• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.442-450
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• 2009

Piperine is an alkaloid-amine found in pepper and has been reported to have anticarcinogenic properties. To explore the possibility that piperine has cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects in colon cancer, we examined whether piperine inhibits the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells and investigated the mechanisms for this effect. Cells were cultured with various concentrations ($0{\sim}40{\mu}M$) of piperine. Piperine decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Western blot analysis of total cell lysates revealed that piperine decreases the protein levels of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and intact Bid but increases Bik levels. Piperine increased the percentage of cells with depolarized mitochondrial membrane, and the release of cytochrome c into cytoplasm. Piperine induced the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspases 8, 9, 7, and 3 and increased the Fas levels. In addition, piperine significantly decreased the protein levels of survivin. The present results indicate that piperine inhibits the growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells by the induction of apoptosis, which may be mediated by its ability to change the Bcl-2 family proteins, increase the activation of caspases, and decrease survivin levels. Overall, our findings suggest that piperine has cancer chemotherapeutic effects in colon cancer.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.7
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• pp.159-172
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• 2016

This paper presents a novel algorithm for searching evacuation paths in indoor disaster environments. The proposed method significantly improves the time complexity to find the paths to the evacuation exit by introducing a light-weight Disaster Evacuation Graph (DEG) for a building in terms of the size of the graph. With the DEG, the method also considers load balancing and bottleneck capacity of the paths to the evacuation exit simultaneously. The behavior of the algorithm consists of two phases: horizontal tiering (HT) and vertical tiering (VT). The HT phase finds a possible optimal path from anywhere of a specific floor to the evacuation stairs of the floor. Thus, after finishing the HT phases of all floors in parallel the VT phase begins to integrate all results from the previous HT phases to determine a evacuation path from anywhere of a floor to the safety zone of the building that could be the entrance or the roof of the building. It should be noted that the path produced by the algorithm. And, in order to define the range of graph to process, tiering scheme is used. In order to test the performance of the method, computing times and evacuation times are compared to the existing path searching algorithms. The result shows the proposed method is better than the existing algorithms in terms of the computing time and evacuation time. It is useful in a large-scale building to find the evacuation routes for evacuees quickly.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2010

Purpose: Troglitazone (TRO), a PPAR-$\gamma$ agonist, can reduce heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and increase the antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, which might affect thermal sensitivity. Here, we investigated whether TRO modifies thermal sensitivity in uterine cervical cancer cells, which is most commonly treated by hyperthermia (HT). Materials and Methods: HeLa cells were treated with $5{\mu}M$ TRO for 24 hours before HT at $42^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. Cell survival was analyzed by clonogenic assay. The expression of HSPs was analyzed by Western blot. SOD and catalase activity was measured and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and dihydroethidium. Results: The decreased cell survival by HT was increased by preincubation with TRO before HT. Expression of HSP 70 was increased by HT however, it was not decreased by preincubation with TRO before HT. The decreased Bcl-2 expression by HT was increased by preincubation with TRO. SOD and catalase activity was increased by 1.2 and 1.3 times,respectively with TRO. Increased ROS by HT was decreased by preincubation with TRO. Conclusion: TRO decreases thermal sensitivity through increased SOD and catalase activity, as well as scavenging ROS in HeLa cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.749-761
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• 2022

This study evaluated the antioxidizing and antiproliferative effects of Angelica japonica extract and its solvent-partitioned fractions. A dried sample of the halophyte A. japonica was extracted twice using methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂) and extracted twice again using methanol (MeOH). The combined crude extracts were then fractionated by solvent polarity into distilled water (water), n-butanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), and n-hexane fractions. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts and their solvent-partitioned fractions were assessed according to their DPPH radical and peroxynitrite scavenging abilities, formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA oxidation, NO production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The crude extract showed significant antioxidant activity in the overall antioxidizing bioassay systems. Among solvent-partitioned fractions, good antioxidant activities were observed in n-BuOH and 85% aq.MeOH fractions and significantly correlated with the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the samples. Furthermore, all samples tested, including the crude extract, not only showed cytotoxic effects against human cancer cells (AGS, HT-29, MCF-7, and HT-1080) but also prevented cell migration in a dose-dependent manner in the wound healing assay using HT 1080. Among the solvent-partitioned fractions, the 85% aq.MeOH fraction most effectively inhibited the invasion of HT-1080 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that A. japonica may be a potential antioxidizing and antiproliferative agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.637-642
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• 2005

The antibacterial effect of methanol and water extracts from edible mushrooms on the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Echerichia coli O-157, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi) were investigated. The Lyophyllum cinerascens and Pleurotus ostreatus2 methanol extracts treated with 5.0 mg/disc showed the highest antimicrobial activity against 7 kinds of pathogenic bacteria. And methanol extracts of edible mushrooms showed higher antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms than water extracts. The methanol extracts of mushrooms revealed high inhibitive activites in cytotoxicity on human cancer HepG2 and HT-29 cells. The growth of cancer HepG2 and HT 29 cells which treated with 1 mg/mL of Cordyceps militaris and Sarcodon aspratus methanol extracts were strongly inhibited to $67\%$ and $81\%$ respectively. And most of the methanol extracts exhibited the stronger effects against these cells, at the same concentration, comparing with water extracts. Particularly, the methanol and water extracts of Cordyceps militaris, Agaricus blazei, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Ganoderma lucidum and Sarcodon aspratus have the strongest antitumoral effects on HepG2 and HT-29 cells. From these results, it is considered that wild mushrooms have stronger antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic effects.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2009

