• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.159.2-159.2
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• 2011

Hyundai Heavy Industries has developed a tidal current energy converter utilizing the accumulated technology as the world largest constructor for ship and offshore structures. The model has two sets of turbines in both ends in order to utilize the bi-directional current flows in flood and ebb tide. The torque produced by turbine in tidal current is directly delivered to generator along the horizontal axis, in which the turbine, gear, generator, gear and turbine are connected successively. The manufactured model for field test has the turbine diameter of 5 meters to produce the maximum power of 500kW at maximum current speed of 5m/s. The technical verification of tidal power converter was performed by means of small scale model test in towing tank as well as field test at the Strait of Uldolmok located in Jindo of Jeollanamdo province. Field test was performed by mounting the tidal current converter on the SEP(Self Elevating Platform) which could lower the 4 vertical legs on the seabed and could elevate platform over the water surface using the hydraulic power for itself. The field test performed for a month shows that power output is similar or larger compared with the expected one in design stage. This paper presents the development of tidal current energy converter and real sea field test by Hyundai Heavy Industries. This project has finished successfully and provided the technical advance toward commercial services for tidal current power generation in the south-west region in Korea.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2008

서해안 갯벌에 서식하는 양식대상 패류 중에서 백합 Meretrix lusoria은 가장 고급 품종으로서 각광받고 있지만, 수많은 연구에도 불구하고 하절기부터 가을까지 지속적으로 발생하는 폐사로 인하여 생산성은 낮은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 갯벌에 서식하는 백합의 환경요인 중에서는 수온 및 염분과 더불어 가장 중요한 요인이 갯벌의 지온일 수 있다는 가정하에 갯벌의 지온을 시기별, 깊이별로 조사하였다. 백합의 내부방어기능을 이해하기 위한 지표로서는 혈림프 중에 존재하는 혈구의 밀도와 혈구의 종류별 조성비율을 조사하였다. 표층으로부터 1cm 깊이의 지온은 봄철에는 $8.7{\sim}26.8^{\circ}C$, 여름철에는 $27.6{\sim}32.8^{\circ}C$ 였으며, 유의차는 없었지만 공기 중에 노출된 곳보다는 해수가 고인 지점의 지온이 더 높았다. 백합의 성장기인 봄(3월)부터 가을(10월)까지 정상적인 백합의 잠입깊이는 평균 $0.9{\sim}3.6cm$ 였으며 겨울철(2월)에는 평균 8.0cm 까지 잠입하였고, 서식지의 기온, 수온, 지온 등이 잠입깊이와 높은 상관관계가 있었다. 백합의 잠입소요시간은 2월에 약 40분, 8월에 약 5분으로서 시기별 차이가 컸고 서식지의 온도환경의 영향이 매우 컸다. 백합의 비만도는 습중량과 건조중량을 이용하여 4가지 방법으로 조사해 본 결과, 여름기간 중에는 김제산 백합의 비만도가 더 높았으며, 태안산 백합은 5월 이후에 김제산 백합에서는 6월 이후에 비만도 감소가 나타났다. 백합 혈중의 총혈구수는 태안산의 경우 6월에서 7월로 가며 급격한 감소를 보였고, 김제산은 태안산과 변화패턴은 비슷하였으나 최저치를 나타내는 시기는 태안산보다 1개월 늦은 8월이었고, 9월부터 11월 사이에는 급격한 증가를 보였다. 백합의 혈구는 대과립구, 소과립구, 무과립구로 나뉘며, 봄에서 가을로 가며 소과립구는 지속적으로 증가하는 반면, 무과립구의 비율은 감소하는 특성을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과, 백합 양식장의 폐사로 인한 피해감소와 생산성 향상을 위한 과학적 관리를 위하여는, 연안의 수온 뿐 아니라 갯벌의 지온이 환경요인으로서 매우 중요하게 지속적으로 모니터링할 필요성이 있었다. 백합의 행동학적 특성으로서 노출직후 다시 잠입하는 데 소요되는 시간, 생물학적 지표로서 비만도, 총혈구수 및 혈구의 종류별 조성 등을 개체 수준에서 각 지표들간의 상호 관련성을 밝힐 수 있다면 자연산 및 양식 백합의 건강상태를 예측할 수 있는 지표로서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2007

