• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.977-985
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• 2013

Many situations are classified into more than two categories in real world. In this work, we consider ROC surface and VUS, which are graphical representation methods for classification models with three categories. The standard criteria of AUC for the probability of default based on Basel II is extended to the VUS for ROC surface; therefore, the standardized criteria of VUS for the classification model is proposed. The ranges of AUC, K-S and mean difference statistics corresponding to VUS values for each class of the standard criteria are obtained. The standard criteria of VUS for ROC surface can be established by exploring the relationships of these statistics.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47.1-47.1
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• 2016

The determination of three dimensional parameters (e.g., radial speed, angular width, source location) of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) is very important for space weather forecast. To estimate these parameters, several cone models based on a flat cone or a shallow ice-cream cone with spherical front have been suggested. In this study, we investigate which cone model is proper for halo CME morphology using 26 CMEs which are identified as halo CMEs by one spacecraft (SOHO or STEREO-A or B) and as limb CMEs by the other ones. From geometrical parameters of these CMEs such as their front curvature, we find that near full ice-cream cone CMEs are dominant over shallow ice-cream cone CMEs. Thus we develop a new full ice-cream cone model by assuming that a full ice-cream cone consists of many flat cones with different heights and angular widths. This model is carried out by the following steps: (1) construct a cone for given height and angular width, (2) project the cone onto the sky plane, (3) select points comprising the outer boundary, (4) minimize the difference between the estimated projection speeds with the observed ones. We apply this model to 12 SOHO halo CMEs and compare the results with those from other stereoscopic methods (a geometrical triangulation method and a Graduated Cylindrical Shell model) based on multi-spacecraft data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.116-118
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• 2018

This paper introduces oneM2M global IoT standard middleware platform based smart city service data model support and FIWARENGSI interworking for Orion Broker. Also, service data models implementation using flexContainer resource types and FIWARENGSI interworking using the Interworking Framework (TS-0033) from oneM2M Release 3 are also illustrated. In this system, data model element level access (e.g. for subscription/notification feature) is enabled, which is enhancement compared to contentInstance resource type before, and service agnostic FIWARE NGSI interworking is provided over the Interworking Framework for smart city platform data interworking.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.931-936
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• 2003

By the use of multi-loop thermodynamic boxes developed here by us, we show that models of enzyme catalysis (e.g., split-site model) developed in an attempt to emphasize the importance of the reactant-state destabilization and, thus, demonstrate misleading nature of the fundamentalist position which defines Pauling's transition-state stabilization as the entire and sole source of enzyme catalytic power, should be reduced to the fundamentalist formulation which completely neglects dynamical aspects of mechanism between the reactant and the transition states and dwells only on events restricted to the reactant and transition states alone, because the splitsite (and other canonical) formulations as well as fundamentalist formulations are based, in common, on equilibrium assumptions stipulated by the thermodynamic box logics. We propose to define the equilibrium assumptions as the requisite and sufficient conditions for the fundamentalist position to enjoy its primacy as central dogma, but not as sufficient conditions for its validity, because it is subjected to contradictions presented by existing data.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.891-908
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• 2015

For a systematic study on wind-induced vibration characteristics of large hyperbolic cooling towers with different feature sizes, the pressure measurement tests are finished on the rigid body models of three representative cooling towers with the height of 155 m, 177 m and 215 m respectively. Combining the refined frequency-domain algorithm of wind-induced responses, the wind-induced average response, resonant response, background response, coupling response and wind vibration coefficients of large cooling towers with different feature sizes are obtained. Based on the calculating results, the parametric analysis on wind-induced vibration of cooling towers is carried out, e.g. the feature sizes, damping ratio and the interference effect of surrounding buildings. The discussion shows that the increase of feature sizes makes wind-induced average response and fluctuating response larger correspondingly, and the proportion of resonant response also gradually increased, but it has little effect on the wind vibration coefficient. The increase of damping ratio makes resonant response and the wind vibration coefficient decreases obviously, which brings about no effect on average response and background response. The interference effect of surrounding buildings makes the fluctuating response and wind vibration coefficient increased significantly, furthermore, the increase ranges of resonant response is greater than background response.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.561-580
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• 2014

