• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.296.2-297
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• 2001

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1396-1402
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• 2009

Hizikia fusiforme is a kind of edible brown seaweed that grows mainly in the northwest Pacific including Korea, Japan and China, and has been widely used as food in Korea. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production is thought to have beneficial immunomodulatory effects in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of extracts of H. fusiforme on the expression of COX-2 and production of $PGE_2$ in U937 human pre-monocytic cell models. In U937 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to mimic inflammation, methanol extract of H. fusiforme (MEHF) and ethanol extract of H. fusiforme (EEHF), but not water extract of H. fusiforme (WEHF), inhibited PMA-induced expression of both COX-2 protein and mRNA, which was associated with inhibition of $PGE_2$ production. To investigate the mechanism by which MEHF and EEHF inhibit COX-2 gene expression and $PGE_2$ production, we examined the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-$\kappa$B) in U937 cells. Pre-treatment with MEHF and EEHF significantly attenuated the PMA-induced IkappaB degradation and prevented nuclear translocation of NF-$\kappa$B. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of H. fusiforme.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.4 s.47
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• pp.871-883
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• 1994

This experiment was designed to study possible roles of $interleukin-1\beta$, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ in bone remodeling by measuring their effects on $PGE_2,\; LTB_4$ and collagenase production when they were administered to human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were collected from first premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment. They were incubated in the environment of $37^{\circ}C,\;5\%\;Co^2,\;and\;100\%$ humidity. They were treated with $0.25\%$ trypsin-EDTA solution and centrifuged. PDL cells in the fifth to seventh passage were used for the experiment. Cells were seeded onto the culture dishes and when they were successfully attached, human recombinant $interleukin-1\beta$, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ were administered, alone or in combination. They were incubated for 4, 8 and 24 hours and the levels of $PGE_2,\;LTB_4$ and collagenase released into the culture media were assessed by enzymeimmunoassay and collagenase activity assay. The conclusions are as follows: 1. $IL-1\beta\;and\;TNF-\alpha$ were very active in stimulating the production of $PGE_2$ and collagenase by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, while IL-6 increased $LTB_4$ production. 2. $IL-1\beta$ significantly increased $PGE_2$, but $LTB_4$ Production was not increased. $IL-1\beta$ is thought to act mainly via the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. 3. IL-6 tended to inhibit $IL-1\beta$ in the production of $PGE_2$ and collagense whereas IL-6 and $TNF-\alpha$ showed auditive effect in the level of $PGE_2$. The above cytokines increased the release of at least one of $PGE_2,\;LTB_4$ and collagenase. It suggests that cytokines are involved in bone remodeling process by stimulating PDL fibroblasts to produce various bone-resorptive agents. The roles of cytokines in bone remodeling as a whole would need further study.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.299-302
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• 1994

Prostaglandin E1(PGE1) is a potent vasodilator and is a useful drug for the treatment of occlusive peripheral vascular disease. It has been used systemically via intravenous route or regionally via intraarterial route. We tried intravenous regional administration of PGE1 for the treatment of a patient with occlusive arterial disease involving left fingers. During the 13th injection, the patient complained of severe pain at the injection site during the drug administration. Thereafter, the patient developed painful and severe swelling with blebs on his left hand. Systemic antibiotics were given together with stellate ganglion block of the affected left side. PGE1 was substituted to reserpine, which is subcutaneously injectable, for the second term treatment.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.229-233
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• 1997

Estimation of thermal stability for diglycidy1 ether of bisphenol A(DGEMA)/4, 4'-methylene dianiline (MDA)/pheny1 glycidy1 ether(PGE)-acetamide(AcAm)/carboxy1-terminated acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (CTBN) system was studied by thermogravimetry(TG) analysis. To get activation energy for thermal degradation, Freeman & Carroll, Kissinger, and Flynn & Wall expressions were used. The activation energy of Freeman & Wall expression was 112.9kj/mol, that of Kissinger expression was 151.5 kj/mol and that of Flynn & Wall was 168.3kj/mol.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.151-159
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• 2019

Lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum K8 (pLTA) alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced excessive inflammation through inhibition of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, pLTA increases the survival rate of mice in a septic shock model. In the current study, we have found that pLTA contributes to homeostasis through regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. In detail, pLTA decreased the production of IL-10 by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 cells stimulated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) and LPS. However, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production which was inhibited by PGE-2+LPS increased by pLTA treatment. The regulatory effects of IL-10 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ induced by PGE-2 and LPS in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were mediated by pLTA, but not by other LTAs isolated from either Staphylococcus aureus (aLTA) or L. sakei (sLTA). Further studies revealed that pLTA-mediated IL-10 inhibition and $TNF-{\alpha}$ induction in PGE-2+LPS-stimulated PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were mediated by dephosphorylation of p38 and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), respectively. Reduction of pLTA-mediated IL-10 inhibited the metastasis of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), which was induced by IL-10 or conditioned media prepared from PGE-2+LPS-stimulated PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that pLTA contributes to inflammatory homeostasis through induction of repressed pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as inhibition of excessive anti-inflammatory cytokines.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

Objectives : The objective of this study is to study the effects of hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ on nitric oxide(NO) and prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ production in macrophage. Methods : $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ was extracted in two ways. One was extracted with distilled water(2L) for 4 h and the other one was extracted with 70% ethanol (2L) for 4h. The RAW 264.7 macrophage was subclutured. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed. The concentrations of NO were measured by Griess assay. The concentrations of $PGE_2$ were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results : 25, $125{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ hot aqueous extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly. 25, 125, $625{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly. 150, $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ inhibited $PGE_2$production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly. Conclusions : This study suggests that hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ suppress NO and $PGE_2$ production. So hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ may have an anti-inflammation effect.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.204-208
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the change of enzymeimmuno-assay for $prostaglandinE_2$ in the synovial fluid lavage specimen of patients with mandibular fracture patients without condylar fracture. For this study, fourteen patients (eight males, six females) with mandibular fractures without condylar fracture was investigated to analyse the synovial fluid from upper temporomandibular joint cavities. Synovial fluid was collected from TMJ cavities of mandibular fracture patients before open reduction and after one week of open reduction, and then stored in liquid nitrogen tank after centrifuge. Two synovial fluid lavage samples of TMJs of 2 asymptomatic served as normal controls referred from other data. The concentrations of $PGE_2$ were measured by use of $PGE_2$ EIA System ($Amersham^{(R)}$). The following results were obtained: 1) In nine patients, the concentrations of $PGE_2$ are lower after open reduction than before. 2) In three patients, the concentrations of $PGE_2$ are higher after open reduction than before. 3) There was no statistical significant between the preoperative group and postoperative 7 days (p>0.05), but there was some difference between the two groups. In conclusion, the results suggest that $PGE_2$ probably does not play as important role in the harm of TMJ.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

Objectives : Angelicae Gigantis Radix has been known traditional medicine with antimicrobial activities and it has been widely used for treatment of blood and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, some studies examined anti-inflammation effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix but they usually were performed by ethanol extracted Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture. So We investigated the inhibitory effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by hot water and ethanol extract on Nitric oxide(NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2$($PGE_2$) production in lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced macrophage cell. Methods : Angelicae Gigantis Radix was extracted by ethanol and hot water. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. To evaluate anti-inflammation effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture, we examined NO and $PGE_2$ production in LPS induced macrophages. The concentrations of NO and $PGE_2$ were measured by Griess assay and Enzyme Immuno-Assay. Results : 1) The MTT assay demonstrated that cytotoxic effect of Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by hot water extract and ethanol extract in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were not appeared. 2) Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by ethanol extract and hot water extract inhibited NO production in LPS induced macrophages significantly. 3) Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by ethanol extract tended to inhibiting $PGE_2$ production in LPS induced macrophages. And Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by hot water extract inhibited LPS induced production of $PGE_2$ in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells significantly. Conclusions : This study suggests that Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture may have an anti-inflammatory property through the inhibition of NO and $PGE_2$ production in LPS induced macrophages. It may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2020

Sanyeoleumja (SY) is the traditional Korean medicinal prescription for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of eyes. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of SY water extract were investigated. To measure the anti-inflammatory effects of SY, we examined the productions of inflammatory factor including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. SY inhibited NO and PGE₂ production in a dose dependent manner and decreased the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2. Also, SY decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In conclusion, SY downregulated LPS-induced inflammatory factor productions, which could be a clinical basis for inflammatory diseases.