• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.55.1-55.1
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• 2011

Dye-sensitized solar cell(DSSC) have been considered one of the promising alternatives to conventional solar cells, because of their low cost, easy fabrication and relatively high energy conversion efficiency. However, although the cell offers reasonable efficiency at least 11%, the use of a liquid electrolyte placed technological challenges for achieving the desired durability and operational stability of the cell. In order to prevent or reduce electrolyte leakage considerable efforts have been made, such as p-type semiconductor or organic hole-transport material that better mechanical properties and simple fabrication processes. In this work, we synthesized solid-state electrolyte containing LiI and KI metal salt with starting materials of poly ethylene oxide to substitute liquid electrolyte enhance the ionic conductivity and solar conversion efficiency. Li+ leads to faster diffusion and higher efficiency and K+ leading to higher ionic conductivity. The efficiency of poly ethylene oxide/LiI system electrolyte is 1.47% and poly ethylene oxide/potassium electrolyte is 1.21%. An efficiency of 3.24% is achieved using solid-state electrolyte containing LiI and KI concentrations. The increased solar conversion efficiency is attributed to decreased crystallinity in the polymer that leads to enhanced charge transfer.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.637-645
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• 1998

The characteristics of waveguide, electrode and packaging fabricated for acousto-optic tunable filters(AOTF) used for optical communications were analyzed. A $Ti:LiNbO_3$in-diffusing method was employed for the formation of the optical waveguide with a dimension of width $8{\mu}m$, length $30000-50000{\mu}m$ and varying the thickness. The diffusion was carried at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours to pattern the optical waveguide. The resulted waveguide exhibited a single mode at 1550nm optical wavelength. The width of IDT, with 10 SAM periods, was $5000{\mu}m$ . Impedances of the electrodes deposited with Au were analyzed using a network analyzer; $48.1\Omega$ at the center frequency of 193MHz for electrode thickness of $1500{\AA}$ and $50.7\Omega$ at the center frequency of 192MHz for $1600\AA$. And the characteristics of packaged AOTF was analyzed. When the electrical frequency 177.1MHz was applied to the device, the mode conversion efficiency was measured as 63% at the optical wavelength 1515nm.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2014

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become popular electrochemical devices. Due to the unique advantages of LIBs in terms of high operating voltage, high energy density, low self-discharge, and absence of memory effects, their application range, which was primarily restricted to portable electronic devices, is now being extended to high-power applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs). Among various anode materials, $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ (LTO) is believed to be a promising anode material for high-power LIBs due to its advantages of high working potential and outstanding cyclic stability. However, the rate performance of LTO is limited by its intrinsically low electronic conductivity and poor $Li^+$ ion diffusion coefficient. This review highlights the recent progress in improving the rate performance of LTO through doping, compositing, and nanostructuring strategies.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.535-539
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• 2006

가연성 폐기물 가스화반응으로 생성되는 합성가스내의 $CO_2$ 제거반응에서 $Li_2ZrO_3$와 알칼리염 첨가제의 효과를 열중량 분석기를 이용하여 그 특성을 연구하였다. $Li_2ZrO_3$는 고체상태의 $ZrO_2$와 $Li_2CO_3$를 합성하여 제조하였고, 반응성향상을 위하여 $K_2CO_3$, $Na_2CO_3$, NaCl, LiCl 등의 알칼리염을 첨가한 후 열처리하여 사용하였다. 첨가한 알칼리염에 따른 반응성 향상은 $K_2CO_3>NaCl>LiCl>Na_2CO_3$ 순으로 나타났고 이는 $Li_2CO_3$의 partial melting에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. 반응 시료의 SEM 분석 결과 용융상태의 존재를 확인할 수 있었고, XRD를 통해 첨가된 알칼리염들의 화학적 성분 변화는 일어나지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. NaCl을 사용한 경우 반응 초기에 60분 정도의 유도시간이 발생하였으며, $Na_2CO_3$가 첨가된 경우 $700{\sim}750^{\circ}C$에서도 $Li_2ZrO_3$의 $CO_2$ 제거반응에 의해 생성된 $Li_2CO_3$의 분해가 유도되지 않아 반응성 감소현상이 나타나지 않았다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2000

불소고분자(ETFE, ECTFE, PVDF)내로 방향족 유기용매(벤젠, 톨루엔, 클로로벤젠)의 비정상 흡수실험에서 non-Fickian (혹은 비이상적인) 확산이 관측되었다. 본 연구에서는 Fick's 법칙에 바탕을 둔 확산모델식(Crank, Long ＆ Richman, Berens ＆ Hopfenberg, Neogi, Li)을 이용하여 방향족 유기용매의 흡수실험에서 관측된 비이상적 흡수데이터론 분석하였다. 모델식의 매개변수 값은 실험데이터와 모델 예측 값의 차이를 최소화하는 least square 법을 이용하여 결정하였다. Fickian 확산으로부터 약간 벗어나는 ETFE 흡수데이터는 앞에서 언급한 모델식들을 이용하여 모두 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 특히 Neogi 모델식은 ETFE-용매계의 고유확산계수(0.4~0.8$\times$$10^-5{cm}^2$/day) 및 평형 확산계수(0.13~0.31$\times$$10^-4{cm}^2$/day), 고분자구조의 이완 속도상수 값을 예측해주었다. PVDF의 전형적인 sigmoidal 흡수데이터에 대해서는 Crank 모델이 비교적 잘 적용되었으며, 초기 확산계수와 평형 확산계수간의 비($D_{\infty}/D_i$)는 80~200의 값을 나타내주었다. 가속적인 흡수데이터를 나타내주는 ECTFE의 경우에는 모든 모델식들의 예측 결과가 상당히 벗어났다. Fickian 확산으로부터 많이 벗어나는 비이상적인 흡수데이터로부터 확산 이동성질과 고분자구조의 이완현상에 대한 정보를 얻기 위해서는 열역학이나 continuum mechanics에 바탕을 둔 새로운 모델식을 적용해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.614-623
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• 1993

