• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.342-347
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• 2008

This study was to develop processed food with the addition of onion powder by investigating the quality characteristics of cookies with various levels (0, 1, 3, 5 and 10%) of hot-air dried yellow and red onion powder. Moisture (11.59%), crude protein (4.56%), and crude ash contents (3.83%) of yellow onion powder showed higher value than red onion powder. Hot-air dried yellow onion powder showed a higher L and b value as compared with red onion powder because of the unique color of the onion. Browning index was lower in red onion powder than red onion powder. Phenolic contents of yellow onion powder appeared to be higher than that of red onion powder. Total sugar contents were higher in red onion powder than yellow onion powder. The pH of the dough significantly decreased with increase of added onion powder contents. Dough density of control had a significantly higher value than the other samples. Hardness measurement showed significantly higher value with increasing additions of onion powder contents; added red onion powder samples were the most highest when compared to added yellow onion powder samples. Results of sensory characteristics showed significantly higher smell, taste, texture and overall acceptability with 3% added red onion sample. Quality characteristics of 5% added yellow onion powder sample and 3% added red onion powder sample indicated possibilities for developments of onion cookies.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.454-458
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• 2003

This study was conducted to enhance the quality and peach (Yumyung) by ozone treatment. The ozone concentration and treatment time in soaking of peach were 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 ppm and 30 min respectively. Fruit brix degree, titratable acidity, hardness, colors values, and rotten rate were determined in ripening grade Yumyung peach and when fruits were placed at ambient temperuture(25$^{\circ}C$) during 20 days. No great difference occured between control group and all ozone treatment samples in the changes of brix degree, titratable acidity, hardness and color values at my sampling period. However, the rotten rate of ozone-treated peach stored at 25$^{\circ}C$ was lower than that of control sample. The orders of rotten rate in peaches stored for 15 days at 25$^{\circ}C$ were control products > 0.1ppm ozone-treated > 0.3ppm ozone-treated) 0.5ppm ozone-treated. Therefore, optimal renditions of Yumyung peach stored by ozone treatment at ambient temperature during 20 days were ozone concentration of 0.5ppm, treatment time of 30min, and ozone treatment frequency of four times.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 2005

The complex ecosystem of intestinal micro flora is estimated to harbor approximately 400 different microbial species, mostly bacteria. However, studies on bacterial colonization have mostly been based on culturing methods, which only detect a small fraction of the whole microbiotic ecosystem of the gut. To clarify the initial acquisition and subsequent colonization of bacteria in an infant within the few days after birth, phylogenetic analysis was performed using 16S rDNA sequences from the DNA iso-lated from feces on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th day. 16S rDNA libraries were constructed with the amplicons of PCR conditions at 30 cycles and $50^{\circ}C$ annealing temperature. Nine independent libraries were produced by the application of three sets of primers (set A, set B, and set C) combined with three fecal samples for day 1, day 3, and day 6 of life. Approximately 220 clones ($76.7\%$) of all 325 isolated clones were characterized as known species, while other 105 clones ($32.3\%$) were characterized as unknown species. The library clone with set A universal primers amplifying 350 bp displayed increased diversity by days. Thus, set A primers were better suited for this type of molecular ecological analysis. On the first day of the life of the infant, Enterobacter, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc citreum, and Streptococcus mitis were present. The largest taxonomic group was L. lactis. On the third day of the life of the infant, Enterobacter, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, S. mitis, and Streptococcus salivarius were present. On the sixth day of the life of the infant, Citrobacter, Clostridium difficile, Enterobacter sp., Enterobacter cloacae, and E. coli were present. The largest taxonomic group was E. coli. These results showed that microbiotic diversity changes very rapidly in the few days after birth, and the acquisition of unculturable bacteria expanded rapidly after the third day.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2013

The feasibility of incorporating purple sweet potato concentrate (PSPC) as a value-added food ingredient in convenient food products, using a model system of jelly, was investigated. The pH and soluble solids content gradually increased with the increasing levels of PSPC added (p<0.05). The moisture content ranged from 82.03-83.82%. Lightness decreased, whereas redness and yellowness increased significantly with the higher amount of PSPC in the formulation (p<0.05). Turbidity and hardness also increased significantly (p<0.05). Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity increased significantly with the addition of PSPC (p<0.05). The consumer acceptance test indicated that the addition of PSPC had a favorable effect on consumer acceptances in all attributes. The jelly with 2% PSPC is recommended (with respect to the overall acceptance score) for taking advantage of the functional properties of PSPC without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2021

