• 공업화학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.304-309
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• 1999

한국산 벤토나이트에 0.2 M $AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ 수용액과 0.5 M NaOH 수용액을 혼합하여 제조한 수산화 알루미늄 올리고머를 층간 삽입시켜 다공성의 Al-pillared clay를 합성하여 특성 분석 및 열 안정성을 조사하였다. 합성한 aluminum-pillared clay는 수산화 알루미늄 올리고머의 OH/Al의 몰비가 0.25~2.25로 증가할수록 비표면적은 $104{\sim}228m^2/g$으로 증가하였고, 미세세공 면적과 미세세공 부피도 비표면적과 함께 증가하였다. 또한 BJH식으로 계산된 기공분포로부터 약 $40{\AA}$ 정도의 mesopore도 많이 생성되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이 결과는 수산화 알루미늄 올리고머가 층간 삽입되어 층간 공간을 확장하고 알루미늄 산화물이 층간에 지주가 되어 기공이 잘 발달하였기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 또한 OH/Al 몰비가 클수록 층간기둥이 잘 발달되어 기공이 더욱 증가되었음을 알 수 있었다. OH/Al의 비가 큰 수산화 알루미늄 올리고머 용액으로 제조된 Al-pillared clay는 층간 지주들이 많이 생성되므로서 층간 기둥 밀도를 증가시켜 열안정성을 향상시킨 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.726-734
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• 2023

Background: Skeletal muscles play a key role in physical activity and energy metabolism. The loss of skeletal muscle mass can cause problems related to metabolism and physical activity. Studies are being conducted to prevent such diseases by increasing the mass and regeneration capacity of muscles. Ginsenoside Rg5 has been reported to exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities. However, studies on the effects of Rg5 on muscle differentiation and growth are scarce. Methods: To investigate the effects of Rg5 on myogenesis, C2C12 myoblasts were induced to differentiate with Rg5, followed by immunoblotting, immunostaining, and qRT-PCR for myogenic markers and promyogenic signaling (p38MAPK). Immunoprecipitation confirmed that Rg5 increased the interaction between MyoD and E2A via p38MAPK. To investigate the effects of Rg5 on prevention of muscle mass loss, C2C12 myotubes were treated with dexamethasone to induce muscle atrophy. Immunoblotting, immunostaining, and qRT-PCR were performed for myogenic markers, Akt/mTOR signaling for protein synthesis, and atrophy-related genes (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1). Results: Rg5 promoted C2C12 myoblast differentiation through phosphorylation of p38MAPK and MyoD/E2A heterodimerization. Furthermore, Rg5 stimulated C2C12 myotube hypertrophy via phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR. Phosphorylation of Akt induces FoxO3a phosphorylation, which reduces the expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1. Conclusion: This study provides an understanding of how Rg5 promotes myogenesis and hypertrophy and prevents dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. The study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to show that Rg5 promotes muscle regeneration and to suggest that Rg5 can be used for therapeutic intervention of muscle weakness and atrophy, including cancer cachexia.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2016

