• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.359-362
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• 2011

There is a delicate balance between too little and too much supplemental oxygen exposure in premature infants. Since underuse and overuse of supplemental oxygen can harm premature infants, oxygen saturation levels must be monitored and kept at less than 95% to prevent reactive oxygen species-related diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. At the same time, desaturation below 80 to 85% must be avoided to prevent adverse consequences, such as cerebral palsy. It is still unclear what range of oxygen saturation is appropriate for premature infants; however, until the results of further studies are available, a reasonable target for pulse oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) is 90 to 93% with an intermittent review of the correlation between $SpO_2$ and the partial pressure of arterial oxygen tension ($PaO_2$). Because optimal oxygenation depends on individuals at the bedside making ongoing adjustments, each unit must define an optimal target range and set alarm limits according to their own equipment or conditions. All staff must be aware of these values and adjust the concentration of supplemental oxygen frequently.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 1995

In order to examine the effects of $O_2$ saturation and pH on gas-bubble disease of blue crab, portunus trituberculatus, zoeal larvae were reared under 5 different concentrations (6.0, 4.0, 3.1, 2.2, and 0.7million cell/cc) of Chlamydomones sp. under natural light for 4days. Observed pH and $O_2$ saturation in the rearing chamber increased drastically from 12 to 18 o'clock with the increasing of Chlamydomones sp. concentrations, but rapidly decreased from 2 to 6 o'clock in the rearing chamber. Gas-bubble disease of zoeal larvae was observed 4hours after starting of experiment at the pH 8.5 and 118% $O_2$ saturated conditions in rearing chamber during the day, and recovered rapidly with the decreasing of pH and $O_2$ saturation at night. Thus, gas-bubble disease of zoeal larvae was repeated with the increased pH($\geq$8.5) and $O_2$ saturation ($\geq$118%) almost every days. Mortality of zoeal larvae was observed when pH and $O_2$ saturations were reached 8.5 and 118% levels respectively, and deteriorated with the increasing of water temperature, pH and $O_2$ saturation.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.552-555
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• 1995

The magnetic properties of Mg-Mn ferrites were investigated in the composition range of $Mg_{a}Mn_{b}Fe_{c}O_{4\pm\delta}$ (a+b+c=3) with the addition of $Al_{2}O_{3}$. In $MgO-MnO-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ ternary system, the spinel single phase existed within the composition range of MgO-50 mol%, MnO-70 mol% and $Fe_{2}O_{3}-60\;mol%$. The saturation magnetic flux density increased with the increase of $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ content and showed the maximum at the stoichiometric composition of $(Mg,Mn)Fe_{2}O_{4}$. In $Mg_{x}Mn_{1-x}Fe_{2}O_{4}(x=0.2~0.8)$ system, the saturation magnetic flux density showed the maximum at $Mg_{0.2}Mn_{0.8}Fe_{2}O_{4}$. The addition of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ resulted in the decrease of saturation magnetic flux density but increased the electrical resistivity.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 1994

The reduction of saturation magnetization in the Mg-Mn microwave ferrites was achieved by substituting the non-magnetic A1 ion for Fe ion. It is necessary for extending the operation frequencies that there is no change in other properties of the microwave ferrites. The electrical and magnetic properties are characterized where the composition of the ferrites studied was given by the general formula $(MgO)_{1.0}(MnO)_{0.1}(Al_xFe_{1.9-x}O_{2.85}$ with x ranging from 0.1 to 0.4. The saturation magnetization and the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth was decreased by the substituting amount of $Al_2O_3$. The value of coercive field was low enough over the composition of x=O.2 and the high squareness ratio was obtained all over the amount of substitution. It is feasible to select the proper application area with the combination of various properties ; that is, low coercive field, high squareness ratio, optimum saturation magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance linewidth.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of deep breathing with Incentive Spirometer on pulmonary function and O2 saturation by time process in patients with rib fracture. The participants were 25 patients with rib fracture admitted to a hospital in G city. Deep breathing with Incentive Spirometer was educated for participants. Data were collected from June to October, 2013. Pulmonary function and O2 saturation were measured by using Micro spirometer and pulse oximeter at admission one day and 1day, 2day, 3day, 4day, 5day and 6day after applying intervention.. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 21.0 version program with descriptive statistics, and repeated measure ANOVA. The level of pulmonary function and O2 saturation after applying deep breathing with incentive spirometer were increased as time went on. Therefore, patients with rib fracture should be suggested the continuous deep breathing with incentive spirometer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.720-729
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• 2008