This study carried out the plant sociological survey of Abies nephrolepis forest in Mt. Seorak, which is in danger of deterioration due to the accelerated climate change. We examined seventy quadrats obtained from the survey and used the TWINSPAN technique to classify communities. We then performed the DCA method for the sequence analysis and analyzed the characteristics of each community. A. nephrolepis forest of Mt. Seorak is composed of four communities (A. nephrolepis-Lonicera caerulea var. edulis community, A. nephrolepis-Acer komarovii community, A. nephrolepis-Ac. pseudosieboldianum community, and A. nephrolepis-Betula costata community). Each community showed a different distribution according to location because different microenvironments are formed depending on location such as altitude and slope direction, resulting in different species composition. Each community showed differences in environmental characteristics such as altitude, rock ratio, soil characteristics, and litter layer thickness. As a result, there were significant differences between communities in the number of species and individuals, coverage, tree size, and species diversity, as well as differences in species composition. The A. nephrolepis-L. caerulea var. edulis and A. nephrolepis-Ac. komarovii communities were located in high altitude with high rock ratios and had little development of tree layer. On the other hand, the A. nephrolepis-Ac. pseudosieboldianum and A. nephrolepis-B. costata communities were relatively in low altitude with high soil ratio and had the development of tree layer with high species diversity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1635-1647
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• 2023

Muscle atrophy, which is defined as a decrease in muscle mass and strength, is caused by an imbalance between the anabolism and catabolism of muscle proteins. Thus, modulating the homeostasis between muscle protein synthesis and degradation represents an efficient treatment approach for this condition. In the present study, the protective effects against muscle atrophy of ethanol extracts of Morus alba L. (MA) and Angelica keiskei Koidz. (AK) leaves and their mixtures (MIX) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that MIX increased 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide-induced C2C12 myotube thinning, and enhanced soleus and gastrocnemius muscle thickness compared to each extract alone in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy Sprague Dawley rats. In addition, although MA and AK substantially improved grip strength and histological changes for dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in vivo, the efficacy was superior in the MIX-treated group. Moreover, MIX further increased the expression levels of myogenic factors (MyoD and myogenin) and decreased the expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligases (atrogin-1 and muscle-specific RING finger protein-1) in vitro and in vivo compared to the MA- and AK-alone treatment groups. Furthermore, MIX increased the levels of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) that were reduced by dexamethasone, and downregulated the expression of forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) induced by dexamethasone. These results suggest that MIX has a protective effect against muscle atrophy by enhancing muscle protein anabolism through the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuating catabolism through the inhibition of FoxO3a.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.240-255
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• 2024

Widas Reservoir is situated in an area of 570 ha in the Pajaran Village, Madiun Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, playing an essential role in fisheries, with the average fish catch per year of about 283 tons/year. This study explores the standing stock, growth parameters, mortality, and exploitation rates of several dominant fishes in Widas Reservoir. This study was carried out from February to November 2019. Fish stocks were estimated using acoustic tools, fish catch records, and sizes collected by local enumerators. Fish length frequency sampling was conducted on several dominant fish species, such as Oreochromis niloticus, Barbonymus gonionotus, and Osteochilus vittatus. Based on the length-frequency data, estimating fish population dynamics, the fish population dynamics (infinitive length (L_∞) and growth coefficient (K)) estimation was run in a time series using the Fish Sock Analysis Tool, II (FISAT II) program package. Moreover, the estimation of natural mortality parameters, the fishing mortality parameter, and the exploitation rate was also performed. The approximated overall fish stock in the Widas Reservoir was about 79,848 kg, which lowered with the increase in water depth. Of particular concern, in the surface layer at a depth between 1-5 m, the fish stock reached 58,813 kg, while in the deeper zone (> 15 m), the value significantly lowered by about 98%, reaching 1,219 kg. These results indicate an overfishing in the Widas Reservoir. The value of the exploitation rate (E) of B. gonionotus was 0.748, O. niloticus 0.8, and O. vittatus 0.7, respectively, proving the overfishing states occurred in the study area. Therefore, regulations governing the number of catches and the use of fishing gear are crucial in Widas Reservoir, particularly the use of lift and gill nets with a mesh size of less than 2 cm.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.677-684
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• 2005

