• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2023

국내의 부지특성 및 감시 관련 규정은 원자력 안전위원회 고시 제2021-16호 제4조(세부지침)와 원자력 안전위원회 고시 제2021-17호 제16조에 의거하고, 국외는 국제원자력기구(IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency)에서 안전기준을 제시하고 있다(IAEA, 2011). 따라서 국내 중·저준위 방사성폐기물 처분시설은 2006년부터 광역 지질을 포함한 부지 지질/지형, 기상, 수문, 수리지질, 인문사회 등을 망라한 조사를 시행하여 부지 현황에 대한 분석 및 안정성 평가를 수행한다. 부지감시의 수문·지구화학 분야에서는 현장 수질 측정 6항목과 실내 분석 26항목을 감시하고 있으나, 본 연구는 이 중 9개 항목(EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg, SiO₂, Cl, SO₄, HCO₃)을 선정하여 분석하였다. 연구 목적은 물시료 분석자료의 주성분-다중선형회귀-군집 분석과 Piper Diagram 분석결과로부터 해수와 담수(지하수)와의 특성분석 및 해수 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 현장 부지내 지하수 7개 관정(GM-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)과 해수 2개 지점(Sea-1, 2)을 대상으로 통계학적 주성분 분석결과, 대부분의 지하수는2개~4개의 요인으로 구분되고, 해수와의 유사성을 해석하기 위해 확인한 관정은 GM-5, GM-6, GM-1 지점으로 분류되었다. 상기와 같이 해수의 영향을 확인하기 위해 해수 2개 지점과 동일한 군집으로 분류되는 지하수는 GM-5 관정으로 확인되었고, 해안선에서 가까운 GM-5 관정과 같이 유사한 거리에 분포한 지하수 GM-1, 2, 4 관정은 2개 혹은 3개의 최적 군집으로 분류하였을 때도 GM-5와는 다른 특성을 보여주었다. 이는 해안과 인접하더라도 수질은 다른 지질학적 특성(지형, 기상, 단열대 등)에 따라 영향받았음을 지시한다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.63-78
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of experimental study was to prove the effects of Boyangmakseong-bang (BYMSB) treatment on cBSA-induced in a MN mouse model. Methods: We divided mice into 4 groups. The Normal group had no treatment. We used cBSA and induced MN mouse model to the other 3 groups. The Control group was treated with cBSA (9mg/kg i.p) only. The second group, named 'BY-250', was treated with cBSA (9mg/kg i.p) and BYMSB extract (250mg/kg, p.o). The third group, named 'BY-500', was treated with cBSA (9mg/kg i.p) and BYMSB extract (500mg/kg, p.o). After cBSA and BYMSB extract treatment for 4 weeks, the increase in percentage of body weight, proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine and BUN of all groups were measured. The CD3+, CD19+, CD4+, CD8+ cell levels of spleen of all groups were analyzed. IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels of all groups were gauged. H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining and electron microscopy of kidney were observed. Results: BYMSB showed significant decrease in the 24hrs proteinuria, serum total cholesterol, serum IgG levels and BUN levels, and showed significant increase in the serum albumin levels compared with the control group. BYMSB showed increase in the increasing percentage of body weight and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels compared with the control. BYMSB showed decrease in the CD3+ T cells, CD4+ Th cells, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels, but did not show significant change compared with the control. BYMSB showed considerable decrease in the thickening of the GBM on H&E staining, deposition of IgG on immunofluorescence staining and deposition of electron-density on electron microscopy of kidney compared with the control. Conclusions: According to the above results, it is suggested that BYMSB decreases the symptoms of MN induced by cBSA in a mouse model. Therefore BYMSB seems to be applicable to MN in clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.135-154
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• 1992

