• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2010

An alkalophilic microorganism capable of degrading dyes was developed for the treatment of alkaline dye solution. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas species. Using this microorganism, biological treatment of dye was studied in Erlenmeyer flasks. The characteristics of this microorganism were observed under various incubating-condition such as temperature, pH, nitrogen source, and macronutrients concentration. The removal effciencies of Disperse Red 60 from synthetic wastewater were 33.5 ~ 36.9% at the range of $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, and they were 31.1 ~ 36.7% at the range of initial pH 8 ~ pH 10, respectively. The optimal culture medium was found to be 0.25%(w/v) yeast extract, 0.25%(w/v) polypeptone, 0.1%(w/v) $KH_2PO_4$, 0.2%(w/v) $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and 1.0%(w/v) $Na_2CO_3$. In treatment of various dyes using Erlenmeyer flasks, the removal effciencies of Disperse Blue 87, Disperse Yellow 64, Disperse Red 60, Acid Blue 193, Acid Red 138, and Direct Yellow 23 were found to be 76%, 71%, 58%, 93%, 94%, and 90% respectively after 24hrs reaction of alkalophilic strain Pseudomonas sp. YBE-12.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.387-394
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effects of continuous and pH cyclic remineralization, artificial enamel carious lesions were produced on sections of about 2mm thickness of bovine incisor. 0.1M lactic acid solution adjusted to a pH of 4.3 and saturity of $2.98{\times}10^{-8}$ was used as demineralizing solution. The lesions were remineralized with the solution of pH 7.0 containing 1.5mM $CaCl_2$, 0.9 mM $KH_2PO_4$ and 20mM Hepes. In continuous remineralization procedure, the specimens were immersed in remineralizing solution continuously for 72 hours. In pH cyclic remineralization procedure, the sections were immersed in remineralizing solution for 6 hours and in dermineralizing solution for 20 minutes alternately during 72 hours. The effect of remineralization was determined by polarizing microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. The obtained results were as follows. 1. In case of continuous remineralization, the lesion depth was reduced partially or unchanged. 2. In pH cyclic condition, the thichness of surface layer and the lesion depth were increased simultaneously. 3. The mineral content of lesion was recovered to the level of sound enamel by remineraiization.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2009

Ganoderma applanatum is one of the most popular medicinal mushrooms due to the various biologically active components it produces. This study was conducted to obtain basic information regarding the mycelial culture conditions of Ganoderma applanatum. Based on the colony diameter and mycelial density, PDA, YMA and MCM media were suitable for the mycelial growth of the mushroom. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was found to be $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were mannose and dextrin, respectively, and the optimum C/N ratio was 2 to 10 when 2% glucose was used. Other minor components required for the optimal growth included thiamine-HCl and biotin as vitamins, succinic acid and lactic acid as organic acids, and $MgSO_4$ $7H_2C$, $KH_2PO_4$ and NaCl as mineral salts.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.524-528
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• 1989

A $\beta$-Galactosidase producing strain, Alkalophilic Bacillus sp, YS-309, has been isolated from soil sample. The strain was capable of producing large amount of intracellular $\beta$-galactosidase in the alkaline media rather than in the neutral media. The preferable medium composition has been determined to be as follows: 0.5% lactose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% soybean meal, 0.1% KH$_2$PO$_4$, 0.02% MgSO$_4$7$H_2O$ 0,0.6% Na$_2$CO$_3$ (pH 9.9). The enzyme was produced by lactose or IPTG as in-ducer. But both Enzyme synthesis and cellular growth were decreased when lactose was added at the higher concentrations than 1.5% (v/v).

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2000

In order to decolorize disperse dyes by using biological treatment process, a strain which has potential ability to degrade disperse dyes was isolated from natural system. To increase the removal efficiency of decolorization in the aqueous solutions, the optimal condition of decolorization by this strain was investigated, and continuous plant test was also developed. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and pH were found to be 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 8.5~9, respectively. When yeast extract was mixed with polypeptone at the mixing ratio of 1:1 as a nitrogen source, decolorization efficiency was highest(93%) among the nitrogen sources. The strain to be screened was excellent to adjust to pH, and it seems to be have ability to control pH needed to growth. The optimal culture conditions in concentration of $MgSO_4\cdot{7H}_2O$ and $KH_2PO_4$ were 0.1%(w/v) and 0.2%(w/v). The result of continuous plant process using wastewater was as following : $COD_{Mn}$ removal efficiency was over than 50%, and this strain was very excellent in decolorization-efficiency for the wastewater of Taegu dyeing complex.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.491-496
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• 1997

