• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.925-929
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• 2005

Some new metal(II) complexes, $M^{II}L_2$ [M = Mn (1), Co (2), Ni (3), Cu (4), and Zn (5)] of 2-acetylpyridine benzoylhydrazone ligand (HL) containing trifunctional NNO-donor system have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized for the complex 1 and 5. The complexes consist of two ligands to give sixcoordinate, which are bonded to the metal atom on a meridional plane through acetylpyridine ring nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen, and benzoyl oxygen atoms, respectively. The coordination geometry for other complexes was identified on the basis of the physicochemical data by elemental analyses, FAB -MS, IR, $^1H$ NMR, and electronic spectral measurements. The resulting data indicated that the complexes are accordance with the above formulation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.337-342
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• 1997

Acryloylmethylbenzo-15-crown-5 was prepared from the reaction of 4'-hydroxymethylbenzo-15-crown-5 with acryloyl chloride. And, poly(acryloylmethylbenzo-15-crown-5) [poly(AMB15C5)] was synthesized by radical polymerization using AIBN as initiator in benzene. Coated wire lead(II) ion-selective electrodes ($Pb^{2+}$-CWISEs) using either poly(AMB15C5) or B15C5 as neutral carrier were prepared, respectively. $Pb^{2+}$-CWISEs gave linear responses with slopes of 28$\pm$ 1mV per decade within the concentration range of $10^{-5} M{\sim}10^{-1}$ M, respectively. Also, the detection limits were $10^{-6}$ M and response times were either 3 or 5 min. for B15C5 and poly(AMB15C5), respectively. $Pb^{2+}$-CWISE base on B15C5 was rather unstable than poly(AMB15C5)'s due to solubility of the B15C5 in water. The selectivity coefficients of a variety of interfering ions such as $Mg^{2+},\; Ca^{2+},\; Co^{2+},\; Ni^{2+},\; Cu^{2+},\; Zn^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ were small ($10^{-4}{\sim}10^{-5}$), while those of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ were large (0.1∼0.01). In addition, the electrode responses depended upon the pH of test solution and the composition of the membrane. In the range pH 3∼6 of test solution, potentials of Pb2+-CWISEs were hardly changed. The optimal contents of B15C5 and poly(AMB15C5) were 7.7 wt% and 13.1 wt%, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.514-519
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• 2008

In the present study, biomass pyrolysis was done using five different kinds of catalysts with change in the support species and their compositions. Ni was loaded on alumina, ceria and alumina-ceria supports using co-precipitation method. In all the catalysts, 30wt% of nickel was loaded on the support materials. The paper used in daily writing purposes was taken into account as biomass sample. In the experiment, 19 of biomass was mixed with o.1g of each catalyst separately. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed with all the catalysts diminished the initial degradation temperature of paper biomass sample considerably. During the pyrolysis process, the temperature was raised from room temperature to $800^{\circ}C$ with the heating rate of $10^{\circ}C$/min in the furnace. The cumulative $H_2$ volume had reached the best value of l4.02ml with the Ni/$Al_2O_3-CeO_2$ 30wt%/(50wt%-50wt%) catalysts. In presence of all the catalysts, the highest amount of $H_2$ was produced at $800^{\circ}C$, 10min. of residence time.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.855-858
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• 2003

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on Ni-coated TiN/Si substrate by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using mixture gas of $H_2/CH_4$ at low temperature of 500 $^{\circ}C$. Average diameter of CNTs could be easily controlled by $H_2$ plasma pretreatment time before CNTs growth. The turn-on voltages of CNT emitters were varied from 3.5 $V/{\mu}m$ to 9 $V/{\mu}m$ according to the hydrogen pretreatment conditions. The close relationship between electron emission characteristics and pretreatment time indicates that pretreatment condition can be a key process parameter in CNTs growth for field emission displays..

