• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

유리기판에 n형 Bi-Te 열전박막과 p형 Sb-Te 열전박막을 진공증착하여 in-plane 열전센서를 형성한 후, 열전센서의 감지특성을 분석하였다. 열전센서를 구성하는데 사용한 n형 Bi-Te 증착박막은 -165 ${\mu}V$/K의 Seebeck 계수와 $80{\times}10^{-4}W/K^2-m$의 출력인자를 나타내었으며, p형 Sb-Te 증착박막은 142 ${\mu}V$/K의 Seebeck 계수와 $51.7{\times}10^{-4}W/K^2-m$의 출력인자를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 n형 Bi-Te 및 p형 Sb-Te 박막 15쌍으로 구성된 열전센서는 2.8 mV/K의 감지도를 나타내었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.689-695
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• 1998

Carbobenzoxy-alanyl-thiaarginine benzyl ester and carbobenzoxy-alanyl-thialysine benzyl ester were synthesized in solution. Kinetic studies were carried out using three different analytical methods, semi-classical method, progress curve analysis and competitive spectrophotometry. In competitive spectrophotometry, carbobenzoxy-valyl-glycyl-arginyl-p-nitroaniline was used as a detector. Kinetic constants such as $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ measured by competitive spectrophotometry are almost the same as those values measured by semi-classical method. Colorimetric Ellman's assays showed the thio-peptido mimetics to be a suitable substrates for trypsin. Kinetic studies with trypsin gave $K_m$ of 2.33 mM and $k_{cat}$ of $1.50{\times}10^5\;min^{-1}$ for carboxy-alanyl-thiaarginine benzyl ester and $K_m$ of $3.41{\times}10^{-3}\; Mm\; and\; k_{cat}\; of\; 520{\times}102\; min^{-1}$ for carbobenzoxy-alanyl-thialysine benzyl ester, respectively. Kinetic constants $(K_m=2.04{\times}10^{-2}\; mM, K_{cat}=4.42{\times}10^3 \;min^{-1})$ for natural substrate, carbobenzoxy-alanyl-lysine benzyl ester, were also evaluated by competitive spectrophotometry in order to compare the mode of binding on trypsin.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.288-292
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• 2001

The kinetic mechanism of Hafnia alvei aspartase in the amination direction has been determined in the absence of metal. The initial velocity pattern obtained by varying the concentration of fumarate at several fixed concentrations of NH4+ , shows an intersection on the left of the ordinate at pH 7.0, indicating that the kinetic mechanism is a sequential mechanism in which substrate inhibition by fumarate is observed. The dead-end inhibition pattern by varying the concentration of NH4+ at several fixed concentration of succinate shows an intersection on the left of the ordinate. These data are consistent with random addition of NH4+, or fumarate. The Haldane relationship gives a Keq of 1.18 ${\times}$10-3 M at pH 7.0, which is in agreement with the values obtained from the direct determination of reaction concentrations at equilibrium (6.0 $\pm0.2$ ${\times}$10-3 M).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2007