Purpose: This study investigated the preemptive analgesic effects of Morphine and Ketorolac on postoperative pain, cortisol, $O_2$ saturation and heart rate for the first 24 hr after abdominal surgery. Methods: Data collection was performed from April 1 to September 30, 2006. Forty patients undergoing a gastrectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to the experimental or control group. The experimental group (20 patients) was administered Morphine and Ketorolac approximately 1 hr prior to skin incision, but the control group (20 patients) was administered Morphine and Ketorolac at peritoneum closure through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Postoperative pain, blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol, $O_2$ saturation, frequency of the PCA button pressed and doses of additional analgesics were observed through post operative 24 hr. Collected data was analyzed using t-test, $X^2$ test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni methods. Results: Postoperative pain, cortisol, the frequency of PCA button pressed, and dose of additional analgesics of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. There were no statistical differences in blood pressure, heart rate and $O_2$ saturation between the experimental group and control group. Conclusions: We concluded that administration of morphine and ketorolac at 1 hr prior to skin incision resulted in decreasing postoperative pain, but it didn't affect blood pressure, heart rate or $O_2$ saturation for 24 hr after abdominal surgery.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.222-224
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• 1993

In this paper, The optimum oxidation conditions for the formation of Cu-Zn ferrite were investigated using precipitates obtained by the mixture of $CuCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$, $ ZnCl_2$, $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ and NaOH. The precipitates were prepared by coprecipitation method on various temperatures and oxidation conditions. The oxidation products were examined by SEM, XRD, and VSM. The particles obtained at 70($^{\circ}C$) were more spherical and fine than that of prepared at 25($^{\circ}C$), 50($^{\circ}C$), 60($^{\circ}C$), respectively. By $H_2O_2$ oxidation, the saturation magnetization of the powders was little influenced, But, by air oxidation the saturation magnetization of the powders was influenced intricately. According to our experimental data, the saturation magnetization of the powders increased with reaction time and was saturated at 9 hours.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.191-198
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• 2022

The most basic thing to measure the condition of a companion animal is to check the breathing and pulse. There are several methods to measure the breathing and pulse of a companion animal, and the PPG method is generally used to measure the oxygen saturation (SpO₂) in a companion animal. However, since the input PPG signal is inputted with various information as well as oxygen saturation, it is necessary to separate and extract oxygen saturation information from the PPG signal in order to measure the oxygen saturation. Therefore, in this paper, a wearable measuring device for companion animals that can be measured by applying the PPG method was designed and implemented, and an algorithm for separating oxygen saturation information from the PPG signal input through the wearable measuring device was proposed.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2015

Blood oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) is so important to be called bio-signal of the fifth. The measurement of blood oxygen saturation based on broad-ban light source has advantages of simple testing facility and easy understanding. This paper proposes a LabVIEW program which measures blood oxygen saturation based on broad-band light source. It combines LabVIEW and MATLAB, utilizing different light absorptions of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in the visual wavelength range of 450nm-750nm to determine blood oxygen saturation. In order to improve accuracy through reducing the impact of hand shaking, the probe is fixed to the motor stage and then move a constant distance between the probe and the sample to be measured. Experimental results show that the proposed method noticeably increases the accuracy and saves time compared with the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.629-636
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• 1994

The ferrimagnetic glass-ceramics in the system Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 for hyperthermia were investigated. Glasses could be prepared up to the content of 40 wt% of Fe2O3 and below the weight ratio of 1.0 of CaO/SiO2. The maximum saturation magnetization and the maximum coercive force were 29.85 emu/g and 340.1 Oe respectively, for a glass 40Fe2O3.20CaO.40SiO2 composition heat-treated at 95$0^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours. And for a glass 40Fe2O3.30CaO.30SiO2 composition the maximum saturation magnetization and the maximum coercive force were 18.47 emu/g and 374.4 Oe heat-treated at 1,00$0^{\circ}C$ and 90$0^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours respectively. The maximum hysteresis loss was 1,726.3 cal/g for a glass 40Fe2O3.20CaO.40SiO2 composition heat-treated at 95$0^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours. It was found that the ferrimagnetic Fe2O3.CaO.SiO2 glass-ceramics was little injurious to human body as results of biocompatibility test and biotoxicity test.