• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1836-1843
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• 2019

Objective: Social genetic effects (SGE) are an important genetic component for growth, group productivity, and welfare in pigs. The present study was conducted to evaluate i) the feasibility of the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) approach with the inclusion of SGE in the model in pigs, and ii) the changes in the contribution of heritable SGE to the phenotypic variance with different scaling ${\omega}$ constants for genomic relationships. Methods: The dataset included performance tested growth rate records (average daily gain) from 13,166 and 21,762 pigs Landrace (LR) and Yorkshire (YS), respectively. A total of 1,041 (LR) and 964 (YS) pigs were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 v2 BeadChip panel. With the BLUPF90 software package, genetic parameters were estimated using a modified animal model for competitive traits. Giving a fixed weight to pedigree relationships (${\tau}:1$), several weights (${\omega}_{xx}$, 0.1 to 1.0; with a 0.1 interval) were scaled with the genomic relationship for best model fit with Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: The genetic variances and total heritability estimates ($T^2$) were mostly higher with ssGBLUP than in the pedigree-based analysis. The model AIC value increased with any level of ${\omega}$ other than 0.6 and 0.5 in LR and YS, respectively, indicating the worse fit of those models. The theoretical accuracies of direct and social breeding value were increased by decreasing ${\omega}$ in both breeds, indicating the better accuracy of ${\omega}_{0.1}$ models. Therefore, the optimal values of ${\omega}$ to minimize AIC and to increase theoretical accuracy were 0.6 in LR and 0.5 in YS. Conclusion: In conclusion, single-step ssGBLUP model fitting SGE showed significant improvement in accuracy compared with the pedigree-based analysis method; therefore, it could be implemented in a pig population for genomic selection based on SGE, especially in South Korean populations, with appropriate further adjustment of tuning parameters for relationship matrices.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.693-702
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• 2023

This research explores the potential application of Liquid Red Mud(LRM), a byproduct of industrial processes, in the construction sector. We neutralized LRM(pH 10-12) using nitric acid, aiming to understand its viability in construction applications. The study involved substituting LRM(pH 7-8) in mortar formulations, varying by cement type. We assessed the properties of these mixtures by measuring flow, setting time, and compressive strength. Additionally, X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) analyses were conducted to examine the chemical properties. Results indicated a reduction in flow value for LRM and LN(neutralized LRM) compared to the control (Plain ) across different cement types. The setting times(initial and final) for LRM and LN were notably shorter than Plain. In compressive strength tests, LRM replaced with slag cement showed enhanced initial strength, though long-term strength gains were marginal across different cement types. SEM analysis revealed distinct voids in Plain and LN, with LRM exhibiting a fibrous microstructure. XRD patterns in SN(slag neutralized) resembled those in OR(original red mud) and ON(original neutralized), with a notable peak at a 2θ value of 22°. The study concludes that unneutralized LRM, when substituted for slag cement in mortar, yields superior initial strength compared to its neutralized counterpart.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1967

Since the screw propellers were adopted as ship propulsion devices, the replacement of propeller shaft due to damage was mostly of fatigue failure due to the alternative stresses [1],[2]. To prevent such a failure, hence, it is suggested that careful attention should be paid to account of the alternative stresses on the design stage of the propeller shafts. In connection with this fact the Ship Classification Societies' Rules are regarded simply as guidance for preliminary determination of the shaft diameter. In this paper, limiting the topic to the small and medium-sized motor ships, an evaluation of the Rules formulae to a theoretical based on Soderberg's correlation [5] between the factor of safety and the resultant stresses obtained by application of the maximum shear theory is done. For this purpose eleven (11) ships built recently in Korea were taken as a species(refer to table 2. in text). In the end the following conclusions are made: (1) In general the Rules formulae give considerably larger size of the propeller shaft diameter than that derived from theoretical calculation, that is, about 7% more in AB and BV Rules, and about 20% more in LR and KR-NK Rules. (2) LR Rule gives the largest size of all, and AB Rule is mostly closed value to the theoretical. (3) The formular of the AB Rule is considered to be of the simplest in utilization and of the reasonable.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2019