This study was performed to analyze bond strength, the alterations of the interfaces between metal films which are populary used and considered to contribute to the chemical reaction with porcelain, according to constant ion- beam- mixing, and the relation between interfacial chemical reactions and bond strength in metal/porcelain specimens. For this study, three seperate metals : selected-gold, indium and tin were chosen ; each to be bonded to a seperate body porcelain. Bonding occurs when the metal is deposited to the body porcelain using a vacuum evaporator. The vacuum evaporator used $10^{-5}\sim10^{-6}$ Torr vacuum states for the evaporation of various metals (Au, Sn, In). Ion-beam-mixing of the porcelain/metal interfaces caused reactions when the Ar+ was implanted into thin films using a 80 KeV accelerator. These ion-beam-mixed specimens were then compared with an unmixed control group. An analysis of bond strength and ionic changes between the the metal and porcelain was performed by electron spectroscopy of chemical analysis (ESCA) and scratch test. The finding led to the following conclusions : 1. Light microscopic views of the scratch test : The ion-beam-mixed Au/porcelain specimen showed narrower scratched streams than the unmixed specimen. However, the Sn/porcelain, In/porcelain specimens showed no differences in the two conditions. 2. Acoustic emissions in scratch tests : The ion-mixed Au/porcelain, In/porcelain specimens showed signals closer to the metal/porcelain interfaces than unmixed specimens. Conversely, the ion-mixed Sn/porcelain specimen showed more critical signals in superficial portions than unmixed specimens. 3. After ion- beam-mixing, the Au/porcelain specimen showed apparently increased bond strength, and the In/porcelain specimen showed very slightly increased bond strength. However, the Sn/porcelain specimen showed no differences between ion mixed specimen and the unmixed one. 4. ESCA analysis : The ion-beam-mixed Au/porcelain specimen showed a higher peak separated value (4.3eV) than that of the unmixed specimen(3.65eV), the ion-beam-mixed In/porcelain specimen showed a higher peak separated value (9.43eV) than that of the unmixed specimen(7.6eV) and the ion-beam-mixed Sn/porcelain specimen showed a higher peak separated value (8.79eV) than that of the unmixed specimen(8.5eV). 5. Interfacial changes were observed in the ion-mixed Au/porcelain, In/porcelain and Sn/porcelain specimens. Especially, significant interfacial changes were measured in the ion- mixed Sn/porcelain specimen. Tin dioxide(SnO2) and a combination of pure tin and tin dioxide (Sn+SnO2) were produced. 6. In the Au/porcelain specimen, the interfacial chemical reaction showed increased bond strength between gold and porcelain substrate. But, in the In/porcelain, Sn/porcelain specimens, interfacial chemical reactions did not affected the bond strength between metal and porcelain substrate. Especially, bonding strength on the ion mixed Sn/porcelain specimen showed the least amount of difference.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the presence and severity of Hill-Sachs (HS) lesions on MR arthrography (MRA) of shoulder in patients with Bankart lesions following anterior dislocation and to investigate their relationship with Bankart lesions and frequency of dislocations. Materials and Methods: 86 MRA of shoulder were evaluated in patients with arthroscopic Bankart repairs following anterior dislocations. The largest surface length of HS lesion on MRA and extent of Bankart lesions on arthroscopy were measured. Relationships between length of HS lesions and extent of Bankart lesions and frequency of dislocations were assessed. Results: HS lesions were identified on MRA in 78 patients. The largest surface length of HS lesion ranged from 9.3 mm to 29.6 mm (mean, 18.8 mm). The extent of Bankart lesion ranged from one to six o'clock extent (mean, 4.25 o'clock extent). Three patients had single dislocation and the other 75 patients had recurrent dislocations (mean 24.5 times). The largest surface length of HS lesions was positively correlated with extent of Bankart lesions (p = 0.001, r = 0.37), but not with frequency of dislocation. Conclusion: HS lesion was very common in patients with Bankart lesion. The severity of HS lesions was correlated with extent of Bankart lesions.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.363-368
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• 2014

