• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.528-534
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• 2020

The early development and use of plate heat exchangers (PHE) were in response to stringent statutory requirements from dairy products in the late 19th century, but PHEs were not exploited commercially until the 1920s. Since then, although the basic concept of PHEs has changed little, its design and construction have progressed significantly to accommodate higher temperatures and pressures, as well as large heat exchanging capacities. The development of current chevron-type corrugated heat plates has been ongoing since the oil shock in the 1970s to improve energy efficiency. The development trend of PHEs is consistent with the development of larger heat plates with better thermal efficiency, lower pressure drop, and good flow distribution. In this study, the thermal performance of small heat plates (PHE-S) and large heat plates (PHE-L) with the same plate depth and corrugation pitch were analyzed experimentally for each channel (H, M, and L type) to suggest development directions of heat plates. The test results showed that for the convectional heat transfer coefficient, the PHE-S was on average, 16.5% higher in the H type, 25% higher in the M type, and 40% higher in the L type than PHE-L. In the case of the pressure drop, the PHE-S was 19% higher in the H type, 46% higher in the M type, and 61% higher in the L type than PHE-L. These results were attributed to the differences in fluid distribution areas between the PHE-S and PHE-L, among other potential causes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2017

Purpose - Cargo Distribution O2O Business Model is the form of business that connects the cargo and empty cargo-truck based on mobile online platform. In Korean cargo distribution market, FIN(Freight Information Network) is the only model that represents O2O Business Model. The purpose of this paper is investigating the recognition of driver who is the only source of income toward cargo distribution O2O Business Model, and based on the investigated recognition of trucker, suggesting strategic implication. Research design, data, and methodology - PESTLE methodology which is massive environment analysis, and 5 Forces Model when analyze the present and future of cargo distribution O2O business market of industrial structure analysis were used as investigation methodology. Also structured questionnaire was used for trucker's recognition investigation. Based on collected 196 structured effective questionnaires organized with 26 questions were analyzed using statistics package. Results - 51.3% of responded driver is non-differentiated, deprofessionalize form that transport all types of cargo. 95.4% recognize cargo distribution O2O Business Model, FIN is needed, especially during back-hall(94.7%). As a payment method, monthly due is preferred(73%), but it is also needed to pay annual due and pay whenever cargo and cargo-truck are connected(24.5%). Trucker prefer FIN operation corporation which has rich supply(85.2%), and is liberal in supply in any domestic area(75.5%). Conclusions - First, 91% was the member of FIN, and 95% of non-member recognized FIN is needed. 83% of them has the intent to be the member of FIN. Second, besides of monthly due as payment method of FIN, 25% has positive recognition toward new payment method. The new payment method means paying annual due and pay whenever cargo and cargo-truck are connected. Third, because of information imbalance about the cargo and cargo-truck among, operators whose business goal is FIN, it was investigated that transportation fee is low and commission charge of broker is high. The core of Korean Cargo Distribution O2O Business Model, FIN, is online platform that matches cargo and cargo-truck. Therefore, FIN operator should minimize the amount of single transportation of trucker. This study suggests the development of shipper using FIN, diversify distribution channel, suggesting backhaul toward trucker as solution to FIN operator.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.803-812
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• 2017

T-commerce is technology-fusion service on which the user can purchase using data broadcasting technology based on bi-directional digital TVs. To achieve the best revenue under a limited environment in regard to the channel number and the variety of sales goods, organizing broadcast programs to maximize the expected sales considering the selling power of each product at each time slot. For this, this paper proposes a method to predict the sales of goods when it is assigned to each time slot. The proposed method predicts the sales of product at a time slot given the week-in-year and weather of the target day. Additionally, it combines a statistical predict model applying SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) to mitigate the sparsity problem caused by the bias in sales record. In experiments on the sales data of W-shopping, a T-commerce company, the proposed method showed NMAE (Normalized Mean Absolute Error) of 0.12 between the prediction and the actual sales, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method is practically applied to the T-commerce system of W-shopping and used for broadcasting organization.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.226-249
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• 2009

This study aims to establish the regional mix types and models of place marketing strategy. For this purpose, eighty seven cases of place marketing in Gwangju-Jeonnam region during the last two years are reviewed, Twenty seven types of regional mix are abstracted according to space, theme, subject, target, and factor. There are five spatial types(urban mix, zoning mix, zoning urban mix, package urban mix, zoning mix, and space package mix), eight thematic types(culture mix, history mix, tourism mix, industry mix, administration mix, environment mix, transportation mix, and PR mix), five subject types(central government led public mix, local government led public mix, enterprise led private mix, civil society led private mix, and private public partnership mix), four target types(resident mix, tourist mix, enterprise mix, and common mix), and five factor types (organization mix, image mix, point mix, target mix, and channel mix). In the basis of these types, the twenty two primary model of regional mix, and the one hundred twenty six secondary model of regional mix are established.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.984-998
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• 1999