2009년 7월 3일부터 7월 27일까지 러시아 조사선 R/V Lavrentyev를 이용하여 러시아 연안으로부터 4개의 Line(D, R, E, A)을 따라 표층 30 m 수심의 시료를 26개의 정점(울릉분지와 일본분지를 포함한 동해의 전 수역)에서 채수하여 영양염 및 엽록소-${\alpha}$의 농도를 분석하였다. 냉수역보다 난수역에서 1.4배 높은 질산염을 제외한 나머지 항목들은 모두 난수역보다 냉수역에서 높게 나타났다($NH_4$, $PO_4$ 각 1.8배, $Si(OH)_4$ 1.2배, 엽록소-${\alpha}$ 1.9배). 암모니아와 인산염, 엽록소-${\alpha}$의 수평분포는 매우 유사한 분포를 보이며, 한류와 저층수의 용승 영향권에 있는 러시아 근해에서 최대치를 보이고, 울릉분지에서 비교적 낮은 분포를 보인다. 반면, 질산염은 대마난류수의 직접적인 영향권에 있는 울릉분지에서 최대치를 보이며, 점차 북상할수록 감소한다. N/P 비는 한류수계보다 대마난류 중층수에서 가장 높은 값을 보이며, 대마난류수는 동해로 유입되는 질산염의 주요 공급원으로 작용하고 있다. 그러나 난수역에서 인산염의 평균 농도는 $0.2{\mu}M$ 이하로 식물플랑크톤 성장의 제한 요인으로 작용할 수 있는 반면, 냉수역에서의 높은 농도는 엽록소-${\alpha}$와 직접적인 상관성을 보이고 있다. 해양환경에 영향을 미치는 주요인을 분석하기 위한 주성분 분석결과 주성분 I은 수온에 의해 동해의 해양환경이 주로 영향을 받으며, 주성분 II는 영양염과 엽록소-${\alpha}$ 가 주요인으로 작용한다. 따라서 연구해역의 해양환경은 수온에 지배되며, 그에 따라 냉수역과 온수역으로 구분되는 특성을 보였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Korean alveolar sibilant sounds of children with cerebral palsy by acoustic analysis. Thirteen children with spastic cerebral palsy aging from 6 to 10 years old, were selected by an articulation test, and compared with a control group of thirty children. The meaningless monosyllable CV, disyllable VCV(/asa/) and frame sentence including target syllables CV were measured. C was from the /s, s'/, and V was from the set /a, i, u, ${\varepsilon}$, o, ɯ, ʌ/. Multi-Speech was used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the frication duration of lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly shorter than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The vowel duration in the following lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly longer than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The children with cerebral palsy showed frequency and intensity of friction intervals which were significantly lower than in the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. In the comparison of the lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant by the children with cerebral palsy group's phonation types, the frication duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, VCV and between the phonetic contexts. The glottalized-sibilant was longer than the lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. The subsequent vowel duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in VCV and between the phonetic contexts(p<.05). The vowel duration in the following glottalized-sibilant was longer than the vowel duration in the following lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. In the frequency there was a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, and in the intensity there was a significant difference between the phonation type in CV and VCV. The children with spastic cerebral palsy had difficulty in articulating the alveolar sibilant due to poor control ability in laryngeal, respiration and articulatory movements which require fine motor coordination. This study quantitatively analyzes the acoustic parameters of the alveolar sibilant in various phonetic contexts. Therefore, the results are expected to help provide fundamental data for an intervention of articulation treatment for children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.32.1-32.10
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• 2018

Background: Necdin (NDN), a member of the melanoma antigen family showing imprinted pattern of expression, has been implicated as causing Prader-Willi symptoms, and known to participate in cellular growth, cellular migration and differentiation. The region where NDN is located has been associated to QTLs affecting reproduction and early growth in cattle, but location and functional analysis of the molecular mechanisms have not been established. Methods: Here we report the sequence variation of the entire coding sequence from 72 samples of cattle, yak, buffalo, goat and sheep, and discuss its variation in Bovidae. Median-joining network analysis was used to analyze the variation found in the species. Synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates were determined for the analysis of all the polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analysis were carried out among the species of Bovidae to reconstruct their relationships. Results: From the phylogenetic analysis with the consensus sequences of the studied Bovidae species, we found that only 11 of the 26 nucleotide changes that differentiate them produced amino acid changes. All the SNPs found in the cattle breeds were novel and showed similar percentages of nucleotides with non-synonymous substitutions at the N-terminal, MHD and C-terminal (12.3, 12.8 and 12.5%, respectively), and were much higher than the percentage of synonymous substitutions (2.5, 2.6 and 4.9%, respectively). Three mutations in cattle and one in sheep, detected in heterozygous individuals were predicted to be deleterious. Additionally, the analysis of the biochemical characteristics in the most common form of the proteins in each species show very little difference in molecular weight, pI, net charge, instability index, aliphatic index and GRAVY (Table 4) in the Bovidae species, except for sheep, which had a higher molecular weight, instability index and GRAVY. Conclusions: There is sufficient variation in this gene within and among the studied species, and because NDN carry key functions in the organism, it can have effects in economically important traits in the production of these species. NDN sequence is phylogenetically informative in this group, thus we propose this gene as a phylogenetic marker to study the evolution and conservation in Bovidae.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 1990