높은 알칼리량을 함유하는 LiF-$Li_{2}O-B_{2}O_{3}-P_{2}O_5$계 유리의 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. $Li_{+}$ 이온은 모두 전기전도에 기여하지 않으나 조성에 따른 전기전도도의 변동은 약전해질 모델을 따르지 않았다. 또한 이동이온의 농도를 구하는데 사용되는 승법칙(power law)의 적용이 가능하지 않았다. 이들 계에서 조성에 따른 전기전도도의 변동은 유리내에서의 이동 가능한 $Li^{+}$이온의 농도변화만으로 또는 이동도의 변화만으로는 설명할 수 없었다. 전도도의 향상은 $(B-O-P)^{o}$ 보다 $Li^{+}$이온의 확산에 부가적인 자리를 제공하는$(B-O-P)^-,di^-$, 및 metaborate가 형성된 것과 관련이 있었다. 전기전도성이 가장 좋은 조성의 $150^{\circ}C$에서의 전기전도도는 $2.43 \times 10^{-4}$S/cm였고 분해포텐샬은 5.94V, emf는 3.14V였고 에너지 밀도는 22Wh/Kg이었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2016

This study involves enhancing the performance of the $Na(Li,Ti)O_2$ system as an Na-ion battery anode with the addition of Mg, which partially replaces Li ions. We perform both computational and experimental approaches to achieve a higher reversible capacity and a faster transport of Na ions for the devised system. Computational results indicate that the $Na(Li,Mg,Ti)O_2$ system can provide a lower-barrier path for Na-ion diffusion than can a system without the addition of Mg. Experimentally, we synthesize various $Na_z(Li_y,Mg_x,Ti)O_2$ systems and evaluate their electrochemical characteristics. In agreement with the theoretical study, Mg addition to such systems improves general cell performance. For example, the prepared $Na_{0.646}(Li_{0.207}Mg_{0.013}Ti_{0.78})O_2$ system displays an increase in reversible capacity of 8.5% and in rate performance of 13.5%, compared to those characteristics of a system without the addition of Mg. Computational results indicate that these improvements can be attributed to the slight widening of the Na-$O_6$ layer in the presence of Mg in the $(Li,Ti)O_6$ layer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2014

Size controlled, $LiNi_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}O_2$ cathode powders were prepared by co-precipitation method followed by heat treatment at temperatures between 750 and $850^{\circ}C$. The synthesized samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical performance. The synthesized $LiNi_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}O_2$ after calcined at $750^{\circ}C$ has a good electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of $190mAhg^{-1}$ and good capacity retention of 100% after 30 cycles at 0.1C ($17mAg^{-1}$). The capacity retention of $LiNi_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}O_2$ after calcined at $750^{\circ}C$ is better than that at 800 and $850^{\circ}C$ without capacity loss at various high C rates. This is ascribed to the minimized cation disorder, a higher conductivity, and higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient ($D_{Li}$) observed in this material. In the differential scanning calorimetry DSC profile of the charged sample, the generation of heat by exothermic reaction was decreased by calcined at high temperature, and this decrease is especially at $850^{\circ}C$. This behavior implies that the high temperature calcinations of $LiNi_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}O_2$ prevent phase transitions with the release of oxygen.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2018

In aqueous rechargeable lithium ion batteries, $LiV_3O_8$ exhibits obviously enhanced electrochemical performance after $AlF_3$ surface modification owing to improved surface stability to fragile aqueous electrolyte. The cycle life of $LiV_3O_8$ is significantly enhanced by the presence of an $AlF_3$ coating at an optimal content of 1 wt.%. The results of powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements confirm that the electrochemical improvement can be attributed mainly to the presence of $AlF_3$ on the surface of $LiV_3O_8$. Furthermore, the $AlF_3$ coating significantly reduces vanadium ion dissolution and surface failure by stabilizing the surface of the $LiV_3O_8$ in an aqueous electrolyte solution. The results suggest that the $AlF_3$ coating can prevent the formation of unfavorable side reaction components and facilitate lithium ion diffusion, leading to reduced surface resistance and improved surface stability compared to bare $LiV_3O_8$ and affording enhanced electrochemical performance in aqueous electrolyte solutions.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.430-436
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• 2006

1550nm 파장대역에서 편광에 관계없이 동작하는 $Ti:LiNbO_3\;2{\times}2$ 삽입/분기 광 멀티플렉서를 구현하였다. 소자는 두 개의 입 출력 광도파로, 두 개의 편광모드분리기, 두 개의 편광모드 변환기 그리고 전기광학효과로 파장을 가변시킬 수 있는 전극으로 구성되었다. TE, TM 편광에 대해서 단일모드 특성을 갖는 채널 광도파로는 x-cut $LiNbO_3$에 Ti 확산 방법으로 제작하였으며, 채널 광도파로 위에 배열된 $SiO_2$ 패드의 전단 스트레인을 이용하여 위상정합 편광모드변환기를 구현하였다. 한편 전기광학효과를 이용하여 파장을 가변시키기 위해서 전압을 인가하여 광도파로의 복 굴절률을 변화시켰다. 0.094nm/V 파장가변률과 최대 17nm 파장을 가변시켰으며, 8.2dB 부 모드레벨과 3.72nm FWHM을 측정하였다.