최근 개인 휴대 통신에 대한 관심도가 증가하면서 B-ISDN (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network)과 같은 기존의 유선 망에서 제공하던 다양한 멀티미디어 응용 지원을 무선 망으로 확장시키기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 유선 망에서는 멀티미디어 응용 지원을 위해 QoS (Quality of Service) Provisioning에 관한 많은 연구가 되어 있으나 무선 망에서는 이동성과 무선 전파의 열악한 전송으로 인해 새로운 QoS Provisioning 방법에 관한 연구가 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 무선 망의 특수성으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 서비스의 질 저하와 강제 종료를 줄임으로써 지속적인 QoS를 보장해 주고 한정된 무선 자원을 효율적으로 사용하며 처리에 의한 오버헤드를 줄이기 위하여 다음과 같은 세 가지 방법을 제안하였다. 첫째, 핸드오프 강제 종료율을 줄이기 위하여 대역폭 예약 방법을 사용하되 특정 셀의 트래픽 특성에 맞게 또한 시간대에 따른 트래픽 특성에 따라 예약 대역폭의 양을 조절하는 적응적 대역폭 예약 방법이다. 둘째, 많은 경우 각 셀의 트랙픽 변화는 일정한 주기로 변화한다는 특성에 따라 과거의 트래픽 정보를 이용하는 예측 기반의 대역폭 예약 방법이다. 마지막으로 호의 종류, 트래픽 특성, 단말기의 이동 속도에 따라 다른 우선 순위에 의해 호 수락 제어를 수행하는 우선 순위 기반의 호 수락 제어를 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존에 제안된 방법과 성능 비교하여, 요구되는 수준의 QoS 보장과 효율적인 자원의 사용, 요구되는 처리비용의 최소화를 통해 전체 시스템의 성능 향상을 입증하였다.Abstract As interest in wireless hand-held terminals and in personal communications services increases recently, there have been broad studies on the ways to support multimedia applications provided in wired networks such as B-ISDN (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network) in wireless networks. However, since many studies have focused on Quality of Service (QoS) Provisioning in wired networks to provide multimedia applications, new methods of QoS Provisioning are needed in wireless networks to resolve the problem of wireless channel fading and the difficulty of mobility occurred in wireless networks. This paper proposes three schemes of QoS Provisioning in wireless networks which will make continuous QoS guarantee and efficient use of limited wireless resources possible. The first scheme reserves bandwidth in proportion to the amount of real-time traffic in the neighbor cells to decrease the handoff dropping rate of delay sensitive real-time connections, adapting reserved bandwidth for efficient resource utilization. The second scheme is predictive bandwidth reservation scheme that utilizes the past handoff information. It can decrease overheads required to adapt bandwidth reservation. The last scheme is priority-based call admission control prioritizing traffic type (real-time traffic/ non-real-time traffic), connection type (new connection /handoff connection), and mobile terminal speed (fast mobile/slow mobile). Simulation results show that the proposed QoS Provisioning schemes improve the total system performance by achieving three goals - required QoS guarantee, higher bandwidth utilization and less overhead.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.95-102
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• 2017