내수면(內水面) 가두리 양식장(養殖場)의 그물에 매년(每年) 부착(附着), 성장(成長)하여 물의 소통(疏通)을 억제(抑制)시킬 뿐 만 아니라, 사육어(飼育魚)를 체포(逮捕)하거나 어망교체시(漁網交替時) 망(綱)에 부착(附着)한 이끼벌레와 접촉(接觸)되므로서 어류폐사상태(魚類斃死狀態), 각종 약제(藥劑)에 의한 구제실험(驅除實驗)을 실시하였다. 1) 옥정호 가두리 어망(漁綱)에 부착(附着)된 이끼벌레는 분류상(分類上) 태형동물문(Bryozoa), 암후강(Phylactolaemata)에 속하는 총담이끼벌레, Lophopodella carteri HYATT이다. 2) 군체(群體)의 크기는 $0.8{\sim}8.5{\times}0.6{\sim}5.0cm$이었다. 3) 수온(水溫) $25.7^{\circ}C$인 6월(月) 하순(下旬)에 부착(附着)하기 시작하여 수온(水溫) $22^{\circ}C$때인 10월(月)에 최대(最大)크기로 성장(成長)되고, 수온(水溫) $8.5^{\circ}C$ 12월(月) 중순(中旬)에 군체(群體)는 수축(收縮)되면서 부착물(附着物)에서 소실(消失)되어진다. 4) 표층(表層)에서 5m층(層)까지 부착(附着)되나, 2~3m층(層)에 주로 부착(附着)한다. 5) 수온(水溫) $25^{\circ}C$때 이끼벌레와 1분간(分間) 접촉(接觸)시킨 전장(全長) $4^{\circ}C$ 17cm의 이스라엘 잉어 30마리와 3~7cm 금붕어 30마리는 1시간(時間) 40분(分) 경과(經過) 후(後) 이스라엘잉어는 90%, 금붕어는 100% 폐사(斃死)되었으나, 메기는 전혀 폐사(斃死)하지 않았다. 6) 어류(魚類)에 피해(被害)를 주는 이끼벌레는 촉수주위(觸手周圍)에 있는 자포(刺胞)에 의한 것으로 추정(推定)되며, 이 자포독(刺胞毒)은 잉어, 금붕어에 맹독성(猛毒性)을 나타낸다. 7) Formalin 300ppm, 식염(食鹽) 5%, malachite green 5 ppm, $KMnO_4$ 200ppm, Kl 1000ppm, DDVP 10 ppm에 이끼벌레를 10분간(分間) 침적(沈積)시켰으나 전부 생존(生存)하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.201-213
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• 1998

탄산염형 지하수가 특징적으로 산출되고 있는 중원 및 문경 지역에서 유형별 자연수 (심부 지하수, 천부지하수, 지표수)를 채취하고 (기간: 1996-1997년) 수문지구화학 및 환경동위원소(황산염의 황, 물의 산소 및 수소, 삼중수소) 연구를 수행하였다. 연구지역에는 지구화학적으로 뚜렷g히 구분되는 두 유형의 자연수, 즉 탄산염형 및 알칼리형이 함께 산출된다. 탄산염형의 지하수는 수문화학적으로 $Ca(-Na)-HCO_{3}(-S0_{4})$ 유형의 특성을 보이지만, 알칼리형 지하수는 $Na-HCO_3$ 유형의 특성을 나타낸다. 탄산염형 지하수는 특징적으로 보다 낮은 pH와 높은 Eh 및 높은 용존이온 (특히, Ca, Na, Mg, $HCO_3$, $SO_4$) 함량을 갖는다. 두 유형의 지하수는 모두 방해석에 대하여 포화 또는 과포화 상태에 있다. 두 유형의 심부 지하수는 모두 핵실험 이전 (적어도 40년전)에 충진된 강우로부터 기원하여 오랜 수-암 반응에 의하여 진화하였다. 심부 지하수는 보다 젊은 시기에 충진된 물 (즉 천부 지하수 및 지표수)에 비하여 낮은 산소 및 수소 동위원소비를 갖는다. 그러나 지질 특성, 물의 화학성 및 환경동위원소 자료를 종합하여 보면, 두 유형의 심부 지하수는 각기 독특한 수문학적 및 수문지화학적 진화를 하였음을 알 수 있다. 탄산영형 지하수는 지역적으로 부화된 황화광물 (주로 황철석)의 용해에 의해 생성된 산성수의 혼합 결과로 형성되었는데, 황철석은 열수 광맥내 (중원 지역의 경우) 또는 무연탄종내 (문경 지역의 경우)에 존재하였다. 심부 순환하는 강우가 순환과정중 황철석을 만나지 않았다면 알칼리형 지하수 만이 생성되었을 것이다. 이와 같은 수문학적 및 수문지화학적 모델은 한반도에 부존하는 기타 탄산염형 지하수에도 성공적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2005

본 연구는 rotifer, B. rotundiformis를 대상으로 소화효소 실험을 하기 위해 이들이 가지고 있는 소화효소의 최고 활성 조건을 확인하기 위해 수행하였다. rotifer, B. rotundiformis의 $\alpha$-amylase, total alkaline Protease, trypsin 및 TG-lipase는 Tris-HCl buffer 보다 phosphate-NaOH buffer 안정적인 효소활성을 보였다. $\alpha$-amylase, trypsin 및 TG-lipase는 pH 8.0에서, total alkaline proteaset pH 7.0에서 높은 효소 활성을 나타내었다. $\alpha$-amylase 활성은 $40^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였으며, total alkaline pretense와 trypsin은 $55{\~}60^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 반면 TG-lipase 활성은 $25{\~}30^{\circ}C$의 낮은 온도에서 활성이 높았다. $\alpha$-amylase, total alkaline pretense, trypsin 및 TG-lipase의 활성의 적정 기질 농도는 $3.5\%$ starch, $\0.6%$ azo-casein, $87.5{\mu}M$ BApNA and 81.2 mM olive oil이었다. $\alpha$-amylase, total alkaline protease, trypsin 및 TG-lipase의 활성의 적정 반응시간은 40, 60, 30 and 25 min으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과에서 얻어진 자료는 rotifer, B. rotundiformis의 소화효소 연구를 위한 기초 자료로 이용될 것이다.

• 복식
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2007

Dan(緞) is satin damask. It was a newly popularized fabrics in the Joseon Period and is one of main traditional fabrics at present. The purpose of this study is to suggest a theoretical basis to name Dan(緞) remains properly by comparing and analyzing the name, pattern, usage, feature, length and width, value of Dan(緞) recorded on documents made at the end of the Joseon Period. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The kinds of Dan(緞) recorded on documents made at the end of the Joseon Period are various. Among fabrics named Dan(緞), were not only silk fabrics but also cotton fabrics, woolen fabrics, mixture fabrics with silk and cotton, and mixture fabrics with cotton and wool. 2. Some newly revealed patterns in the case of Dan(緞) are as follows. The shape of Byeolmun(別紋) is assumed to have originated from that of character symbolizing the Royal Family and developed into a variety of circular ones of dragon, phoenix, flower, or character. O-ho-ro-mun(五葫蘆紋) was five-gourd-shaped patterns that form a circle, turning their narrow mouth to the center, and vines between each two gourds. 3. When considering the usages of Dan(緞), Dan(緞) was used for various detailed usages according to their kinds. But it was't mostly used for underwear. 4. Features have been examined are Godan(庫緞), Mobondan(模本緞), Handan(漢緞), Daedan(大緞), Yangdan(洋緞), Waedan(倭緞), and Geumdan(錦緞). 5. The length and the width of 1 Pil(疋) silk fabrics are various. It is normal for the width being different, but for 1 Pil(疋)'s length being different is very unusual. The width of Dan (緞) was about 47-76.20cm, it was wider than Ju(紬), Cho, Gyeon(絹), Sa(紗), Ra(羅) and Reung(綾). 6. As for the value of each fabric per $10,000cm^2$, Dan(緞) was the most valuable silks at that time. Among them the most valuable Dan(緞) was Udan(羽緞).

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권3호통권130호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative activities of Rosa davurica Pall for the purpose of development of novel antioxidant from natural products. Antioxidant activities of four different parts of Rosa davurica Pall such as fruit, leaf, stem and root were examined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The methanol extract from the root of Rosa davurica Pall showed the highest antioxidative activity among 16 samples tested. And, we also tested radical scavenging effects of 5 different extract compartments(Hexane, $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, BuOH and $H_2O$ fraction). EtOAc and BuOH fractions from the root of Rosa davurica Pall exhibited antioxidative activities higher to those of natural, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ or synthetic antioxidants, BHT. The antioxidative substance of EtOAc fraction from the root of Rosa davurica Pall was successively purified with silica gel adsorption column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The purified active substance was isolated as crystal and identified as (+)-catechin by $^{l}H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$. This compound exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity with the $IC_50$ value of $1.7\;{\mu}g/ml$. In the analysis of catechin content, the leaf extracts contained the highest catechin, and fruit extracts contained the lowest catechin. Considering antioxidative activity on DPPH assay, the extracts of Rosa davurica Pall showed a possibility to be used as a new material for natural antioxidant and functional food.