To increase the productivity of microbial chitosan from Rhizopus oligosporus ATCC22959, production medium and incubation conditions were optimized. The composition of the medium and the incubation conditions were like follows : starch+glucose(1:1) 3.0%, yeast extract 3.0%, KH2PO4 0.05%, MgSO4 0.01%, ZnSO4 0.002%, pH 5.0, incubation temperature 3$0^{\circ}C$, and incubation time 96hours. The productivity of chitosan of optimized medium was about 6.4 times higher than that of basal medium.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.355-358
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• 2001

Selection of optima] nutrient sources and cultural methods for liquid spawn culture of Flammulina velutipes were carried out. The optimal temperature and pH for mycelial growth of F. velutipes were $20^{\circ}C$ and 6.0 to 7.5. respectively. In the 250ml ${Delta}$-flask culture. the amount of inoculum and culture period for the optimal mycelial growth of F. velutipes were 3 mycelial disks(diametcr 6mm) and 6 days, respectively. For the mass production of submerged culture. the optimal inoculum amount and aeration rate of F. velutipes were 5%(inoculum vol/medium vol.) and l.0vvm(vol of air/vol. of medium/min), respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1597-1602
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• 2010

Chitinase is one of the most important mycolytic enzymes with industrial significance. This enzyme is produced by a number of organisms including bacteria. In this study, we describe the optimization of media components with increased production of chitinase for the selected bacteria, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, isolated from soil. Different components of the defined media responsible for influencing chitinase secretion by the bacterial isolate were screened using Plackett-Burman experimental design and were further optimized by Box-Behnken factorial design of response surface methodology in liquid culture. Maximum chitinase production was predicted in medium containing 4.94 g/l chitin, 5.56 g/l maltose, 0.62 g/l yeast extract, 1.33 g/l $KH_2PO_4$, and 0.65 g/l $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ using response surface plots and the point prediction tool of the DESIGN EXPERT 7.1.6 (Stat-Ease, USA) software.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1996

Wool fabric and merino wool top were dyed with two dyes, C.I. Acid Red 13 and C.I. Direct Blue 1 in presence of hydrogen peroxide/glyoxal redox system at various conditions such as dyeing time, temperature and redox concentration. The pH of dye bath was 4.5 in buffer solution of $KH_{2}PO_{4}$ (0.1mol/1)/$Na_{2}HPO_{4}$ (0.1mol/1). Also dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with C.I. Direct Blue 1 in absence or presence of redox system. The color depth(K/S) increased with redox concentration and dyeing temperature. The increases in dyeing rate and equilibrium dye exhaustion of Acid Acid 13 and Direct Blue 1 on wool fiber and fabric in the present of hydrogen peroxide/glyoxal have been caused by decreasing in pH value during dyeing process which due to the decomposition of hydrogen ion in glyoxal with the assistance of hydrogen peroxide. But the decreases in exhaustion of Direct Blue 1 on cotton may be attributed to repulsive interac ion between salt and salt.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.140-143
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• 2005

This study was concerned with the optimization of liquid culture conditions for mycelial growth and polysaccharide production and its physicochemical properties in Cordyceps militaris. The one factor at a time method was adopted to investigate the effects of medium composition, environmental factors and C/N ratio. Among the these varialbles, glucose 80g/L, yeast extract 10g/L, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_{2}O\;0.5g/L$, $KH_{2}PO_4\;0.5g/L$ were proved to be the most suitable carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources, respectively. The optimal temperature, initial pH, working volume were identified to be $24^{\circ}C$, 7.0 and 100ml, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the strategies in shake flask culture and 5L jar fermentor led to mycelial growth of 29.43 g/L, 28.88g/L and polysaccharide production of 2.53g/L, 6.38 g/L, respectively. Among the phisicochemical properties, relative concentrations(w/v) of total sugar, uronic acid, protein and hexoseamine were identified to be 74.07%, 1.13%, 0.91%, and 0.46%, respectively. The fraction of neutral and acidic polysaccharide were identified to be 81.9% and 18.1%, respectively.