한강 본류의 잠실 및 신곡 수중보가 흐름에 미치는 영향을 적절히 모의할 수 있도록 FLDWAV 모형을 수정, 개선하였다. 고정보 측에서 발생하는 월류형 흐름에 대해서는 월류 유량 관계식을, 가동보 측에서의 하도형 흐름에 대해서는 Manning 형의 유량관계식을 각각 적용함으로써 복합적인 형태의 수중보 흐름을 모의하도록 하였다. 월류 유량식으로는 수중 위어형 및 자유 월류형 흐름에 대한 식들이 적용 가능하며, 가동보 개방시 또는 미개방시의 흐름을 모두 모의할 수 있다. 모형의 적용성을 검증하기 위하여 수중보 지점에서의 다양한 조건에 대하여 계산을 수행한 결과, 각 경우에 대한 배수효과가 잘 모의되었다. $M_2$ 및 $S_2$, 2개 분조에 대한 합성 조위를 생성, 대조 및 소조시의 조위 조건을 하류단 경계조건으로 하여 과거 홍수사상에 대한 모의계산을 수행하였다. 홍수규모가 작을수록 대조 및 소조 시 계산유량의 차이가 커지고, 감조구간도 상류쪽으로 확장되는 경향이 명확히 나타났다. 평수시 흐름에 대한 모의기능을 검사한 결과, 수중보의 존재로 인한 수위의 불연속성이 잘 모의되었다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

낙동강 하구는 세계적 철새 서식지로 부산의 관광명소인 해운대와 광안리의 모래 공급지로 다양한 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구는 낙동강 하구(진우도, 신자도, 도요등, 다대포) 해안의 장기간 지형변화를 탐지 해석 하였다. 34년간의 위성영상 분석 결과 진우도의 전면과 후면의 중간부분이 증가하고, 신자도는 1970년 띠 형태로 양분, 80년대 이후 하나의 섬으로 형성하여 서쪽 방향으로 길게 형성된다. 1990년대 이후 백합등 전면의 소규모 섬들이 급격히 발달하여 90년대 후반 도요등을 형성하여 성장하고 있었다. 낙동강 하구역 해안지도 제작을 위해 1975년부터 2009년간 Landsat 영상 112매 중 조위가 $99{\pm}13cm$인 영상 12매를 선택하고 NDVI값을 이용해 수역과 육역을 구분하였다. 그리고 GIS의 DSAS 4.0(Digital Shoreline Analysis System)과 MATLAB을 이용해 EPR(End Point Rate), LRR(Linear Regression Rate)등 해안선 변화율을 산정하였다. 지형변화탐지결과 EPR은 진우도 전면과 후면은 -0.93~2.56m/yr로 남진하고 해안선과 면적변화는 적고 안정적이며 신자도 전면과 후면은 1~4m/yr로 북진하나 서측은 2~3m/yr로 안정되고 동측은 10m/yr이상 북진하고 있다. 도요등 전면과 후면은 18~27m/yr로 북진, 면적은 증가하고 다대포해안은 7m/yr로 서진하며 확대되었다. LRR 또한 EPR과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 위성영상과 GIS 분석을 통해 지형변화 탐지와 자연현상의 정량적 분석이 가능하였지만 자연현상의 지속적인 관찰과 다양한 분석 방법이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.304-314
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• 2015

본 연구는 해수면 상승 취약성 지수 개발을 통한 국가차원의 효율적인 대응을 위하여 기존 연안 취약성 지수 현황을 조사하고, 우리나라 동해안 적용을 통하여 미래 취약성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 조사한 취약성 지수는 미국지질조사국(USGS) 지수, 해수면 상승 지수, 복합 취약성 지수, 다중스케일 취약성 지수를 포함하며, 이 중국가정책 차원의 활용도와 가용 자료를 고려하여 연안 외력(해수면 상승, 파랑, 조석)과 해안의 적응 능력(지형, 침식률, 경사도)의 함수로 취약성을 나타내는 USGS 지수를 선정 평가하였다. 현재 동해안의 취약성 지수는 1.826~22.361(평균 7.085)이였으며, 1 m 해수면 상승 시 2.887~30.619(평균 12.361)로 증가하였다. 매우 높은(VERY HIGH) 취약도를 나타내는 해안은 현재 8.57%에서, 1 m 해수면 상승 시 35.56%로 증가하였다. 취약도 변화는 지자체에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 강릉시, 양양군, 고성군에서 높게 나타났다. 이들 위험 지역의 토지이용은 농지, 주거지, 도로 등의 인간시스템과 사빈, 습지, 산림 등의 자연시스템 공히 많은 분포를 나타내어, 기후변화 시대의 해안토지이용의 변화를 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 취약성 지수의 정책적 활용 및 특정 취약 해안 적응을 위하여 취약성 지수에 의한 스크리닝, 영향 모델에 의한 취약지 영향평가 및 이들 평가에 기초한 확률적 리스크 정량화 등 3단계 취약성 평가 체계를 제안하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2021