After strong earthquakes conventional frames used worldwide in multi - story steel buildings (e.g. moment resisting frames) are not well positioned according to reparability. Two innovative systems for seismic resistant steel frames incorporated with dissipative fuses were developed within the European Research Program "FUSEIS" (Vayas et al. 2013). The first, FUSEIS1, resembles a vertical Vierendeel beam and is composed of two closely spaced strong columns rigidly connected to multiple beams. In the second system, FUSEIS2, a discontinuity is introduced in the composite beams of a moment resisting frame and the dissipative devices are steel plates connecting the two parts. The FUSEIS system is able to dissipate energy by means of inelastic deformations in the fuses and combines ductility and architectural transparency with stiffness. In case of strong earthquakes damage concentrates only in the fuses which behave as self-centering systems able to return the structure to its initial undeformed shape. Repair work after such an event is limited only to replacing the fuses. Experimental and numerical investigations were performed to study the response of the fuses system. Code relevant design rules for the seismic design of frames with dissipative FUSEIS and practical recommendations on the selection of the appropriate fuses as a function of the most important parameters and member verifications have been formulated and are included in a Design Guide. This article presents the design and performance of building frames with FUSEIS 1-1 based on models calibrated on the experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1996-2000
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• 2008

In autothermal reforming reaction, oxygen to carbon ratio (OCR) and steam to carbon ratio (SCR) are significant factors, which control temperature and carbon deposition into the reactor. The OCR is more sensitive than the SCR to affect the temperature distribution and reforming efficiency. In conventional operation, hydrocarbon fuel, steam, and oxygen was homogeneously mixed and injected into the reactor in order to get hydrogen-rich gas. The temperature was abruptly raised due to fast oxidation reaction in the former part of the reactor. Deactivation of packed catalysts can be accelerated there. In the present study, therefore, the effect of the oxygen distribution is introduced and investigated to suppress the carbon deposition and to maintain the reactor in the mild operating temperature (e.g., $700{\sim}800^{\circ}C$). In order to investigate the effect numerically, the following models are adopted; heterogeneous reaction model and two-medium model for heat balance.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.15-30
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• 2001

Lateralization, the change of a coronal nasal into a lateral in an l-n sequence, has been considered to be prosodically unrestricted, e.g. an utterance-span rule, in Korean (Han 1993, Park 1990). However, aerodynamic data of the nasal do not corroborate their claims. In the paper, I look at how lateralization can best be characterized. Specifically, I ask whether its domain is best treated via a syntax-based (Nespor & Vogel 1986, Selkirk 1984) or an intonation-based approach (Pierrehumbert 1980, Jun 1993) to prosodic structure. Based on nasal airflow data as a means of monitoring velum activity coincident with a nasal stop in an l-n sequence, combined with pitch tracks to define an accentual phrase, I argue that lateralization is neither an utterance-span rule nor a syntax-based rule. Sentences recorded with a potential environment for lateralization show that lateralization occurs within an accentural phrase but is blocked between accentual phrase boundaries. When intonation-based and syntax-based models disagree about phrase boundaries, lateralization only occurs where the intonation-based model predicts it will. This indicates that lateralization is best defined as an accentual pheonomenon, being sensitive to the accentual phrase. This finding lends further support to an intonation-based model for Korean prosodic structure (Jun 1993).

• Wind and Structures
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.317-336
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• 1998

In this paper the appraisal of a folding dome structure under the influence of wind loading is discussed. The foldable structure considered is constructed from an assembly of interconnected elements, together with a flexible membrane, all of which are initially store in a compact form and on deployment expand, like an umbrella, into a dome structure. Loading on the dome was obtained from a wind tunnel analysis of the pressure distribution over the roof of a 1:10 scale model of the structure. The critical loading obtained from the wind tunnel investigation was used, together with individual member and material tests, to form a series of numerical non-linear finite element models which were, in turn, used to investigate the forces within the structure. The numerical analysis was used to determine the critical wind loading that the structure can sustain, as well as providing a method by which to investigate the failure modes of the structure. In order to enhance the load carrying capacity of the dome it was found that both the strength and stiffness of the structural nodes needed to be enhanced and in addition, changes were necessary to substantially increase the stiffness of the individual member and caps.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.273-280
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• 2001

In architecture, each project participant must maintain organic relationship with others. However, current practices are rather procedural and discrete than organic, which result in considerable inefficiencies. The cool-downs of Korean construction market also force the architects to be familiar with the new construction methods and systems. This research mainly focuses on the pre-development stage of such systems, analysing relationships between the information of architectural design and other parts of construction information like structure, construction, environment, and so forth. The result of analysis can be organized into attributes of members in a physical building, which can be modeled in a 3D system. The resulting model can be used for automated generation of drawing, Bill of Materials, finite element meshes for structural analysis and energy analysis, etc. by extracting meaningful information from it. Hence, the purpose of this research is to analysis the relationship among domain-specific information (e.g. structural engineering, construction detail, energy evaluation) that are represented in drawings, and to represent the attributes of the information relevantly so that they can be applied to each unit task that forms the whole project. Therefore, an object oriented methodology is introduced to compose design informations in three dimension, and expressing properties of building factors and materials, and to construct a database for computers to recognize architecture informations.