This study was conducted to find out the optimum composition of nursery soil for raising seedling of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Total 9 kinds of raw materials were used such as peat-moss, perlite, leaf mould, rice bran, gull's guano, castor-oil plant bark, palm bark, cow manure and chicken manure for optimum composition of nursery soil in ginseng. Occurrence of damping-off in ginseng was lowered about 50% in nursery soil type 1, 2 and 4 than in other types nursery soil in June, and occurrence rate of rusty root also lowest in nursery soil type 1. As the salinity of nursery soil increased, so did the occurrence of physiological disorder in ginseng seedling. The cause of salinity increasing in nursery soil has closely relation to $NO_3-N$, $P_2O_5$ and $Na^+$ content. Plant height, root length, diameter and weight were longer and heavier in nursery soil type 1 (mixing ratio of peat-moss, perlite and leaf mould was 50 : 20 : 30 based in volume) than in other types of nursery soil. So nursery soil type 1 was selected for raising seedling of ginseng. pH and electric conductivity (EC) of selected nursery soil type 1 was 5.55 and 0.13 dS/m. Contents of $NO_3-N$ and $P_2O_5$ were 21.0 and 40.0 mg/L, and $K^+$ 0.36, $Ca^{2+}$ 3.38, $Mg^{2+}$ 2.01 and $Na^+$ $0.09cmol^+/L$, respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2015

Purpose: Sclerostin, an inhibitor of Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling, exerts negative effects on bone formation and contributes to periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss. Recent studies have demonstrated that serum sclerostin levels are increased in diabetic patients and that sclerostin expression in alveolar bone is enhanced in a diabetic periodontitis model. However, the molecular mechanism of how sclerostin expression is enhanced in diabetic patients remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, the effect of hyperglycemia on the expression of sclerostin in osteoblast lineage cells was examined. Methods: C2C12 and MLO-Y4 cells were used in this study. In order to examine the effect of hyperglycemia, the glucose concentration in the culture medium was adjusted to a range of levels between 40 and 100 mM. Gene expression levels were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Top-Flash reporter was used to examine the transcriptional activity of the ${\beta}$-catenin/lymphoid enhanced factor/T-cell factor complex. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF{\alpha}$) protein levels were examined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of reactive oxygen species on sclerostin expression was examined by treating cells with 1 mM $H_2O_2$ or 20 mM N-acetylcysteine. Results: The high glucose treatment increased the mRNA and protein levels of sclerostin. High glucose suppressed Wnt3a-induced Top-Flash reporter activity and the expression levels of osteoblast marker genes. High glucose increased reactive oxygen species production and $TNF{\alpha}$ expression levels. Treatment of cells with $H_2O_2$ also enhanced the expression levels of $TNF{\alpha}$ and sclerostin. In addition, N-acetylcysteine treatment or knockdown of $TNF{\alpha}$ attenuated high glucose-induced sclerostin expression. Conclusions: These results suggest that hyperglycemia increases sclerostin expression via the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and $TNF{\alpha}$.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of force and moment produced by Nickel-titanium wires of different sizes at activation and deactivation according to differing vertical bracket displacement. Methods: Superelastic NiTi wires of 3 different sizes (0.014", 0.016", and 0.016" ${\times}$ 0.022") were tied with elastomeric or 0.009-inch stainless steel ligations in a twin-bracket, 0.018-inch slot. A testing machine recorded the effects of simulated activation of 5 distances from 1 to 5 mm and deactivation of 5 distances from 4 to 0 mm, in increments of 1 mm. Results: Frictional force increased the wire stiffness during loading. Ligation of 0.014-inch NiTi wire with O-ring resulted in a significant increase in the stiffness. On application of orthodontic force for 5 mm of vertical displacement of teeth, the effective displacement in the case of the 0.014", 0.016", and 0.016" ${\times}$ 0.022" NiTi wires was 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Our results showed that movement of teeth with large vertical displacement was ineffective because of excessive friction. This finding might contribute to the understanding of the force system required for effective teeth movement and thereby facilitate the application of the appropriate light wire for leveling and alignment.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.325-340
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• 2024