Heterotrophic dinoflagellates Gyrodinium spp. are one of the major grazers of phytoplankton in many coastal waters. Gyrodinium dominans, G. jinhaense, and G. moestrupii have similar morphologies but different edible prey species. To explore the variations in the ecological niches of these three species, we investigated their spatial-temporal distributions in Korean waters. Because of the high similarity in morphology among these three Gyrodinium species, we used real-time polymerase chain reactions to quantify their abundance in water samples that were seasonally collected from 28 stations along the Korean Peninsula from April 2015 to October 2018. Cells of G. dominans were found at all sampling stations, G. jinhaense at 26 stations, and G. moestrupii at 22 stations, indicating that all three species were widely distributed in Korea. Furthermore, all three species displayed strong seasonal distributions. The largest numbers of the stations where G. dominans and G. jinhaense cells were present were found during the summer (26 and 23 stations, respectively), but that for G. moestrupii was found in the autumn (15 stations). The abundance of G. dominans was positively correlated with that of G. jinhaense, but not with that of G. moestrupii. The highest abundances of G. dominans (202.5 cells mL-1) and G. jinhaense (20.2 cells mL-1) were much greater than that of G. moestrupii (1.2 cells mL-1). The highest abundances of G. dominans and G. jinhaense were found in July, whereas that of G. moestrupii was found in March. The abundances of G. dominans and G. jinhaense, but not G. moestrupii, were positively correlated with water temperature. Therefore, the spatial-temporal distributions of G. dominans and G. jinhaense were closer than those of G. moestrupii and G. dominans or G. jinhaense. This differs from results based on the relative differences in ribosomal DNA sequences and the types of edible prey reported in the literature. Thus, the variations in spatial-temporal distributions and prey species of these three Gyrodinium species suggest that they may have different ecological niches in Korean coastal waters.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1394-1408
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• 1968

The tidal discharge is defined as the quantity of water flowing through a certain cross-section per unit of time, in contrast to river discharges, tidal discharges change periodically in magnitude and direction. Thus the total volumes of water flowing into again out of the system-called flood volume and ebb volume, respectively, depend on both the tidal and the river discharges. To ditermine the tidal discharge and the flood and ebb volumes of the Yong-san river, the discharges were measured at spring, mean and neap tide and simultaneous gage reading were taken at Samhak-do, Lower Myo-do, Myongsan-ni and Naju. The general procedure for measuring the tidal discharges was as follows. First, several cross-sections were measured and one of them was chosen. First, several cross-sections were measured and one of them was chosen. Then verticals were serected in the chosen cross section. Because comparatively few verticals should be representative of the discharge distribution over the river profile, the selection was done in accordance with the somtimes irregular bottom profile. The velocities were measured with the same current meters. The observations which included water level readings were continued for a period of about 13 hours. The current direction meter, a pyramid shaped resistance body, suspend in the water on a thin wire. The bubble in a circular tilting level fixed to the wire indicates the direction of the current. Reading were taken at intervals of 1m for depths of 10m or less, and for depths over 10m at intervals of 2m, going downwards and upwards. The averages of the two velocities were used for the computation of the discharges. The discharges and the flood and ebb volumes were ditermined by a graphical method. The mean velocities, corrected for their direction when necesary, were ditermined for each time interval and each vertical, and these velocities were plotted against the time. The resulting curves show possible mistakes very clearly, and the effect of observation errors could be reduced. The corrected velocities read from the curve at half-hour intervals were multiplied by the depth at the virtical at the corresponding time. The discharges thus found were ploted against the position of the vertical in the transit and joined by a smooth curve, integration of the curve rendered the total discharges as they occurred of half-hour intervals. Plotting these total discharges against the time yeilded during the day. The flood and ebb volumes were obtained by integration of the total discharge curve.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.703-713
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• 2020

