative binding property of PgPR-10.3 with Re is intriguing. Further verification of binding affinity with other biologically important molecules in the large hydrophobic cavity of PgPR-10.3 may provide an insight into the biological features of PR-10 proteins.

• TTA Journal
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• s.104
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• pp.23-26
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• 2006

위성 DMB 및 지상파 DMB 기술표준 개발 및 제정업무를 담당하고 있는 DMB PG는 2004년 3월 11일 TTA의 조직개편으로 DMB PG(PG307)라는 명칭을 사용하고 있으며, 이전에는 음성방송연구반이었다. DMB 관련 업무는 2003년 6월 13일에 개최된 음성방송연구반 제 18차 회의 때부터 개시되어 2004년 3월 11일 DMB PG가 출범하기까지 총 32차 회의까지를 개최하며 수행되었고, 2004년 3월 11일 DMB PG로 새롭게 출범한 이후 2006년 3월 15일까지 총 42차 회의를 개최하여, 약 3년 6개월이라는 기간 동안 총 74차의 회의를 개최하며 DMB 표준화 업무를 수행해 오고 있다

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.225-231
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• 2023

Cold stress is one of the most vulnerable environmental stresses that affect plant growth and crop yields. With the recent advancements in genetic approaches using Arabidopsis and other model systems, genes involved in cold-stress response have been identified and the key cold signaling factors have been characterized. Exposure to low-temperature stress triggers the activation of a set of genes known as cold regulatory (COR) genes. This activation process plays a crucial role in enhancing the resistance of plants to cold and freezing stress. The inducer of the C-repeatbinding factor (CBF) expression 1-CBF module (ICE1-CBF module) is a key cold signaling pathway regulator that enhances the expression of downstream COR genes; however, this signaling module in Panax ginseng remains elusive. Here, we identified cold-signaling-related genes, PgCBF1, PgCBF3, and PgICE1 and conducted functional genomic analysis with a heterologous system. We confirmed that the overexpression of cold- PgCBF3 in the cbf1/2/3 triple Arabidopsis mutant compensated for the cold stress-induced deficiency of COR15A and salt-stress tolerance. In addition, nuclearlocalized PgICE1 has evolutionarily conserved phosphorylation sites that are modulated by brassinsteroid insensitive 2 (PgBIN2) and sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 3 (PgSnRK3), with which it physically interacted in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Overall, our data reveal that the regulators identified in our study, PgICE1 and PgCBFs, are evolutionarily conserved in the P. ginseng genome and are functionally involved in cold and abiotic stress responses.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of grapephyun with different levels of starch, gelatin and agar. The results from this study are as follow. \circled1 Composition of the grapejuce was moisture 82.57g, reducing sugar 10.19g, sweetness 16 $^{\circ}$Brix, pectin 0.89g. \circled2 pH of gyapephyun content by 8 samples showed PA1(3.69), PA2(3.68), PA3(3.67), PG1(3.76), PG2(3.83), and PG3(3.80). \circled3 In the sensory evaluation conducted by panelists showed that there were significant differences among 8 samples. PA3, RG3 samples showed more significant among 8 samples in color, texture, appearance soureness sweetness and notable preference for PA3, PG3 and PA2, PG3 over PA1, PG1 and control.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2001

From July to November 1999, air samples were collected from Ansung, Korea, to identify the seasonal variation in organochlorine pesticides(OCPs). OCPs maximum(mean) concentrations were as follows: heptachlor, $14.0\;pg/m^3(3.6\;pg/m^3)$; heptachlor epoxide, $28.7\;pg/m^3(11.7\;pg/m^3)$; DDE, $40.6\;pg/m^3(20.6\;pg/m^3)$; endosulfan sulfate, $98.9\;pg/m^3(36.6\;pg/m^3)$. The higher concentration of the locally and seasonally used pesticide endosulfan[1759.2 $pg/m^3(453.4\;pg/m^3)$] was found. The concentrations of all OCPs were higher in summer than those in fall. This pattern suggests that the concentrations may be increased by evaporation from surfaces(soil, water, vegetation, etc) with increasing the temperature and by much usage in growing season, particularly in summer, for endosulfan.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2016

