• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 1999

In order to study the properties of cochineal colors, uv-visible spectra of cochineal colors solution, dyeing properties on the wool in several dyeing conditions and thermodynamic parameters were investigated. UV-visible spectra of cochineal colors solution showed hypochromic effect with the lapse of irradiation time but bathochromic shift with decreasing acidity of solution and addition of metallic ions. The concentration of cochineal colors in wool fiber increased with the increase of dyeing temperature, time, and acidity of initial dyebath. The value of apparent diffusion coefficients and standard affinities of dyeing decreased with the increase of dyeing temperature. The standard heats of dyeing$(\Delta{H}^\circ)$ and variation of entropy$(\Delta{S}^\circ)$ increased with the increase of concentration of initial dyebath. The activation energy$(E_a)$ were calculated to be 1.399~2.595kcal/mol in condition of 6~1%(o.w.f) dyebath. Wool fabrics were dyed reddish blue by iron sulfate, copper sulfate, aluminum acetate and tannic acid, and red by tin chloride, respectively. Lightfastness of wool fabrics dyed by cochineal colors were increased by mordant treatment, especially copper sulfate and iron sulfate treatment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to characterize the vertical transport trend of dissolved elements through throughfall, stemflow, effluent from Ao layer, and leachate out of soil profile on Pinus koraiensis stand in Experimental Forest of Kyunghee University, located in Kwangju, Kyunggi province for 12 months from July, 1998 to Jun, 1999. In addition, we investigated the content of dissolved elements and the factors influencing the water chemistry concentrations separately collected from the field. Water movement in the process of throughfall and stemflow from precipitation, and rainfall leached from Ao layer into soil water was governed by concentration of through fall, precipitation, rainfall intensity, seasonal variation, and other factors. Also, smaller changes of pH in soil water than that of dissolved elements in soil water could contribute buffer capacity, as well as balancing the concentration between cations and anions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1245-1250
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• 2003

Pseudo-first-order rate constants ($k_{obs}$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reactions of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate with a series of pyridines in $H_2O$ containing 20 mol % DMSO. The plots of kobs vs pyridine concentration are linear up to ca. 0.1 M pyridines, indicating that the effect of self-association of pyridines with their conjugate acids are insignificant in this concentration range. The Bronsted-type plot has been obtained to be linear with a ${\beta}_{nuc}$ value 1.11, suggesting that the pyridinolyses proceed through a rate-determining breakdown of the zwiterionic addition intermediate. The pyridines studied have shown higher reactivity than isobasic primary and secondary amines toward the substrate. 1-Benzoyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium ion, a possible intermediate, has not been detected since the rate of its hydrolysis in the reaction condition is comparable with or even faster than its formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.289-292
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• 1998

The methastable state diamond films have been deposited on Si substrates using MWPCVD. Effects of each experimental parameters of MWPCVD including CH$_4$ concentrations, Oxygen additions, Operating pressure, deposition time, etc. on the growth rate and crystallinity were investigated. The best crystallinity of the finn at 3% methane concentration addition of oxygen to the CH$_4$-$H_2O$ mixture gave an improved film crystallinity at 50% oxygen concentration. Upon increasing the operating pressure and time, the growth rate and crystallinity were increased simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.56-60
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• 1998

The bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, one of ash trees grown in domestic, was collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$(7:3, v/v) and freeze dried to give 50g of ethylacetate soluble powder. A portion of the freeze dried powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 and a TSK 40F column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents. The extractives contained a large amount of coumarin derivatives in addition to a small amount of ester compounds such as ligstroside and oleuropein which have not been isolated from this tree species yet. Some spectrometric analyses such as NMR and FAB-MS including TLC were performed to identify the structures of the isolated ester compounds.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.71-78
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• 2019

This paper describes a design for a RF receiver to receive satellite digital audio service. The RF receiver designed in this study is a planar structure that is easy to install on the rooftop of a car and is compact in size. In addition, it can be applied to certain commercial models because it has low noise and high gain characteristics. The impedance bandwidth of antenna is 17.8%(415MHz), and the axial ratio is below 3dB as good properties for the bandwidth of 40MHz which is a satellite digital audio service band. Also, it had a broad radiation beamwidth of $95.41^{\circ}$ in H-plane and $117.45^{\circ}$ in E-plane. From the results of the field test of satellite digital audio service reception for the RF receiver, it demonstrated good C/N rate(10.2dB).