In this study, carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature at different elevations were observed and analyzed in the upper atmosphere of mud flat and reed beds at low tide in Suncheon Bay. The carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature sensors were mounted on the drone, and the carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature by altitude (5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 40 m) at five points in the tidal flat and reed beds were observed in the morning and afternoon. The carbon dioxide concentrations in the upper atmosphere of the tidal flat ranged from 453.0 to 460.2 ppm in the morning and 441.6 to 449.7 ppm in the afternoon. The carbon dioxide concentrations in the upper atmosphere of the reed beds ranged from 448.9 to 452.4 ppm in the morning and 446.0 to 454.4 ppm in the afternoon. The carbon dioxide concentrations in the upper atmosphere of the tidal flat was higher in the morning than in the afternoon, and the carbon dioxide concentration decreased as the altitude increased. The carbon dioxide concentration in the upper atmosphere of the reed beds was similar in the morning and afternoon at all altitudes, and the carbon dioxide concentration decreased as the altitude increased. The correlation coefficient between carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature observed in the tidal flat in the morning was -0.54 ~ -0.77, and the correlation coefficient between carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature observed in the afternoon was 0.56 ~ 0.80. The correlation coefficient between carbon dioxide concentration and temperature observed in the morning in the reed field was low, below 0.3, and the correlation coefficient between carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature observed in the afternoon was 0.35 ~ 0.77. In the upper atmosphere of the tidal flats and reed beds, the linear function was suitable for the change of carbon dioxide concentration as a air temperature, and the coefficient of determination of the estimated linear function was higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Through this study, it was confirmed that the carbon dioxide concentration in the upper atmosphere of the tidal flat and the reed beds was different, and the increase rate of carbon dioxide concentration in the upper atmosphere of the tidal flat and the reed beds was higher in the afternoon than in the morning.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2014

Mixotrophic protists play diverse roles in marine food webs as predators and prey. Thus, exploring mixotrophy in phototrophic protists has emerged as a critical step in understanding marine food webs and cycling of materials in marine ecosystem. To investigate the feeding of newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Ansanella granifera, we explored the feeding mechanism and the different types of species that A. granifera was able to feed on. In addition, we measured the growth and ingestion rates of A. granifera feeding on the prasinophyte Pyramimonas sp., the only algal prey, as a function of prey concentration. A. granifera was able to feed on heterotrophic bacteria and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. However, among the 12 species of algal prey offered, A. granifera ingested only Pyramimonas sp. A. granifera ingested the algal prey cell by engulfment. With increasing mean prey concentration, the growth rate of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. increased rapidly, but became saturated at a concentration of $434ngCmL^{-1}$ (10,845 cells $mL^{-1}$). The maximum specific growth rate (i.e., mixotrophic growth) of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. was $1.426d^{-1}$, at $20^{\circ}C$ under a 14 : 10 h light-dark cycle of $20{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$, while the growth rate (i.e., phototrophic growth) under similar light conditions without added prey was $0.391d^{-1}$. With increasing mean prey concentration, the ingestion rate of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. increased rapidly, but slightly at the concentrations ${\geq}306ngCmL^{-1}$ (7,649 cells $mL^{-1}$). The maximum ingestion rate of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. was 0.97 ng C $predator^{-1}d^{-1}$ (24.3 cells $grazer^{-1}d^{-1}$). The calculated grazing coefficients for A. granifera feeding on co-occurring Pyramimonas sp. were up to $2.78d^{-1}$. The results of the present study suggest that A. granifera can sometimes have a considerable grazing impact on the population of Pyramimonas spp.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.180-194
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• 1985

The author investigated the history of oyster culture in Korea through examining old books and reports dealing with the fishery. Oysters have been produced in the all coastal areas in Korea, especially the center areas of production were the Hwangupo (Hamkyongbuk-do), Younghungman (Hamkyongnam-do), the estuary of Nakdonggang (Kyongsangnam-do), Kwangyangman, Haechangman, the estuary of Yongsangang (Chollanam-do), Yonghoto (Hwanghae-do) and the estuary of Uprockgang, where the large size oyster (more than 40cm in shell height) inhabited in form of groups. It was called by nine different names in the old times, Gul, Seukhwa and Moryeo were the most common names. The oyster was used as 46 kinds of medicinal stuff. The habitat forms of natural oyster can be distinguished to two types; one is that oyster is exposed to the air during the period of low tide (A-type), another is that oyster is not (B-type). The first oyster culture by the old books in Korea was started about 530 years ago as the bottom culture method derived from the A-type of oyster. After long years, the hanging culture method might have been started from the hint of the habitat form of B-type. The oyster culture in Korea developed based on the habitat forms of natural oyster at the biginning of 1900s. After World War II, the Korean government strongly recommded the laver farmers to culture oyster as relief measures. At that time, the stone culture method was mainly adopted. The quantity of oyster production is now about $15{\times}10^6{\sim}19{\times}10^6\;\frac{M}{T}$, and the half of oyster production including seed oyster is exported to the foreign countries.