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.248-270
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to collect the raw data for conservation of plant ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora of Mt. Geumgok located in Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. The flora were summarized as 453 taxa including 91 families, 298 genera, 397 species, 4 subspecies, 46 varieties and 6 forms. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 3 taxa such as Eranthis byunsanensis B.Y.Sun, Potentilla discolor Bunge and Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee. The Korean endemic plants were 6 taxa such as Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume, Eranthis byunsanensis B.Y.Sun, Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr., Lespedeza maritima Nakai, Vicia chosenensis Ohwi and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region were 36 taxa such as Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc., Salix chaenomeloides Kimura, Anemone raddeana Regel, Chloranthus japonicus Siebold, Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., Ilex macropoda Miq., Ajuga multiflora Bunge, Saussurea odontolepis Sch.Bip. ex Herd, Viola orientalis (Maxim.) W.Becker, Betula davurica Pall., Vitex negundo var. incisa (Lam.) C.B.Clarke and Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom.. The naturalized plants were 36 taxa such as Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Lepidium apetalum Willd., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Trifolium repens L., Euphorbia supina Raf., Ipomoea purpurea Roth, Veronica persica Poir., Bidens pilosa L., Carduus crispus L., Xanthium canadense Mill., Bromus unioloides H.B.K. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb.. The invasive alien plants were 2 taxa such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Aster pilosus Willd.. The ratios of the urbanized index(UI), the naturalized index(NI) and the disturbed index(DI) were 11.2%, 7.9% and 18.2% each.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

From July to August 2013, liquid fertilizers produced at 180 liquid manure public resource centers and liquid fertilizer distribution centers were collected. The maturity of liquid fertilizers was measured using the mechanical maturity measurement device. The nutrient contents (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), physicochemical properties, and heavy metal content of 46 liquid fertilizers were investigated in this study. We used a matured liquid fertilizer with a total number of 46, with number of 7 for Gyeonggi-do, 3 for Chungcheongbuk-do, 2 for Chungcheongnam-do, 13 for Jeollabuk-do, 5 for Jeollanam-do, 3 for Gyeongsangbuk-do, 11 for Gyeongsangnam-do, 1 for Daejeon, and 1 for Jeju-do. The physicochemical properties were as follows: pH 8.0, EC 11.6 mS/cm, SS 5,188 mg/L, TKN 847mg/L, ${{NH_4}^+}-N$ 317 mg/L, ${{NO_3}^-}-N$ 170 mg/L, Org-N 360 mg/L, TP 193 mg/L, and TK 2,557 mg/L. The total amount of NPK was 3,596 mg/L. The total amount of N-P-K was as follows: a number of 2 at 1,000-2,000 mg/L (4%), a number of 17 at 2,000-3,000mg/L (37%), a number of 11 at 3,000-4,000mg/L (24%), and a number of 16 at 4,000mg/L or more (35%). Thus, 41% of the mature liquid fertilizers were below the official standard of commercial fertilizer (livestock manure liquid fertilizer) (0.3% of the total amount of N-P-K). Most of the N-P-K total amount showed non-uniform characteristics of low nitrogen and low phosphoric acid due to the potassium concentration. The average heavy metal content in the matured liquid fertilizer was as follows: As, not detected; Cd, 0.01 mg/kg; Hg, not detected; Pb, 0.02 mg/kg; Cr, 0.14 mg/kg; Cu, 6.89 mg/kg; Ni, 0.44 mg/kg; and Zn, 20.70 mg/kg. Thus, the official standard of commercial fertilizer was satisfied in all categories, indicating a safe level.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2018

Bacillus subtilis B22, a chemotrophic and aerobic bacterial strain was isolated from homemade kimchi, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. B22 was primarily screened by biochemical, carbon source utilization tests. B22 was used to produce pectinase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase by submerged fermentation under different light sources. B22 was incubated in pectin media and basal media (pH 7.0) under blue, green, red and white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), fluorescent white light, and in darkness at $37^{\circ}C$, orbital shaker 150 rpm for 24 hours. Fermentation under blue LEDs maximized pectinase production ($71.59{\pm}1.6U/mL$ at 24 h) and ${\beta}$-glucosidase production ($56.31{\pm}1.6U/mL$ at 24 h). Further, the production of enzyme increased to pectinase ($156{\pm}1.28U/mL$) and ${\beta}$-glucosidase ($172{\pm}1.28U/mL$) with 3% glucose as a carbon source. Activity and stability of the partially purified enzymes were higher at pH 6.0 to 8.0 and $25-55^{\circ}C$. The effect on the metal ions $Na^+$ and $K^+$ and (moderateactivity) $Mn^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ increased activity, while $Hg^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, and $Fe^{2+}$ inhibited activity. EDTA, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 5,5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoicacid) reduced activity, while tetrafluoroethylene and 1,10-phenanthroline inhibited activity. The amylase was highly tolerant of the surfactants TritonX-100, Tween-20, Tween-80 and compatible with organic solvents methanol, ethanol, isoamylalcohol, isopropanol, t-butylalcohol and the oxidizing agents hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate and sodium hypochlorite, although potassium iodide and ammonium persulfate reduced activity. These properties suggest utility of pectinase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase produced by B. subtilis B22 under blue LED-mediated fermentation for industrial applications.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2012