There are several novel uses for dispersing many nanoparticles into a conventional fluid, including dynamic sealing, damping, heat dissipation, microfluidics, and more. Therefore, melting heat and mass transfer characteristics of a 3-D MHD Hybrid Nanofluid flow over a rotating disc with presenting dufour and soret effects are assessed numerically in this study. In this instance, we investigated both ferric sulfate and molybdenum disulfide as nanoparticles suspended within base fluid water. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into linked higher-order non-linear ordinary differential equations by the local similarity transformation. The collection of these deduced equations is then resolved using a Chebyshev spectral collocation-based algorithm built into the Mathematica software. To demonstrate how different instances of hybrid/ nanofluid are impacted by changes in temperature, velocity, and the distribution of nanoparticle concentration, examples of graphical and numerical data are given. For many values of the material parameters, the computational findings are shown. Simulations conducted for different physical parameters in the model show that adding hybrid nanoparticle to the fluid mixture increases heat transfer in comparison to simple nanofluids. It has been identified that hybrid nanoparticles, as opposed to single-type nanoparticles, need to be taken into consideration to create an effective thermal system. Furthermore, porosity lowers the velocities of simple and hybrid nanofluids in both cases. Additionally, results show that the drag force from skin friction causes the nanoparticle fluid to travel more slowly than the hybrid nanoparticle fluid. The findings also demonstrate that suction factors like magnetic and porosity parameters, as well as nanoparticles, raise the skin friction coefficient. Furthermore, It indicates that the outcomes from different flow scenarios correlate and are in strong agreement with the findings from the published literature. Bar chart depictions are altered by changes in flow rates. Moreover, the results confirm doctors' views to prescribe hybrid nanoparticle and particle nanoparticle contents for achalasia patients and also those who suffer from esophageal stricture and tumors. The results of this study can also be applied to the energy generated by the melting disc surface, which has a variety of industrial uses. These include, but are not limited to, the preparation of semiconductor materials, the solidification of magma, the melting of permafrost, and the refreezing of frozen land.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-69
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• 1996

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze stress distribution in implant supporting tissue according to different types of attachments such as combination bar attachment, Hader bar attachment, O-Ring attachment and Dal-Ro attachment that are used in mandibular overdenture by using two osseointegrated implants, to study the influence that POM IMC used in bar type attachment has in implant supporting tissue and compare the preceding analyses to find out an effective stress distribution method. Three dimensional photoelastic method was used to obtain the following results. (A) Analysis of stress distribution according to attachment type 1. Under vertical load condition, compressive stress was seen at implant supporting area of working side on all the photoelastic models but in Hader bar attachment tensional stress was seen at distal upper area of implant supporting area. Relatively Hader bar and O-Ring attachment showed even stress distribution pattern. 2. Under vertical load condition, compressive stress at implant apex area and tensional stress at implant lateral supporting area were seen at nonworking side of all models. 3. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, general compressive stress was seen at working side implant supporting area in most of the models, especially at distal upper supporting area higher compressive stress concentration was seen in combination bar attachment and tensional stress concentration, in Hader bar attachment. 4. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, compressive stress at implant apex area and tensional stress at implant lateral supporting area were seen at nonworking side of all models, except O-Ring model which showed compressive stress only. (B) Influence of POM IMC to stress distribution in bar type attachment 5. Under vertical load condition, better stress distribution pattern was seen at working side of combination bar and Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC. 6. Under vertical load condition, stress value was increased at nonworking side of combination bar attachment model using POM IMC and tendency of increasing compression was seen at nonworking side of Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC. 7. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, better stress distribution pattern was seen at working side of combination bar attachment model using POM IMC but tendency of increasing stress was seen on working side of Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC. 8. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, stress reduction was seen at nonworking side of combination bar attachment model using POM IMC but tendency of increasing stress was seen at nonworking side of Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2008

In the present study, we assessed the effects of white ginseng and red ginseng extract on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. The cognition-enhancing effect of ginseng extracts was investigated using the Morris water maze and Y-maze test. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.), an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor. Tacrine was used a positive control. Ginseng extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.), tacrine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) administration significantly reduced the escape latency during training in the Morris water maze (p<0.05). At the probe trial session, scopolamine significantly increased the escape latency on day 5 in comparison with control (p<0.01). The effect of ginseng extracts on spontaneous alternation in Y-maze was similar to that of scopolamine treated group. In addition, numbers of arm entries were similar in all experimental groups. Moreover, red ginseng extract significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in the cortex and serum (p<0.05). Brain ACh contents of ginseng extract treated groups increased more than that of scopolamine group, which did not show statistically significant. These results suggest that ginseng extract may be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment.