• 약학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1995

The interaction of omeprazole(OMP) with $\gamma$-cyclodextrin($\gamma$-CyD) was investigated by solubility study and the complexation was confirmed by means of UV/VIS spectrophotometer, circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimeter, and $^{1}$H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The stability, dissolution rate, and partition coefficient of the complex were measured. The results present that the benzimidazole moiety and a part of pyridine ring containing sulfur atom of OMP might be included into the cavity of $\gamma$-CyD and the formation type of inclusion complex appeared to be B$_{s}$. The stoichiometric ratio of OMP to $\gamma$-CyD in the complex was found to be 1:1 and the stability constant of the complex found to be 97.1 M$^{-1}$. And the dissolution rate of OMP was markedly increased by inclusion complex formation with $\gamma$-CyD, and so it was above 90% in 5 min. from solid complex. Oil to water partition coefficient of OMP-$\gamma$-CyD complex was 60, which is significantly higher than that of OMP itself, 36.4. The degradation rate constant of OMP were greater than OMP-$\gamma$-CyD complex in aqueous solutions of various pHs, and the half lives of OMP and OMP-$\gamma$-CyD at pH 9 were 279.2 and 509.9 days, respectively, showing that the complex was more stable than OMP, therefore it was thought that OMP was stabilized by inclusion formation with $\gamma$-CyD.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1979

대두(大豆)의 ${\gamma}-conglycinin$을 정제(精製)하고 그의 물리일(物理一) 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)을 연구(硏究)하여 다음의 결과(結果)를 얻었다. Gamma-conglycinin은 대두(大豆)의 pH 4.5, 0.2M Nacl 추출액을 Sephadex G-150으로 분리하여 얻은 7S globulin을 DEAE-Sephadex A-50으로 column chromatography하여 정제(精製)하였다. 정제된 ${\gamma}-conglycinin$은 면역전기영동(免疫電氣泳動), polyacrylamide gel 전기영동(電氣泳動)과 gel isoelectric focusing 상으로 순수(純粹)하였다. 등전점(等電點)은 pH 5.4이었으며 질소(窒素) 16.21%, mannose 4.18, glucosamine 1.21%의 함량(含量)이었다. 아미노산 조성(組成)은 일반적(一般的)으로 lysine, dicarboxylic acid와 암모니아태(態) 질소(窒素)의 함량(含量)이 높았고 함황(含黃)아미노산과 tryptophane의 함량(含量)은 낮은 편이었다. Subunit의 등전점(等電點)은 pH $4.5{\sim}5.5$에 분희(分希)하였는데 그중 pH $4.6{\sim}5.0$에 위치(位置)한 것은 분자량(分子量) 38,000의 당(糖) peptide이었으며 pH $5.0{\sim}5.5$의 것은 분자량(分子量) 32,000의 단순(單純) peptide이었다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2004

이 논문에서는 특이섭동 T-S 퍼지시스템의 $H_{\infty}$ 출력 궤환 제어기의 설계를 취급한다. 특이섭동 시스템에서 저속 부시스템과 고속 부시스템의 $H_{\infty}$ 노옴이 각각 ${\gamma}$ 보다 적다면 충분히 적은 ${\varepsilon}$>0에 대해서 특이섭동 퍼지시스템의 $H_{\infty}$ 노옴이 ${\gamma}$보다 적음을 증명한다. 이러한 사실을 이용하여 특이섭동 파라메터 ${\varepsilon}$과 무관한 선형 행렬부등식을 기반으로하는 제어기 설계법을 제시한다. 제시된 설계법의 효용성을 입증하기 위하여 수치예를 보여준다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1985

[$^{2}$H$_{2}$] Tranylcypromine hydrochloride (trans-3, 3-dideuterio-2-phenylcyclopropylamine HCL) was synthesized for application to the metabolic studies. Mass fragmentation processes for the tranylcypromine and its two synthetic intermediates .gamma-phenyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone and trans-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid were described based upon comparisons between labeled and unlabeled compounds.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2003

