• 청정기술
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.130-139
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 배가스 내 존재하는 비교적 처리가 어려운 오염물질인 NO 기체에 대하여 처리효율을 증대시키기 위하여 NO 산화공정이 필요하며, 이에 필요한 건식산화제를 제조하는 방법으로 H₂O₂ 촉매분해가 도입되었다. H₂O₂ 분해공정 상에서 적용 가능한 촉매로서 다양한 Mn 기반의 불균일계 고체 산 촉매들이 제조되었으며, 이들이 지니는 물리화학적 특성이 주로 H₂O₂ 분해반응에 미치는 영향이 조사되었다. 그 결과, Mn 기반의 고체산 촉매들이 지니는 산점 특성이 H₂O₂ 촉매분해에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었으며, 산점이 낮은 온도영역에서 많은 양의 산점의 특성을 지니는 촉매가 H₂O₂ 분해반응에서 가장 높은 성능을 나타냄과 동시에 제조된 건식산화제로 인해 높은 NO 산화율을 나타내었다. 대표적인 결과로서 K 성분이 첨가된 Mn 기반의 Fe₂O₃ 지지체 촉매가 적용될 경우, 가장 높은 H₂O₂ 분해효율과 더불어 가장 높은 NO 전환율을 나타내었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2000

The ferrites, CuFe2O4 and SrFe12O129, were applied to decompose H2O for H2 generation. The ferrites prepared by the coprecipitation were reduced by CH4 gas to make the oxygen deficient ferrite. H2O was decomposed to form H2 by the oxygen deficient iron oxide, and the decomposition reactions were accelerated by the addition of divalent metals such as Cu and Sr in the ferrites. The spinel type CuFe2O4 containing a relatively large amount of divalent metals was more effective to H2 generation than magnetoplumbite type SrFe12O19 in H2O decomposition.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.3-13
• /
• 2002

본 연구에서는 시안 성분을 제거함에 있어 처리수의 재활용이 가능한 과산화수소에 의한 시안분해 특성을 규명하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 수용액중의 과산화수소의 자가분해반응은 pH와 금속촉매(Cu) 유무에 크게 좌우된다. pH 10 이하에서는 자가분해반응은 미미하여 90%이상의 과산화수소가 잔류하지만 pH 12에서는 90경과시 잔류 과산화수소가 9%이하로 낮아졌다. 금속촉매 첨가(5 g Cu/L)한 경우 pH 12에서도 40분 경과후 대부분의 과산화수소가 분해되었다. 유리시안의 휘발성은 용액의 pH에 크게 좌우된다. 동일한 240분 경과시 pH 8이하에서 대부분의 시안이 휘발하는데 반하여 pH 10이상에서는 10%미만이 휘발하였다. 비촉매반응에 의한 과산화수소의 시안분해실험에서는 $H_2$$O_2$/CN 몰비 4까지 과다하게 증가하여도 8%가량의 시안이 잔류하였다. 그러나 구리촉매반응에 의한 과산화수소의 시안분해 실험에서는 과산화수소 및 구리 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 분해속도가 증가하였다. 그러나 일정량 이상 첨가시 과산화수소의 자체분해 반응에 의해 $H_2$$O_2$의 시안분해 효율이 감소하며 과산화수소와 구리의 적정투입량은$ H_2$$O_2$/CN 몰비 2, Cu 몰비 0.05로서 이때의 분해속도는 22 mM/min, $H_2O$$_2$효율은 57%이었다. 또한 이러한 적정조건에서 70분 반응시 완전제거가 가능하였다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 1972

Ammonium metavanadate의 熱分解過程을 spring balance와 示差熱分析에 의하여 調査하였다. 分解는 $180^{\circ}C{\sim}220^{\circ}C$와 $310^{\circ}C{\sim}330^{\circ}C$이 두 溫度範圍에서 일어나며 最終生成物은 $V_2O_5(orange yellow)$임을 알았다. 第一段階分解는 $NH_3$와 $H_2O$가 2:1의 比로 放出되는 過程임을 $NH_3$의 定量, omegatron mass spectrometer에 의하여 알았으며, 第二段階의 分解는 $NH_3,\;H_2$)外에 N2도 放出된다는 것을 gas chromatography, omegatron mass spectrometer에 의하여 認知하였다. 分解生成物을 X-ray 回折에 의하여 分析한 結果는 空氣中에서의 分解生成物은 $V_2O_5$의 組成을 가진 것이 生成되었음을 確認하였다. 또한 $NH_4VO_3$ 熱分解에 있어서의 活性化에너지는 各各 41.4 kcal/mole 64.4 kcal/mole의 값을 갖었음을 알았다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.1785-1790
• /
• 2006