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2012

Problems due to the taste and odor in drinking water are common in treatment facilities around the world. Taste and odor are perceived by the public as the primary indicators of the safely and acceptability of drinking water, and are mainly caused by the presence of two semi-volatile compounds-2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB) and geosmin. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment plants, such as coagulation, sedimentation and chlorination have been found to be ineffective for the removal of 2-MIB and geosmin. Pulse UV system is a new UV irradiation system that is a non-mercury lamp-based alternative to currently used continuous wave systems for water disinfection. This study shows pulse UV system to be effective in treatment of these two compounds. Geosmin removal efficiency of UV process alone achieved approximately 70% at 10sec contact time. 2-MIB removal efficiency of UV only process achieved approximately 60% at 10sec contact time. The addition of $H_{2}O_{2}$ 7mg/L increased geosmin and 2-MIB removal efficiency upto approximately 94% and 91%, respectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.4
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• pp.256-264
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• 2010

Background: According to the notion of the immunoregulatory functions of moxifloxacin (MFX), the effect of MFX on the neutrophilic respiratory burst in conjunction with the expression of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) was investigated. Methods: The effects and possible mechanisms of MFX on neutrophilic respiratory burst in oleic acid (OA)-induced acutely injured rats lung and OA-stimulated, isolated murine neutrophils were probed, associated with the expression of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ in vivo and in vitro. Results: In the OA-induced acutely-injured lungs, neutrophils were accumulated, which was attenuated by MFX. The parameters denoting a neutrophilic respiratory burst, such as nitro blue tetrazolium reaction, cytochrome-c reduction, neutrophil aggregation, $H_2O_2$ production in neutrophils revealed increased neutrophilic respiratory burst by OA, and MFX decreased all of these parameters. In addition, the enhanced expression of $cPLA_2$ in the lung and isolated murine neutrophils by OA were decreased by MFX. Conclusion: MFX suppresses the OA-induced neutrophilic respiratory burst by the suppression of $cPLA_2$ in neutrophils.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.394-403
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• 2016

$H_2$ production by chemical looping is an efficient method to convert hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen with the simultaneous capture of concentrated $CO_2$. This process involves the use of an iron based oxygen carrier that transfers pure oxygen from oxidizing gases to fuels by alternating reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions. The enhanced reactivities of copper oxide doped iron-based oxygen carrier were reported, however, the fundamental understandings on the interaction between $Fe_2O_3$ and CuO are still lacking. In this study, we studied the effect of dopant of CuO to $Fe_2O_3/ZrO_2$ particle on the morphological changes and the associated reactivity using various methods such as SEM/EDX, XRD, BET, TPR, XPS, and TGA. It was found that copper oxide acted as a chemical promoter that change chemical environment in the iron based oxygen carrier as well as a structural promoter which inhibit the agglomeration. The enhanced reduction reactivity was mainly ascribed to the increase in concentration of $Fe^{2+}$ on the surface, resulting in formation of charge imbalance and oxygen vacancies. The CuO doped $Fe_2O_3/ZrO_2$ particle also showed the improved reactivity in the steam oxidation compared to $Fe_2O_3/ZrO_2$ particle probably due to acting as a structural promoter inhibiting the agglomeration of iron species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2002

We examined the role of SR 144528 (N-[-(1S-endo-1,3,,3-trimethyl-bicycle[2, 2, 1 ] heptan-2-y1]-5-(-4-chloro-3-mothyl-phenyl)-(4-methylbenzyl)-pyrazole-3- carboxamide) in the modulation of certain AC isoforms in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. We found that CB2 in COS cells has a constitutive activity, and thus leading to inhibition of AC-V activity even in the absence of agonist. In addition, this constitutive modulation of AC is reversed by SR144528. It is now well established that several G protein-coupled receptors can signal without agonist stimulation(constitutive receptors). Inverse agonists have been shown to inhibit the activity of such constitutive G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Agonist activation of the G$\_$i/o/-coupled peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2 normally inhibits adenylyl cyclase type V and stimulates adenylyl cyclase type II. Using transfected COS cells, we show here that application of SR144528, an inverse agonist of CB2, leads to a reverse action (stimulation of adenylyl cyclase V and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase II). This inverse agonism of SR144528 is dependent on the temperature, as well as on the concentration of the cDNA of CB2 transfected. Pertussis toxin blocked the regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by SR 144528.