Purpose - This study aims to develop diagnostic indices for managerial performance of agro-food distribution corporations. In particular, weights of diagnostic indices were estimated using the AHP method. Management diagnosis on agro-food distribution corporations is expected to increase their competitiveness in the domestic market as well as in international markets. Research design, data, and methodology - It develops weights or importance of the diagnostic indices based upon the survey of 21 experts in food distribution management. The survey was carried out using e-mail. Management diagnostic indices were developed based upon four BSC(Balanced Scorecard) perspectives of finance, learning/growth/leadership, customer, and internal process/technology. Results - Diagnostic indices on financial perspective consist on profitability, productivity, growth, stability and activity. Learning and leadership perspective indices consist of management will, CEO leadership, level of learning, innovation, and level of management information system. Customer perspective indices are branding, customer and channel management and internal process/technology indices consist of fourteen sub-indices representing technologies, efficiency, and dynamics. It was estimated that the weight of financial perspective index was 0.3, internal process/technology perspective index 0.248, customer category index 0.247, and learning, growth and leadership perspective index 0.205. This study also estimates weights of sub-indices for managerial diagnosis by four different perspectives. Estimated weight of profitability (0.085) is the greatest among financial perspective indices, followed by stability (0.072), growth (0.053), productivity (0.051), and activity (0.038). While estimated weights of leadership, capability, and information indices are 0.100, 0.061, and 0.044 respectively, weights of marketing, customer management, and quality and service indices are 0.104, 0.093, and 0.051, respectively. Among internal process/technology perspective, estimated weights of efficiency, technology, and innovation indices are 0.106, 0.088, and 0.054, respectively. Conclusions - The diagnostic indices for managerial performance of agro-food distribution corporations would be utilized by agro-food distribution corporations themselves, extension service institutions, and consultants. It is also expected that central and local governments use diagnostic indices developed in this study for the purpose of evaluating the effects of governmental support programs for agro-food distribution corporations. Futhermore researchers and consultants would modify diagnostic indices developed in this study, reflecting characteristics and situation of types of agro-food distribution corporations.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors to make an exclusive importation contract between foreign fashion brands and local retailers for successful business in Korea. Even though imported fashion brand market shows stead increasing in terms of sales amount, the number of store related study was very rare in fact. Meanwhile, as long as this business is glowing a lot of brands are suffering from bad business performance or getting in ruins thus these problems result in foreign currency loss. The local marketers therefore, strongly expect to know the solution for this matter. Research design, data, and methodology - For the qualitative research, 10 experts who are operating foreign brands with an exclusive contract at a department store or at duty free shop now and who had at least over 10 years of related working experience were included. The factors for the exclusive importation contract with foreign brands were drawn up through the one-to-one in-depth interview method from September 3, 2017 to January 15, 2018. The expert group for the validity analysis includes 2 professors and 5 postgraduate students. Results - As a result of qualitative study on the factors for imported fashion brand's launching with the exclusive importation contract, it turned out that there were 5 factors - safety, profitability, reliability, speed and global retailing. Safety, profitability, and reliability have been mentioned in most related surveys but some details are added and speed and global retailing have been newly highlighted and many unknown legal issues that it was not easy to get form common academic research are included. Speed simply means quick lead time and global retailing means stores where located in other countries. Conclusions - The reason that qualitative research should be done before the quantitative research is due to the scant theoretical background for this matter. Because the market of an imported fashion brand is steadily increasing, determining the factors to make exclusive importation contract is very meaningful from the point of academic and business. After this study, many marketers may get basic conditions to apply for real business and I hope the following quantitative research will give more effective results. The next study also will have extended range concerning industry area, product and distribution channel.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4962-4969
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• 2013

The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate of optimized FS techniques for T2 weighted abdominal MRI compared of TSE-SPIR fat suppression and GE-PROSET fat suppression. All MR examinations were performed on a 1.5 T(Philips, Medical System, Achieva) scanner using 16 channel mult-coils. All images were performed in the axial plane using TSE-SPIR and GE-PROSET. The mean SNRs of the retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat for TSE-SPIR and GE-PROSET were 31.50, 4.15 and 32.39, 7.03. The mean CNRs of the bowel and retroperitoneal, mesenteric fat for TSE-SPIR and GE-PROSET were 52.69, 74.54 and 26.12, 68.78). The delineation of bowel wall margins with TSE-SPIR(2.4) and GE-PROSET(1.8) were significantly improved using TSE-SPIR. The delineation of pancreas wall with TSE-SPIR(1.90), GE-PROSET(2.80) were significantly improved using GE-PROSET. In conclusion, TSE-SPIR fat suppression was superior to GE-PROSET fat suppression in T2 WI FS abdominal MRI.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2020

This paper solves the problem in underdetermined convolutive mixture by improving the disadvantages of the multichannel nonnegative matrix factorization technique widely used in blind source separation. In conventional researches based on Spatial Covariance Matrix (SCM), each element composed of values such as power gain of single channel and correlation tends to degrade the quality of the separated sources due to high variance. In this paper, level and frequency normalization is performed to effectively cluster the estimated sources. Therefore, we propose a novel SCM and an effective distance function for cluster pairs. In this paper, the proposed SCM is used for the initialization of the spatial model and used for hierarchical agglomerative clustering in the bottom-up approach. The proposed algorithm was experimented using the 'Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign 2008 development dataset'. As a result, the improvement in most of the performance indicators was confirmed by utilizing the 'Blind Source Separation Eval toolbox', an objective source separation quality verification tool, and especially the performance superiority of the typical SDR of 1 dB to 3.5 dB was verified.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.31
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• pp.193-223
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• 2005

As the number of TV channels rapidly grows, the systematic marketing and PR communication of broadcasters are becoming more and more important. To overcome the challenges the sharply increased competition poses, TV stations ave to intensify their strategic marketing efforts. This paper analyses the editorial information aired about the broadcasters and their TV programming as part of the PR efforts made. This present research project is based on one week periods of analysis of TV programming produced and aired by German broadcasters. The program analysis of the five TV channels included in this study revealed a total of 406 cases in which editorial references were made. The result shows no systematic differences between the public and commercial Broadcasters. Channel-specific differences are, however, obvious. PR communication embedded in the regular programs is increasingly tied to media organization and frequently occurs in the reporting of journalistic content. The high number of promotions as part of informational, and even more so as part of magazine and news formats, must be viewed as problematic. Program related branding and the specific tools used to promote the programs provided further evidence regarding the importance of media economic factors. TV channels not only promote their own programs, but also those of affiliated stations, and the increasing influence of economic considerations will have long-range consequences on the variety and quality of the journalistic output. The study furthermore revealed that TV channels utilize program promotion at any time of the day.