Finite element analysis is one of the most used tools for studying femoral neck fracture. Nerveless, consensus concerning either the choice of material characteristics, damage law and /or geometric models (linear on nonlinear) remains unreached. In this work, we propose a numerical quasi-brittle damage model to describe the behavior of the proximal femur associated with two methods to evaluate the Young modulus. Eight proximal femur finite elements models were constructed from CT scan data (4 donors: 3 women; 1 man). The numerical computations showed a good agreement between the numerical curves (load - displacement) and the experimental ones. A very encouraging result is obtained when a comparison is made between the computed fracture loads and the experimental ones ($R^2=0.825$, Relative error =6.49%). All specific numerical computation provided very fair qualitative matches with the fracture patterns for the sideway fall simulation. Finally, the comparative study based on 32 simulations adopting linear and nonlinear meshing led to the conclusion that the quantitatively results are improved when a nonlinear mesh is used.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2013

Purpose: Abdominal compressor is used to control breathing in stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung tumors frequently. We evaluated the dynamic variation aspect of internal tumor volume by breathing. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 20 lung cancer patients (7 upper lung patients, 4 middle lung patients, 9 lower lung patients) who received stereotactic body radiotherapy using abdominal compressor between April 2012 to April 2013. Coordinate shift values were obtained by using four-dimensional cone-beam CT (4D-CBCT) to investigate treatment set-up error and moving tumor position error. To investigate how much difference of each part, we compared 95% confidence interval, maximum values and minimum values of three-dimensional vector value and analyzed conformity degree through the Pearson square correlation coefficient. Results: 95% confidence interval of three-dimensional vector value of each part is 1.8~2.9 mm in upper lobe, 2.3~5.4 mm in middle lobe and 2.2~4.0 mm in lower lobe. Conformity degree was the result that respectively is LR direction 0.75, SI direction 0.68 and AP direction 0.63 in upper lobe, LR direction 0.82, SI direction 0.51 and AP direction 0.92 in middle lobe and LR direction 0.63, SI direction 0.50 and AP direction 0.34 in lower lobe. Conclusion: We showed difference by each site in lung tumor due to respiration by using abdominal compressor. Therefore, we must correct treatment set-up error as well as moving tumor position error by breathing. It is also considered to be useful that it is the use of 4D-CBCT when correcting the error due to various dynamic variation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.113-127
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• 2007

Objectives : To inform the 5th WHO Informal Consultation meeting on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Point Locations, held in Osaka, Japan, on September $27{\sim}29$, 2005. Results and Conclusions : Nine experts from Korea, China and Japan discussed the principles of acupuncture points locations and the point locations of 33 controversial acupoints that were not agreed at the previous meeting, as well as 328 non-controversial points that all 3 nations agreed on the locations to confirm the expression of every single point. Through this meeting, the locations of ST30, SP12, LR7 and expressions of LU6, LI8, LI9, LI10, LI 13, SP13, BL60, KI3, GB38, LR11, LR12 were agreed. Furthermore, locations of BL39, GB27, GB28 were confirmed out of 6 non-discussed points. However, several points were still required to held additional meeting to discuss. That includes LI19, LI20, ST36, ST37, ST38, ST39, SI6, KI9, PC8, PC9, TE9, TE17, TE23, GB7, GB30, GV26. In addition, foundation for the international society for the acupuncture point location was proposed to make a regular revision of standard acupuncture point location.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 1992