In vitro rumen incubation studies were conducted to determine effects of initial pH on bacterial attachment and fiber digestion. Ruminal fluid pH was adjusted to 5.7, 6.2 and 6.7, and three major fibrolytic bacteria attached to rice straw in the mixed culture were quantified with real-time PCR. The numbers of attached and unattached Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Ruminocococcus albus were lower (p<0.05) at initial pH of 5.7 without significant difference between those at higher initial pH. Lowering incubation media pH to 5.7 also increased bacterial numbers detached from substrate regardless of bacterial species. Dry matter digestibility, gas accumulation and total VFA production were pH-dependent. Unlike bacterial attachment, maintaining an initial pH of 6.7 increased digestion over initial pH of 6.2. After 48 h in vitro rumen fermentation, average increases in DM digestion, gas accumulation, and total VFA production at initial pH of 6.2 and 6.7 were 2.8 and 4.4, 2.0 and 3.0, and 1.2 and 1.6 times those at initial pH of 5.7, respectively. The lag time to reach above 2% DM digestibility at low initial pH was taken more times (8 h) than at high and middle initial pH (4 h). Current data clearly indicate that ruminal pH is one of the important determinants of fiber digestion, which is modulated via the effect on bacterial attachment to fiber substrates.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fabrication of $\beta$-PVDF($\beta$-Polyvinylidene fluoride, ${\beta}-PVF_2$) organic thin films using the vapor deposition method. Vapor deposition was performed under the following conditions: the temperature of evaporator, the applied electric field, and the pressure of reaction chamber were $270^{\circ}C$, 142.4 kV/cm, and $2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;Torr$, respectively. The molecular structure of the evaporated organic thin films were evaluated by a FT-IR. The results showed that the characteristic absorption peaks of $\beta$-form crystal increase from 72% to 95.5% with an increase in the substrate temperature. In the analysis of the electric characteristics, the abnormal increases in the relative dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor in the regions of low frequency and high temperature are known to be caused by inclusion of impurity carriers in the PVDF organic thin films. In order to analyze quantitatively the abnormalities in the conductivity mechanism caused by ionic impurities, the product of the ion density and the mobility that affect the electrical property in polymeric insulators is analyzed. In the case of a specimen produced by varying the substrate temperature from $30^{\circ}C$ to $105^{\circ}C$, the product of mobility and the ion density decreased from $4.626{\times}10^8$ to $8.47{\times}10^7/V{\cdot}cm{\cdot}s$. This result suggests that the higher the substrate temperature is maintained, the better excluded the impurities are, and the more electrically stable material can be obtained.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.507-513
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• 2017

Bacillus subtilis spores can be used for protein display to engineer protein properties. This method overcomes viability and protein-folding concerns associated with traditional protein display methods. Spores remain viable under extreme conditions and the genotype/phenotype connection remains intact. In addition, the natural sporulation process eliminates protein-folding concerns that are coupled to the target protein traveling through cell membranes. Furthermore, ATP-dependent chaperones are present to assist in protein folding. CotA was optimized as a whole-cell biocatalyst immobilized in an inert matrix of the spore. In general, proteins that are immobilized have advantages in biocatalysis. For example, the protein can be easily removed from the reaction and it is more stable. The aim is to improve the pH stability using spore display. The maximum activity of CotA is between pH 4 and 5 for the substrate ABTS (ABTS = diammonium 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate). However, the activity dramatically decreases at pH 4. The activity is not significantly altered at pH 5. A library of approximately 3,000 clones was screened. A E498G variant was identified to have a half-life of inactivation ($t_{1/2}$) at pH 4 that was 24.8 times greater compared with wt-CotA. In a previous investigation, a CotA library was screened for organic solvent resistance and a T480A mutant was found. Consequently, T480A/E498G-CotA was constructed and the $t_{1/2}$ was 62.1 times greater than wt-CotA. Finally, E498G-CotA and T480A/E498G-CotA yielded 3.7- and 5.3-fold more product than did wt-CotA after recycling the biocatalyst seven times over 42 h.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 1981

Trichoderma sp. KI 7-2와 내열성 효모를 이용하여 볏짚에서 ethanol을 생산하기 위한 동시당화-발효의 최적조건을 검토하였다. 발효생산시 고체배양에서의 배지는 밀기울과 볏짚을 3 : 2 로 혼합하고 pH를 4.5로 조절한 수분함량 50%의 고체배지에서 7일간 배양한 koji를 사용했을 때 가장 높은 ethanol이 생산되었다. 기질의 전처리는 ethanol 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 볏짚의 동시당화-발효를 위해서는 효소량은 볏짚 1g당 2.47units가 요구되며, 발효액중 초기 효모 농도가 2.5$\times$$10^{7}$ cell/$m\ell$이면 충분하였다. 동시당화-발효 과정을 위한 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 4.5와 4$0^{\circ}C$였다. 또한 동시당화-발효액에 다시 기질 또는 효소와 기질을 첨가하여 최종 ethanol 농도를 높일 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.971-976
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• 1999