This study investigated the changes in physicochemical characteristics after 120 days of aging Korean red pepper paste, 'Kochujang', made of minor cereals in substitution for glutinous rice which has been conventionally used as starch source. The cereals used were waxy job's tears, proso millet, sorghum, barley and foxtail millet, Glutinous rice with barley was used as controls. The items determined were water activity, pH, content of amino nitrogen, chromaticity and sensory test. 1. The water activities(Aw) of Kochujang samples were in range of $0.72{\sim}0.82$ at the beginning of fermentation, with Aw barley paste bing the lowest, and Aw of sorghum paste bing the highest. Then Aw were slowly decreased to the range of $0.49{\sim}0.50$ during 120 days of fermentation 2. The pH of the pastes was in range of $4.94{\sim}5.02$ at the initial time of fermentation, and decreased steadily to 4.32{\sim}4.73 at the end. 3. The content of amino nitrogen was in range of $330.9{\sim}340.7\;mg%$ at the early time of fermentation. The highest content, $351{\sim}381\;mg%$, was observed at the 90th day of aging of glutinous rice paste, 105th day of job's tears paste, 75th day each of barley and proso millet, and 60th day each of sorghum and foxtail millet. 4. The Hunter tristimulus values (L, a, b) of all pastes were gradually decreased during fermentation. The value of barley paste was lowest among the pastes. 5. The texture of barley paste in sensory test showed significant difference with other pastes, whereas there were no differences in color, odor, taste and sensory qualities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2014

To evaluate microbiological and aflatoxin safety on traditional dried persimmon, a total of 315 samples were collected from 105 farms. The collected samples were assessed on aflatoxin and microorganisms (Aerobic plate count, coliform count, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus). The the APC of sliced dried persimmon, dried persimmon, and semi dried persimmon were $3.93{\pm}0.96$, $2.12{\pm}0.93$, and $1.50{\pm}1.08{\log}\;CFU/g$, respectively. S. aureus was detected in 40.0% of sliced dried persimmon, 29.5% of dried persimmon, and 23.5% of semi dried persimmon. E. coli recovered from dried persimmon and semi dried persimmon was 6.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. However, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes were not detected. According to the result of aflatoxin by ELISA and UPLC, aflatoxin was not detected in any sample. These data suggested that safety management system should be introduce to the farms producing traditional dried persimmon to enhance the safety of traditional dried persimmon.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to survey susceptibilities of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates against cefotaxime and to determine the prevalences of CTX-M type extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Korea. During the period of February to July, 2005, 153 E. coli and 52 K. neumoniae isolates were collected from 2 hospitals in Busan. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to cefotaxime were tested by the disk diffusion method. ESBL production of E. coli and K. pneumoniae was determined by the double disk synergy test. MICs of $\beta$-lactam antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Blac$_{CTX-M}$ genes of the organism were detected by PCR. Among 153 isolates of E. coli and 52 isolates of K. neumoniae, 27 (17.6%) and 25 (48.0%) were intermediate or resistant to cefotaxime, respectively. Twenty-three (15.0%) isolates out of 153 E. coli and 13 (25.0%) out of 52 K. neumoniae isolates showed positive results for ESBL by the double disk synergy test. Twenty isolates out of 23 ESBL producing E. coli and 12 out of 13 ESBL producing K. neumoniae isolates harbored biacTx-M gene,11 of ESBL producing E. coli and 12 of ESBL producing K. neuinoniae isolates harbored bla$_{CTX-M}$ gene, 11 of the ESBL producing E. coli and 2 of ESBL producing K. neumoniae isolates harbored bla$_{TEM}$ gene, and 1 of the ESBL producing E. coli and 12 of ESBL producing K. neumoniae isolates harbored bla$_{SHV}$ gene. E. coli and K. neumoniae isolates producing CTX-M-type ESBLs were not uncommon in Korea. It is thought that continuous survey are necessary for inspecting the spread and novel variants of CTX-M-type ESBL genes. Further me]'e investigation and research on ESBL producing strains are needed in order to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria.