• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.103-112
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• 2008

Objectives : This research aimed to study the cytotoxicity and immuno modulating activity of fermented Artemisia argyi Lev. et Vant.(Compositae). Methods : Effect of fermented Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts, which were fermented by Sacchromyces cerevisiae STV89(AFS), on cell viability, generation of ROS within cells, generation of NO and the level of cytokines($TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6) was measured using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cell. Results : 1. Result of MTT assay conducted to verify the cytotoxicity of fermented Artemisiae argyi folium extract illustrated that, when fermented Artemisiae argyi folium extract was processed for each concentration, there was no excessive induction of cytoxicity in the RAW 264.7 cell. 2. Fermented Artemisiae Argyi Folium extract increased the generation of H2O2 within RAW 264.7 cell as well as significantly increased inhibition of generation of H2O2 in macrophage induced by LPS. 3. Fermented Artemisiae Argyi Folium extract inhibited generation of NO in RAW 264.7 cell, and significantly inhibited increase in generation of NO of macrophage induced by LPS. 4. Fermented Artemisiae Argyi Folium extract, AFS has significantly reduced the increase in the generation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ above 10 ${\mu}g/mL$. 5. Fermented Artemisiae Argyi Folium extract, AFS has significantly reduced the increase in generation of IL-6 above 50 ${\mu}g/mL$. Conclusions : AFS fermented extract produced from Artemisiae Argyi Flium, have increased generation of ROS and reduced generation of NO in RAW 264.7 cell without excessively inducing cytotoxicity of RAW 264.7 cell. In addition, they displayed significant immuno modulating activities including inhibition of generation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in macrophage, induced by LPS.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.312-319
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• 2021

Objective: Stress-induced cytotoxicity caused by xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites induces the production of reactive oxygen species and often results in damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes are most abundant in hepatocytes, where they play key roles in regulating cellular stress responses. We aimed to determine the effects of the antioxidant compound, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), on oxidative stress response, and study the cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A (CYP3A) gene expression in fetal horse hepatocytes. Methods: The expression of hepatocyte markers and CYP3A family genes (CYP3A89, CYP3A93, CYP3A94, CYP3A95, CYP3A96, and CYP3A97) were assessed in different organ tissues of the horse and fetal horse liver-derived cells (FHLCs) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To elucidate the antioxidant effects of MSM on FHLCs, cell viability, levels of oxidative markers, and gene expression of CYP3A were investigated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the presence and absence of MSM. Results: FHLCs exhibited features of liver cells and simultaneously maintained the typical genetic characteristics of normal liver tissue; however, the expression profiles of some liver markers and CYP3A genes, except that of CYP3A93, were different. The expression of CYP3A93 specifically increased after the addition of H2O2 to the culture medium. MSM treatment reduced oxidative stress as well as the expression of CYP3A93 and heme oxygenase 1, an oxidative marker in FHLCs. Conclusion: MSM could reduce oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in FHLCs by altering CYP3A93 expression and related signaling pathways.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.54-68
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether metformin (MF) could alleviate the expresssion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from diabetic rats (drBMSCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs in a nude mouse model in vivo. Methods: BMSCs were extracted from normal and diabetic rats. In vitro, a cell viability assay (Cell Counting Kit-8), tests of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and western blot analysis were first used to determine the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs that were subjected to treatment with different concentrations of MF (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 µM). The cells were then divided into 5 groups: (1) normal rat BMSCs (the BMSCs derived from normal rats group), (2) the drBMSCs group, (3) the drBMSCs + Mito-TEMPO (10 µM, ROS scavenger) group, (4) the drBMSCs + MF (200 µM) group, and (5) the drBMSCs + MF (200 µM) + H₂O₂ (50 µM, ROS activator) group. Intracellular ROS detection, a senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine the effects of MF on oxidative stress and osteogenic differentiation in drBMSCs. In vivo, the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs was evaluated in a nude mouse model. Results: MF effectively reduced ROS levels in drBMSCs. The cell proliferation, ALP activity, mineral deposition, and osteogenic-related protein expression of drBMSCs were demonstrably higher in the MF-treated group than in the non-MF-treated group. H₂O₂ inhibited the effects of MF. In addition, ectopic osteogenesis was significantly increased in drBMSCs treated with MF. Conclusions: MF promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs by inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by diabetes and enhenced the ectopic bone formation of drBMSCs in nude mice.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.66-72
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• 2024

In this study, the applicability of CCMs (Carbondioxide conversion capture materials) manufactured by reacting carbon dioxide gas with DG (Desulfurization gypsum) as a cement substitute for secondary concrete products were evaluated and the basic physical properties of CCMs-mixed mortar and concrete specimens were measured to derive the optimal mixing ratio. The main chemical oxides of CCMs were CaO and SO₃, and the main crystalline phases were CaSO₄·2H₂O, Ca(OH)₂, CaCO₃, and CaSO₄. In addition, by the results of particle size analysis and heavy metal measurement, the applicability of CCMs as a cement substitute for secondary concrete products was confirmed. As a result of measuring the strength behavior using mortar and concrete specimens with CCMs, the compressive and flexural strength decreased as the mix ratio of CCMs increased, but requirements by the standards for interlocking blocks and retaining wall blocks, which are target products in this study, were satisfied up to the optimal mixing ratio of 10 wt.% substitution. Therefore, its applicability as a cement substitute for secondary concrete products was confirmed.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 2011