In this study the natural colorant was extracted from black bean seed coat in aqueous solution and used to dye silk and cotton fabrics. To obtain the optimal dyeing conditions it was examined at various dyeing condition (temperature, pH, time and liquor ratio). The dyeing behavior and the depths of shade which were evaluated in terms of K/S and CIELAB color difference values of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were also investigated. The dyeing fastness evaluated standard light and wash fastness tests. The obtained results were as follows ; The most K/S value of silk and cotton fabrics were obtained when the pH was 4.0 and 4.8, respectively and it increased slightly with dyeing time passes when the dyeing temperatures were at $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ but, it increased at $80^{\circ}C$. The color of silk fabrics changed from yellowish red to yellow at only Fe mordanting among various mordanting. Sn and Ti mordanting of silk fabric and only Ni mordanting of cotton fabric increased the $L^*$ values, but the others decreased. The light fastness of silk fabrics showed 4-6 grade without mordant, 4-5 grade with Al, 3-4 grade with Cu and Sn, and 2-3 grade with Fe as mordant, and that of cotton fabrics showed 1-2 grade without mordant, 2-3 grade with Fe, 2 grade with Cu, 1-2 grade with Al and Sn as mordants. All mordanting coluld not improve the light fastness of fabrics. Washing fastness(fade) of silk fabrics showed 2 grade without mordants and 2-3 grade with mordants and those of cotton fabrics showed 4 grade with Cu, 3 grade without mordant and with Al, Sn and Fe. All of the washing fastness(stain) of both fabrics showed 4-5 grade.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2000

Simultaneous separation and analysis of Ni(II), Pd(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) in peperidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) chelates were investigated by reversed phase liquid chromatography. The optimum conditions for the separation of PDTC metal chelates were examined with respect to the pH, extraction solvent, and mobile phase strength on Novapak $C_{18}$ column using methanol/water mixture as mobile phase. All metal PDTC chelates were eluted in an acceptable range of capacity factor value ($0{\leq}log\;k^{\prime}{\leq}1$). The linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of $0{\sim}1.2{\mu}g/mL$ for five metal ions, and also good precision in the range of 1.96~3.41% RSD was obseved. Under the optimum conditions, trace metat ions in the composite water sample were successfully separated and determined with relative error of ${\pm}2.0%$.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2023

Wastewater generated in the secondary battery production process contains lithium and high-concentration sulfate. Recently, as demand as demand for high-Ni precursors with high-energy density has surged, nickel emission is also a concern. Lithium and sulfate are not included in the current water pollutant discharge standard, so if they are not properly processed and discharged, the negative effect on future environment may be great. Therefore, in this study, the ecotoxicity of lithium, nickel, and sulfate, which are potential contaminants that can be discharged from the secondary battery production process, was evaluated using water flea (Daphnia magna) and luminescent bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri). As a result of the ecotoxicity test, 24-hour and 48-hour D. magna EC₅₀ values of lithium were 18.2mg/L and 14.5mg/L, nickel EC50 values were 7.2mg/L and 5.4mg/L, and sulfate EC₅₀ values were 4,605.5mg/L and 4,345.0mg/L, respectively. In the case of D. magna, it was found that there was a difference in ecotoxicity according to the contaminants and exposure time (24 hours, 48 hours). Comparing the EC₅₀ of D. magna for lithium, nickel, and sulfate, the EC₅₀ of nickel at 24h and 48h was 39.6-37.2% compared to lithium and 0.1-0.2% compared to sulfate, which was the most toxic among the three substances. The difference appeared to be at a similarlevelregardless of the exposure time. The EC₅₀ of sulfate was 253.0-299.7% and 639.5-804.6%, respectively, compared to lithium and nickel, showing the least toxicity among the three substances. The 30-minute EC₅₀ values of luminescent bacteria forlithium, nickel, and sulfate were 2,755.8mg/L, 7.4mg/L, and 66,047.3mg/L,respectively. Unlike nickel, it was confirmed that there was a difference in sensitivity between D. magna and A. fischeri bacteria to lithium and sulfate. Studies on the mixture toxicity of these substances are needed.