A novel kinetic method for determination of $HO_2{^{\cdot}}/O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ in ozone decomposition in water is described. In this study, potential interferences of $O_3$ and the hydroxyl radicals, $^{\cdot}OH_{(O3)}$, are suppressed by $HSO_3{^-}/SO_3{^{2-}}$. $HO_2{^{\cdot}}/O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ formed in ozone decomposition reduces $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA into $Fe^{2+}$-EDTA and subsequently the well-known Fenton-like (FL) reaction of $H_2O_2$ and $Fe^{2+}$-EDTA produces the hydroxyl radicals, $^{\cdot}OH_{(FL)}$. Benzoic acid (BA) scavenges $^{\cdot}OH_{(FL)}$ to produce OHBA, which are analyzed by fluorescence detection (${\lambda}_{ex}=320nm$ and ${\lambda}_{ex}=400nm$). The concentration of $HO_2{^{\cdot}}/O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ in ozone decomposition has been determined by the novel kinetic method using the experimentally determined half-life ($t_{1/2}$). The steady-state concentration of $HO_2{^{\cdot}}/O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ is proportional to the $O_3$ concentration at a given pH. However, the steady-state concentration of $HO_2{^{\cdot}}/O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ in ozone decomposition is inversely proportional to pH values. This pH dependence is due to significant loss of $O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ by $O_3$ at higher pH conditions. The steady-state concentrations of $HO_2{^{\cdot}}/O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ are in the range of $2.49({\pm}0.10){\times}10^{-9}M(pH=4.17){\sim}3.01({\pm}0.07){\times}10^{-10}M(pH=7.59)$ at $[O_3]_o=60{\mu}M$.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권7호
• /
• pp.749-755
• /
• 2002

The effects of noble gas (such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) on the sonolytic decomposition of water and 2-methyl-2-propanol(t-butanol) with 200 KHz high power ultrasound were investigated. The physical properties of the noble gas have an effect on the formation rate of products $(H_2O_2,\;H_2,\;O_2)$ and the decomposition rate on the sonolytic decomposition of water. The pyrolysis products, such as methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene are formed during the sonolytic decomposition of t-butanol. From the estimation of the ratio $[C_2H_4+C_2H_2] / [C_2H_6]$, the cavitation temperature would be varied by the used noble gas. In all cases for the sonolytic decomposition of water, t-butanol, and diethyl phthalate, the decomposition rates were xenon > krypton > argon > neon > helium with a significant difference and were closely correlated with the formation rate of OH radical and high temperature inside the cavitation bubble under each noble gas.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.1029-1033
• /
• 1997

본 연구에서는 $Na_2B_4O_7{\cdot}10H_2O$의 열분해 반응계를 이용하여 축열식 열교환기에 적용하기 위한 반응속도의 비등온 해석에 대한 기초연구를 수행하였다. $Na_2B_4O_7{\cdot}10H_2O/Na_2B_4O_7{\cdot}5H_2O$ 계에서 반응의 평형온도가 373K 이하의 저온 온도범위에서 화학축열재로 적합하였으며, 열효율이 일정하여 장시간 사용할 수 있었다. 계 내의 반응 개시온도는 가열속도 증가에 따라 저온 영역에서 고온영역으로 이동하였으며, 수증기 분압의 변화가 있어도 저하되지 않았다. 열분해 탈수반응에 의한 반응속도식의 차수는 0.67차로서 반응의 비등온 해석에 의하여 화학축열재로 사용할 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.392-400
• /
• 2004