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a well-known natural product with anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effects. We evaluated the antifatigue effect of KRG in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Eighty patients with NAFLD were prospectively randomized to receive 3 wk of KRG or placebo in addition to counseling on healthy eating and regular exercise. Liver function test, proinflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, antioxidant activity, and fatigue score were measured and compared according to the body mass index between the KRG and placebo groups. Results: The liver function tests were significantly improved after 3 wk of treatment in both groups. The mean levels (at baseline and after treatment) of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ were $108.0pg/mL{\pm}54.8pg/mL$ and $92.7pg/mL{\pm}39.0pg/mL$ (p = 0.018) in the KRG group and $123.1pg/mL{\pm}42.1pg/mL$ and $127.5pg/mL{\pm}62.2pg/mL$ (p = 0.694) in the placebo group, respectively. There was a significant difference in change of adiponectin levels between the KRG ($7,751.2pg/mL{\pm}3,108.1pg/mL$ and $8,197.3pg/mL{\pm}2,714.5pg/mL$) and placebo groups ($7,711.6pg/mL{\pm}3,041.3pg/mL$ and $7,286.1pg/mL{\pm}5,188.7pg/mL$, p = 0.027). In patients with overweight, the fatigue score was significantly decreased in the KRG group ($35.0{\pm}13.2$ and $24.5{\pm}8.9$, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Our results show that KRG might be effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine and fatigue in overweight patients with NAFLD, in addition to improvements in adiponectin levels.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2001

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the administration of exogenous PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ on hormone concentrations and follicular development in early postpartum(pp) Korean native goats. 1. Plasma PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ concentrations in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treated goals showed a gradual increase from a low on day 2 (GR-1 : 10 day-treatment group: 6.35$\pm$0.5 and GR-2; 4 day-treatment group: 0.22$\pm$0.2 pg/$m\ell$, respectively) to reach a peak of 21.18$\pm$1.6 or 4.21 $\pm$0.4 pg/$m\ell$ on day 4 after treatment of PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$. 2. Plasma PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ concentrations in GR-1 goats averaged 9.08 $\pm$1.2 pg/$m\ell$ compared with 5.44$\pm$ 1.8 pg/$m\ell$ in GR-2 goats the day before treatment of PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$. Mean PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ concentrations thereafter remained low during the treatment period but PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ concentrations did not differ between the two group. 3. Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 $\beta$ (E,) in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ - treated group were decreased gradually until 2 days after PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment but mean $E_2$ concentrations began to increase on 3 days and were Inaximal on the 4 days after treatment. 4. Plasma lulenizing hormone (LH) concentrations in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ - treated goats were slightly higher than in controls but mean LH concentrations did not differ between the two treatment groups. 5. Plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations were suppressed in both GR-1(10 day-treatment group) and GR-2(4 day-treatment group) goats compared to saline controls but mean PRL concentrations remained lower in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treated animals during post-treatment period. 6. The mean number of small and medium follicles present when PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ was administrated was similar in all does but the increase in number of large follicles($\geq$4mm) tended to be higher in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treated group than controls. These results suggest that concentrations of PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ and estradiol-17$\beta$ were positively correlared with follicular diameter. We conclude that PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment stimulates follicular development similarly in both GR-1 and GR-2 group.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.270-286
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• 2002

The human adipose and milk samples analyzed in this study were collected at hospitals in Seoul, Masan and Jinju. The mean values of International Dioxin Toxic Equivalents (I-TEQ) of PCDDs and PCDFs in human adipose samples from the three regions were calculated as 9 pg I-TEQ/g(0.2 ~ 30 pg TEQ/g, lipid weight basis) and 8 pg I-TEQ/g (0.8 ~ 25 pg TEQ/g), respectively. The residue levels of PCDDs-TEQ and PCDFs-TEQ in human milk collected from Masan were 13 pg I-TEQ/g (lipid wt.) and 4.8 pg I-TEQ/g, respectively. On the whole, the contamination levels of these compounds in the Korean population were lower than those in the other countries. Based on the analytical data and assuming a daily intake consumption of 800 mL milk with 3% fat, the average daily intake of PCDDs/DFs via human milk for a baby weighing 5 Kg could be calculated. The daily intake of PCDDs/DFs via breast-feeding was estimated to be 39 pg/kg body weight/day for 2,3,7,8-TeCDD and 86 pg/kg/day for TEQ. These levels are far above all virtually safe dose(VSD) or tolerable daily intake(TDI) values proposed by health authorities in various countries, ranging from 0.001(US EPA) to 4 pg/kag/day (WHO).