DME has received much attention because of its possible use as a fuel and a chemical feedstock. Chemical conversion of DME to olefin (DTO) over various SAPO-34 catalysts was carried out using a fixed bed reactor. Main products of the reaction were light olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butenes. The best reaction conditions for high life time of the catalyst and high selectivity of light olefins were a reaction temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ and a WHSV of $3.54h^{-1}$. In addition, it was found that the deactivation of a SAPO-34 catalyst can be significantly suppressed by the addition of $ZrO_2$ as a supporter.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.556-562
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• 1989

The bioconversion of mandarin orange peel press liquor to single cell protein (SCP) by two yeast strains, F-60, and C-7, which were isolated from mandarin orange peel was carried out and compared with that of using Candida utilis IFO 0598. Experiments were directed toward the high yield of biomass and high protein in cultures of the strains mentioned above. Candida utilis IFO 0598, F-60 and C-7 strains were cultivated at 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH 5.2 for 3 days in shaking flasks. The effects of some nutrients on cell growth were studied. Cell mass and protein content per cell mass were increased by addition of urea 1%, KH$_2$PO$_4$ 0.1% and MgSO$_4$ㆍ7$H_2O$ 0.05%, When the F-60 strain cultured under the optimal conditions, cell mass, growth yield and protein content were 41.2g/l, 53.9%, 59.7%, respectively. Cell mass was also increased up to 15% by modifying the fermentation condition on the bench type 20l jar fermentor. Crude fat content (10.3%) of dried C-7 cell was higher than those of C. utilis and F-60, 4.9% and 5.6% respectively. Total protein content of the F-60 strain was 59.7% per dry weight. And we compared their amino acid compositions with that of FAO provisional pattern. In the case of the F-60 strains, amino acid contents such as lysine, leucine and isoleucine were much higher than those of methionine, cystine and tryptophan.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.11-15
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• 2015

In this paper, the multi-point hydrogen detection system based on the combination of the hetero-core optical fiber SPR hydrogen tip sensor and interrogator by pseudorandom noise (PN) code correlation reflectometry has been developed. In a light intensity-based experiment with an LED operating at 850 nm, it has been presented that a transmitted loss change of 0.32dB was induced with a response time of 25 s for 4% $H_2$ in $N_2$ in the case of the 25-nm Au, 60-nm $Ta_2O_5$, and 5-nm Pd multi-layers film. The proposed sensor characteristic shows excellent reproducibility in terms of loss level and time response for the in- and out- $H_2$ action. In addition, in the experiment for multi-point hydrogen detection, all sensors show the real-time response for 4% hydrogen adding with reproducible working. As a result, the real-time multi-point hydrogen detection could be realized by means of the combination of interrogating system and hetero-core optical fiber SPR hydrogen tip sensors.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.513-520
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• 1999

Alumina-coated SiC whiskers wee prepared by the calcination (1150$^{\circ}C$, 1h, Ar) of the alumina hydrate layer which was precipitated homogeneously on whisker surface from a solution of Al2(SO4)3 and urea as a precipitant. In addition carbon coated SiC whiskers were prepared by the pyrolysis (1000$^{\circ}C$, 4h Ar) of phenolic resin coated whisker. The effects of coating conditions on the thickness and morphology of the coated layers were examined by SEM and TEM. It was found that Al2O3-coating layers become thinner and more uniform with decreasing the Al2(SO4)3 concentration. Thin (0.075-0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$) and uniformly alumina-coating layers were obtained at the Al2(SO4)3 concentration 0.010mol/l. On the other han carbon-coating layers were uniform but very thin (5-16 nm) in thickness. For thicker carbon-coating layers ethanol as a disperse medium was found to be more efficient compared tousing acetone.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2229-2237
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• 2012

The two chelates based on calix[4]arene and thiacalix[4]arene have been synthesized and used as neutral ionophores for preparing PVC based membrane sensor selective to $Ho^{3+}$ ion. The addition of potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB) and various plasticizers, viz., NDPE, o-NPOE, DOP, TEP and DOS have been found to improve significantly the performance of the sensors. The best performance was obtained with the sensor no. 6 having membrane of $L_2$ with composition (w/w) ionophore (2%): KTpClPB (4%): PVC (37%): NDPE (57%). This sensor exhibits Nernatian response with slope $21.10{\pm}0.3mV/decade$ of activity in the concentration range $3.0{\times}10^{-8}-1.0{\times}10^{-2}M\;Ho^{3+}\;ion$, with a detection limit of $1.0{\times}10^{-8}M$. The proposed sensor performs satisfactorily over a wide pH range of 2.8-10, with a fast response time (5 s). The sensor was also found to work successfully in partially non-aqueous media up to 25% (v/v) content of methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile, and can be used for a period of 4 months without any significant drift in potential. The electrode was also used for the determination of $Ho^{3+}$ ions in synthetic mixtures of different ions and the determination of the arsenate ion in different water samples.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.556-561
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• 1997

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 FM-3 was isolated from sea water, and it showed the same bacteriological characteristics as Vibrio cholerae non-O1 ATCC 25872. V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3 presented the highest hemolytic activity at stationary phase of its growth. The hemolytic activity was decreased in accordance with increasing of pretense activity of its cultural supernatant. The characteristics of the hemolysin produced by V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3 were investigated after partial purification with a Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The hemolytic activity of purified protein was stable at $4^{\circ}C$ while it was completely lost by heating at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The activity of hemolysin was increased by addition of divalent cations such as $Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;and\;Mn^{2+}$ while it was inhibited by additions of $Zn^{2+}$. When the hemolysin was incubated with suspensions of erythrocytes at $4^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively, hemolysis was not observed at $4^{\circ}C$ but at $37^{\circ}C$. It means that hemolysis by purified hemolysin was temperature-dependent while its binding step of hemolysin to cell membrane was temperature-independent.