Whole plants of Corydalis heterocarpa were extracted twice with $CH_2Cl_2$ and MeOH in turn. The combined crude extracts were concentrated in vacuo and then partitioned between $CH_2Cl_2$ and $H_2O$. The organic layer was fractionated with n-hexane and 85% aq. MeOH, and the aqueous fraction was also further fractionated with n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. Growth inhibition effects of crude extracts and their solvent fractions were evaluated in AGS, HT1080, U-937, MCF-7 and HT-29 human cancer cells using MTT assay. The inhibitory effects of solvent fractions were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Among these tested samples, 85% aq. MeOH fraction showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the growth of human cancer cells. These results suggest that active compounds having much stronger anticancer effect can be isolated from Corydalis heterocarpa.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.662-670
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• 2021

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaking cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) muscles that generate the rhythmic oscillation in membrane potentials known as slow waves. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and serotonergic antidepressant, on pacemaking potential in cultured ICCs from the murine small intestine. The whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potential in cultured ICCs. Mirtazapine induced pacemaker potential depolarizations in a concentration-dependent manner in the current clamp mode. Y25130 (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist), RS39604 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist), and SB269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist) had no effects on mirtazapine-induced pacemaker potential depolarizations. Also, methoctramine, a muscarinic M₂ receptor antagonist, had no effect on mirtazapine-induced pacemaker potential depolarizations, whereas 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine methiodide (4-DAMP), a muscarinic M₃ receptor antagonist, inhibited the depolarizations. When guanosine 5'-[β-thio] diphosphate (GDP-β-S; 1 mM) was in the pipette solution, mirtazapine-induced pacemaker potential depolarization was blocked. When an external Ca²⁺ free solution or thapsigargin, a Ca²⁺-ATPase inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum, was applied, the generation of pacemaker potentials disappeared, and under these conditions, mirtazapine induced pacemaker potential depolarizations. In addition, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, calphostin C, and chelerythrine inhibited mirtazapine-induced pacemaker potential depolarizations. These results suggest that mirtazapine regulates pacemaker potentials through muscarinic M₃ receptor activation via a G protein-dependent and an external or internal Ca²⁺-independent PKC pathway in the ICCs. Therefore, mirtazapine can control GI motility through ICCs.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.588-591
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• 2000

Serine palmitoyl transferase(SPT) and ceramidase are the key enzymes in sphingolipid biosynthesis. To study sphingolipid metabolism, we have got the 5'-upstream regions of human serine palmitoyl transferase subunit II and acid ceramidase gene by using GenomeWalker kits(Clontech Co.). Human genomic DNA was purified from HT29, human colon canser cell line by using DNAzol. We got several bands after secondary PCR and subcloned them to T7bule vector. Human SPTII promoter which we got was 2690bp but we cut it with Bgl II and vector with Bgl II and BamH I, and subcloned 1782bp to pGL2-enhancer vector and pGL2-basic vector with luciferase reporter gene. Human acid ceramidase promoter which we got were 2028bp and 1034bp and subcloned to pGL2-enhancer vector and pGL2-basic vector. We transfected these promoters to HT29 cell and assayed luciferase activity. For measuring transfection efficiency, pRL-TK vector with seapancy luciferase reproter gene was cotransfected with these promoters.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.1 s.56
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

유산균(Lactic acid bacteria)은 Escherichia coli와 Salmonella typhimurium과 같은 병원균에 대한 항균활성을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 면역 증강효과를 나타내는 등 인체내에서 건강에 이로운 다양한 역할을 수행하는 것으로 알려졌다. 특히, Pediococcus pentosaseus와 몇몇 Lactobacillus 종으로부터 분리한 항균활성을 나타내는 peptide들인 safelac과 lactopad는 몇몇 암세포주의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 HT-29, SW 480 및 Caco-2와 같은 3종류의 인간의 결장암 세포주에 safelac과 lactopad를 투여하여 이들이 항암효과를 나타낼 수 있는 지를 분석하고자 하였다. XTT assay는 safelaf과 lactopad가 HT-29, SW 480 및 Caco-2의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히, 이들 peptide들을 72시간동안 처리했을 때 나타나는 항암효과는 $3.1{\sim}100mg/mL$의 농도범위에서 유의한 결과를 나타내었으며, 분석한 농도 범위에서 용량 의존적인 방식으로 더 강한 효과를 나타내었다. RAW 264.7 세포주는 cytokine인 tumor-necrosis factor(TNF-${\alpha}$)의 생성에 미치는 이들 peptide들의 효과를 조사하기 위한 대식세포의 모델로써 이용되었다. RAW 264.7 세포주에서 TNF-${\alpha}$의 생성은 이들 peptide들에 의해 48시간 배양시 용량에 의존적인 방식으로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 이러한 발견은 safelac과 lactopad와 같은 유산균으로부터 분리한 항균 peptide들이 결장암 세포에 대한 화학적 예방제로서의 잠재성을 갖고 있음을 시사하는 결과로서 주목된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.250-254
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• 2002

The anticancer effects of leek (buchu in Korean) kimchi were evaluated in the human cancer cells: AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells, HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and HL-60 leukemia cells. The leek kimchi (fermented for 6 days at 15$^{\circ}C$) was fractionated into 7 groups: methanol extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble extract MSE), dichloromethane (DCM) fraction (fr.), ethyl acetate fr., butanol fr. and aqueous fr. Most of the leek kimchi tractions inhibited the growth of AGS and HT-29 cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. In particular, the DCM fr. showed the highest inhibitory effect among the tractions. Treatment with the DCM fr. (0.1 mg/mL) reduced the survival rates of AGS and HT-29 cancer cells to 19% and 37% of the controls, respectively. Moreover the DCM fr. of the leek kimchi arrested G2/M phase in the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. These results indicate that the leek kimchi exerted an anticancer effect on those human cancer cells, and that the DCM fr. arrested G2/M phase in the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in the leukemia cells.