The hydrophobic ligand-containing hollow polypropylene (PP) membranes were synthesized by the mutual radiation induced graft copolymerization with glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) onto hollow PP membrane followed by the subsequent functionalization with L-phenylalanine. FT-IR, elemental analysis and UV spectroscopy were utilized to characterize copolymer composition, and degree of grafting, functionalization conversion and ${\gamma}$-globulins adsorption. The degree of grafting on the PP surface increased with the reaction time and total dose of E-beam. In the subsquent functionalization, the amount of L-phenylalanine increased with the increase in the degree of grafting and the degree of conversion was about 30%. The ${\gamma}$-globulins adsorption experiments showed that adsorption capacity had a maximum value at pH 8. The ${\gamma}$-globulins adsorption capacity in the basic pH region was higher than in the acidic pH region.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.534-541
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation (${\gamma}$-irradiation) at doses of 15, 30 and 45 kGy on chemical composition, anti-nutritional factors, ruminal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradibility, in vitro CP digestibility and to monitor the fate of true proteins of full-fat soybean (SB) in the rumen. Nylon bags of untreated or ${\gamma}$-irradiated SB were suspended in the rumens of three ruminally-fistulated bulls for up to 48 h and resulting data were fitted to a nonlinear degradation model to calculate degradation parameters of DM and CP. Proteins of untreated and treated SB bag residues were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Digestibility of rumen undegraded CP was estimated using the three-step in vitro procedure. The chemical composition of raw and irradiated soybeans was similar. Results showed that phytic acid in ${\gamma}$-irradiated SB at dose of 30 kGy was eliminated completely. The trypsin inhibitor activity of 15, 30 and 45 kGy ${\gamma}$-irradiated SB was decreased (p<0.01) by 18.4, 55.5 and 63.5%, respectively. From in sacco results, ${\gamma}$-irradiation decreased (p<0.05) the washout fractions of DM and CP at doses of 30 and 45 kGy, but increased (p<0.05) the potentially degradable fractions. Gamma irradiation at doses of 15, 30 and 45 kGy decreased (p<0.05) effective degradability of CP at a rumen outflow rate of 0.05 $h^{-1}$ by 4.4, 14.4 and 26.5%, respectively. On the contrary, digestibility of ruminally undegraded CP of irradiated SB at doses of 30 and 45 kGy was improved (p<0.05) by 12 and 28%, respectively. Electrophoretic analysis of untreated soybean proteins incubated in the rumen revealed that ${\beta}$-conglycinin subunits had disappeared at 2 h of incubation time, whereas the subunits of glycinin were more resistant to degradation until 16 h of incubation. From the SDS-PAGE patterns, acidic subunits of 15, 30 and 45 kGy ${\gamma}$-irradiated SB disappeared after 8, 8 and 16 h of incubation, respectively, while the basic subunits of glycinin were not degraded completely until 24, 48 and 48 h of incubation, respectively. It was concluded that ${\gamma}$-irradiated soybean proteins at doses higher than 15 kGy could be effectively protected from ruminal degradation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.326-329
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• 1992

${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid를 함유한 유지를 생산하기 위해 포도당을 주기적으로 첨가하면서 Mucor sp. KCTC 8405P를 유가배양하였다. 배양 시작 후 2일까지 효모 모양으로 배양한 후 배지의 pH를 높여 균사체 모양으로 유도하여 배양하면, 지방질은 포도당이 고갈되는 배양 7일째까지 축적되었다. 본 배양조건에 의하여 건조 균체량 99.3 g/l, 총지방질 38.0 g/l와 3.5 g/l의 ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid를 얻을 수가 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.673-679
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• 2003

Glutamine and urea, abundant in body fluids or plasma, yield net ammonium ions upon hydrolysis by ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transpeptidase (${\gamma}-GTP$) and urease, respectively, and these two enzymes are largely produced from Helicobacter pylori. To investigate bacterial potential of ammonium production, we first quantified those in whole-cell systems and found that the relative ratio of their amounts varied greatly, especially with pH values and the cell's aging. During the H. pylori cultivation, the ratio appeared to be inversely proportional to each other, showing a progressive increase of the ${\gamma}-GTP$ with decreasing of the urease. Under the urease-defective conditions due to low pH or coccoids, the bacterial cells still possessed a considerable amount of ${\gamma}-GTP$, which was found exclusively in the external compartment, therefore, the cell's ammonium production was found to be solely dependent upon glutamine, and the external ammonium concentration was constant without any contribution of urea concentration. Such ammonium constancy would definitely have an adverse effect on the host, because of its absolute requirement for vacuolar degeneration by H. pylori VacA, maximized at approximately 10 mM $NH_4Cl$. It was also found that, by using the metal-saturated membrane vesicles, ammonium ions were likely to be involved in the pH-dependent cation-flux across the H. pylori membrane, where the role of ${\gamma}-GTP$ in ammonium homeostasis around cells was suggested, especially under the hostile conditions against H. pylori.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.913-921
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 강인한 성능을 가지는 해집단내에서 기준모델의 출력을 최적으로 추종하도록 유전 알고리즘을 사용하여 가중치 함수와 설계 파라메타 ${\gamma}$를 동시에 최적화함으로써, 강인한 성능에 관한 필요충분조건식을 만족함은 물론 설계사양에 따른 만족스러운 응답특성을 보이는 강인한 성능을 가지는 모델추종형 $H_{\infty}$ 제어기의 설계법을 제시하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 그 유용성을 확인한다.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제4C권4호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2004

The temporal variation of a secondary electron emission coefficient (${\gamma}$ coefficient) of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) was investigated in a dc silane plasma. Estimated ${\gamma}$ coefficients have a value of 2.73 ${\times}$ 10$^{-2}$ on the pure aluminum electrode and 1.5 ${\times}$ 10$^{-3}$ after 2 hours deposition of -Si:H thin films on a cathode. It showed an abrupt decrease for about 30 minutes before saturation. The variation of the ${\gamma}$ coefficient was estimated as a function of the thin film thickness, and the film thickness was about 80 nm after 30 minutes deposition time. These results are compared with the results of a computer simulation for ion penetration into a cathode.