Spent PWR fuel rods have been scanned axially and sectionally to measure the relative gamma-ray intensity of Cs-137 and then bumups of the scanned rods determined by measuring Nd-148 which has been chemically separated. From these experimental results, a linear relation(LR) between the gamma-ray intensity of Cs-137 and the bumup in the range of 10∼35 GWD/MTU was obtained. In order to validate the LR, the Cs-137 gamma-ray intensity of unknown sample was nondestructively measured and the bumup obtained by the LR was compared with that of the Nd-148 method. It is revealed that the results from both methods are in good agreement, and thus it seems to be possible to estimate the bumup of spent PWR fuel rod by measuring nondestructively gamma-ray of fission product Cs-137.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding two strains of Lactobacillus and virginiamycin on performance, nutrients digestibility and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks(Abor acres$\times$Abor Acres) were randomly allocated into six treatments with four replications for five weeks. Control(no supplement), 0.05% virginiamycin(VM), Lactobacillus crispatus avibro1(LC), Lactobacillus reuteri avibro2(LR), LC+0.05% VM(LC+VM), LR+0.05% VM(LR+VM) were supplemented into basal diets, which contained ME 3,100kcal/kg and CP 22.0, 20.0% for starting and finishing period, respectively. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion(FC) were weekly measured. Nutrients digestibility, intestinal microflora and fecal noxious gas were examined at the end of experiment. Weight gains of chicks fed Lactobacillus or VM was significantly higher than control(P〈0.05). Feed intake increased significantly in those supplemental groups(P〈0.05). FC of chicks fed Lactobacillus or VM significantly lower than control(P〈0.05). Degestibility of crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus improved significantly in alone or combined Lactobacillus treatments(P〈0.05). Whereas DM, crude fat and ash digestibility were not statistically different. Feeding Lactobacilli tended to increase the total Lactobacillus spp. in ileum at one and three weeks of age(WOA) and showed significantly higher in cecum than control at 5 WOA. Total yeast were not shown difference at 1 and 3 WOA, but significantly increased at 5 WOA(P〈0.05). The ileal and cecal anaerobes were started to increase from the first WOA. Fecal NH$_3$gas tended to decrease in Lactobacillus treatments compared to that of other treatments.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.spc
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• pp.19-30
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• 2014

Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria are severe hepatotoxins for mammalian and protein phosphatase inhibitors. Irrigation water for grain and vegetables is often contaminated with cyanobacteria and microcystin during warm seasons. We assessed the effects of various concentrations (0, 0.01 to $10{\mu}gmL^{-1}$) of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and microcystin-RR (MC-RR) exposure on Oryza sativa (rice) and Brassica oleraces var. italica (broccoli). The $EC_{50}$ of leaves and roots of rice was 0.9 and $1.1{\mu}gMC-LRmL^{-1}$, respectively. The no observed effect level (NOEL) of rice was less than $0.1{\mu}gmL^{-1}$ ($100{\mu}gL^{-1}$). The $EC_{50}$ of the stems and roots of broccoli was 8.7 and $7.2{\mu}gMC-RRmL^{-1}$, respectively. There was no difference in the germination rate of broccoli among microcystin-RR concentrations. After exposure to 0, 0.01 to $10{\mu}gmL^{-1}$ MC-RR for seven days, 14, 89 and 154 ng mg-1 (dry weight) MC-RR accumulated in B. oleracea. These $EC_{50}$ values showed that microcystin-LR and -RR affected the growth of rice and broccoli. These findings suggest that MC is carried into terrestrial ecosystems via irrigation, and that the biota of higher ecological niches can be influenced by MC through bioaccumulation. Therefore, a guideline for MC concentrations in irrigation water should be set using the NOEL.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 2021

Objectives : Source acupoint is one of the representative acupoints to treat various diseases in each meridian. We aimed to identify the patterns of selection of Source acupoints and their associations with diseases using clinical trials data. Methods : We extracted the frequency of Source acupoints across 30 diseases from clinical trials database. Acupuncture treatment regimens were retrieved from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The frequency of Source acupoint use was calculated as the number of studies using a certain acupoint divided by the total number of included studies. Using hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling, the characteristics of Source acupoints were analyzed based on the similarity of the relationships between the Source acupoints and the diseases. Results : A total of 421 clinical trials were included for this analysis. LR3, HT7, KI3, and LI4 acupoints were most frequently used for the treatment of 30 diseases. Cluster analysis showed that LR3 and LI4 acupoints were grouped together and HT7 and KI3 acupoints were grouped together. Multidimensional scaling revealed that LR3, LI4, HT7, and KI3 acupoints have intrinsic properties in the two-dimensional space. Conclusions : The present study identified the selection patterns of the Source acupoints using clinical trials data. Our finding will provide the understanding of the characteristics of Source acupoints.