WAIP에 존재하는 총 galacturonic acid의 함량은 34.6%로 측정되었으며, 산처리를 통한 펙틴 추출수율은 약6.2%로 나타났다. EPG는 불용성의 프로토펙틴을 수용화시켜 펙틴을 생산하는 효소로 최적조건시 높은 수율을 나타낼 수 있기 때문에 EPG를 이용하여 펙틴추출 조건을 온도, 시간, pH, 효소 첨가량 등을 조사하였다. 먼저 최적조건을 조사한 결과 $60^{\circ}C$, 36시간, pH 7.8로 그 추출률은 23.2%로 측정되었다. 기질과 효소 반응 최적비를 측정한 결과 10:1(w/w)에서 23.4%로 가장 높은 추출 수율을 나타내었다. 펙틴의 순도를 측정한 결과 산 추출 펙틴은 71.7%이었고, 효소를 이용하여 추출한 펙틴은 34.7%로 나타났다. 또한 methoxyl 함량을 측정한 결과 산 추출 펙틴은 5.0%, 효소 추출 펙틴은 0.7%로 저 methoxyl 펙틴으로 나타났다. 한편, 추출된 펙틴의 평균 분자량은 효소 추출 펙틴의 경우 $2.5{\times}10^{3}$이었으며, 산 추출 펙틴의 경우 $8.4{\times}10^{3}$으로 나타나 분자량이 적은 펙틴이 추출되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.82-85
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• 1992

In this study, charge pumping method was used to investigate the Si-SiO$_2$interface characteristics of the nonvolatile SNOSFET memory devices, fabricated using the CMOS 1 Mbit processes (1.2$\mu\textrm{m}$ design rule), with thin oxide layer of 30${\AA}$ thick and nitride layer of 525${\AA}$ thick on the n-type silicon substrate (p-channel). Charge pumping current characteristics with the pulse base level were measured for various frequencies, falling times and rising times. By means of the charge dynamics in a non-steady state, the average Si-SiO$_2$interface state density and capture cross section were determined to be 3.565${\times}$10$\^$11/cm$\^$-2/eV$\^$-1/ and 4.834${\times}$10$\^$-16/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. However Si-SiO$_2$ interface state densities were disributed 2.8${\times}$10$\^$-11/～5.6${\times}$10$\^$11/cm$\^$-2/～6${\times}$10$\^$11/cm$\^$-2/eV$\^$-1/ in the lover half of energy gap.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1988

Two new nitro analogs of tranylcypromine, (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-p-NTCP) and (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-m-NTCP) were synthesized in order to examine the effect of aromatic nitro substitution on the MAO-inhibitory activity of 2-phenylcyclopropylamines. The compounds were obtained by treating t-butyl (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl) cyclopropanecarbamate and t-butyl (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanecarbamate with p-toluenesulfonic acid in $CH_3$CN. Inhibitions of rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A and B by the compounds were examined using serotonin and benzylamine as the substrate at both in vitro and ex vivo levels. It was found from in vitro measurements that (E)-p-NTCP at $6.0{\times}10^{-5}M$ elicited merely 22.5% inhibition against MAO-B without any effect on MAO-A. In contrast, (E)-m-NTCP showed fair degrees of inhibitions of MAO-A and B with $IC_{50}$ values, $2.5{\times}10^{-7}M\;and\;1.4{\times}10^{-6}M$, respectively. It was also noted from (E)-m-NTCP that m-nitro substitution caused a shift of selectivity of the inhibition toward MAO-A. According to ex vivo measurements at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 hr following the administration of a dose of 0.015 mmol/kg, i.p. to the rats, the inhibition percents of MAO-A by (E)-m-NTCP were 58.6, 63.7 63.6, and 46.6%, slightly lower than those observed by tranylcypromine. Whereas, (E)-m-NTCP at the same dose level did not show significant inhibitions against both MAO-A and MAO-B. Possible reasons for the difference in potencies between (E)-m-NTCP and (E)-p-NTCP were sought in relation to differing electron withdrawing effects of m- and p-substituents which will influence electron density of the side chain amino functions and the partitions.