This research uses the $TiO_2$/UV process to verify the most suitable condition and possibility to dispose dyeing wastewater that contains pigment and a large amount of pollutants. For this, this research has enforced experiments that compare photo adsorption, photolysis, and photo catalyst oxidation reaction, and also evaluated and analyzed the change of pH and $TiO_2$ dosage, irradiation rates of ultraviolet rays and the dosage change and injection method of $H_2O_2$. According to the results of the dyeing wastewater experiment of storehouse catalyst that uses the new form of $TiO_2$, the photo catalyst oxidation reaction proved to be more effective than photo adsorption and photolysis; 35%, 21% in the case of $TCOD_{cr}$ and 39%, 28% in the case of chromaticity. Taking into consideration the reaction time, amount of photo catalyst reaction and irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays, the decomposition efficiency of pH change proved to be most effective at pH 4. On the whole, the acidity area proved to be effective in dyeing water exclusion than neutral and alkalinity areas. Having evaluated the influence of $TiO_2$ dosage, not only does the decomposition efficiency continuously improve as the $TiO_2$ dosage increases but the shielding effect does not occur also when the $TiO_2$ is at a fixed state. The influence of ultraviolet irradiation amount concluded in the result that as the ultraviolet irradiation amount increases the decomposition efficiency continually increased, but in the case of chromaticity when the irradiation amount was higher than 37.8mW/cm2 the removal efficiency is slowed remarkably. The influence of $H_2O_2$ dosage evaluation reached the results that although the decomposition efficiency increases with the increase of $H_2O_2$ dosage, when above 150mg (total dosage: 1200mg) $H_2O_2$ consumes OH radical itself and reduces the decomposition efficiency. Also in the case of the $H_2O_2$ injection method rather than injecting in the whole amount of $H_2O_2$ (1200mg) needed at the beginning all at once, injecting divided quantities of $H_2O_2$ whenever the electric current density falls below 10mgfl reduces the wases of OH radical due to an excess of $H_2O_2$ and in tum heightens the decomposition efficiency.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2011

Sulfur-Iodine (SI) cycle, which thermochemically splits water to hydrogen and oxygen through three stages of Bunsen reaction, HI decomposition, and $H_2SO_4$ decomposition, seems a promising process to produce hydrogen massively. Among them, the decomposition of $H_2SO_4$ ($H_2SO_4=H_2O+SO_2+1/2O_2$) requires high temperature heat over $800^{\circ}C$ such as the heat from concentrated solar energy or a very high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor. Because of harsh reaction conditions of high temperature and pressure with extremely corrosive reactants and products, there have been scarce and limited number of data reported on the pressurized $H_2SO_4$ decomposition. This work focuses whether the $H_2SO_4$ decomposition can occur at high pressure in a noble-metal reactor, which possibly resists corrosive acidic chemicals and possesses catalytic activity for the reaction. Decomposition reactions were conducted in a Pt-lined tubular reactor without any other catalytic species at conditions of $800^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$ and 0 bar (ambient pressure) to 10 bar with 95 wt% $H_2SO_4$. The Pt-lined reactor was found to endure the corrosive pressurized condition, and its inner surface successfully carried out a catalytic role in decomposing $H_2SO_4$ to $SO_2$ and $O_2$. This preliminary result has proposed the availability of noble metal-lined reactors for the high temperature, high pressure sulfuric acid decomposition.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2001

The spinel $LiMn_{2}O_{4}$ powders were synthesized at $480^{\circ}C$ for 12 h in air by a sol-gel method using manganese acetate and lithium hydroxide as starting material and the $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ powders were synthesized by the precipitation method using $0.2M-FeSO_{4}{\cdot}H_{2}O$ and 0.5M-NaOH. The synthesized $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ powders were mixed at portion of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% about $LiMn_{2}O_{4}$ powders through ball-milling followed by drying at room temperature for 48 h in air. The mixed catalysts were reduced at $350^{\circ}C$ for 3 h by hydrogen and the decomposition rate of carbon dioxide was measured at $350^{\circ}C$ using the reduced catalysts. As the results of $CO_{2}$ decomposition experiments, the decomposition rates of carbon dioxide were 85% in all catalysts but the initial decomposition rates of $CO_{2}$ were slightly high in the case of the $5%-Fe_{3}O_{4}$ added catalyst.