• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.135-152
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• 1975

The following informations are known from physical and chemical characteristics of orchard soils and nutritional diagnosis of orange leaves in Jeju. 1. Most orange orchards are located on terrace and cindercone thus soil moisture and microclimate of an orchard will greatly be affected by its topography. 2. Excessive well drainage, shallow soil depth, high content of gravels, low solid phase ratio and strong wind will give severe problem of soil moisture and wind errosion, thus the exte- nsion of soil depth is necessary for maintain nutrients, water and sufficient root volume. 3. Available soil water was significantly and positively correlated with organic matter content and clay content also contributes to available soil water. Vinyl mulching was greatly helpful for soil water conservation, wind errosion prevention, soil temperature increases during winter. 4. Abundant amphoteric amorphous allophane take a key role to fix phosphorus and also rations and thus it is the major factor to determine fertilizer efficiency. Lime and phosphorus must be applied in deeper soil layer. Release of filed phosphorus must be reevluated for availability. 5. Organic matter such as see weeds will greatly increase fertilizer efficiency and low fertilizer efficiency during spring may be related to available soil water. 6. Nitrogen was in superoptimum and Mg was enough but P and Ca were somewhat deficient according to leaf analysies while K was deficient according to fruit analysis. Phosphorus application increased sugar/acid ratio and potassium decreases rind percentage. 7. Manganese deficiency and toxicity appeared in a few places. Iron and boron were enough. Most places showed tendency of copper excess but some places showed copper deficiency. 8. Soiling after elimination of rock base, application of slow release fertilizer and abundant organic matter, vinyl mulching and drip irrigation will increase fertilizer efficiency greatly and fruit yield drastically.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.77-98
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• 1974

This study was carried out ill an attempt to investigate the properties and activities of sericin obtained from silk cocoon shells in silk reeling water through various instrumental analyses. In addition, the effects of the characteristics in sericin solubility on the reeling process and silk qualities were also studied on the basis of tile above conditions. The results obtained are as follows： I. The sericin properties and activities through various analytical instruments. 1. The water solubility of each amino acid such as serine, glycine. glutamic and aspartic acids against the pH modified water by using automatic amino acid analyzer, showed the lowest solubility at PH 5, but it increased according to drifting toward the alkalinity. 2. When the obtained sericin particles by water pH variation were observed with the electronic microscope, it was found for the sericin Particles to expand in the alkaline regions. 3. The IR spectrum results showed the differences among the pH modified sericin solutions at the range of 2,100cm-1 and 1.890cm-1 of wave number. 4. The existence of sericin with in silk fabrics made differences in the X-ray interference intencity, that is, the non-degummed fabrics had the interference peak at 2$\theta$=14$^{\circ}$, 17$^{\circ}$, 24$^{\circ}$, and the degummed ones had it at 2$\theta$=17$^{\circ}$, 18$^{\circ}$, 20$^{\circ}$, 23$^{\circ}$, 26$^{\circ}$. II. The results of sericin solubility for silk reeling process. 1. The sericin solubility and swelling had a tendency to increase up with high M-alkalinity and pH value of water. But in case of acidity. water hardness and concentration of ethylene glycol were high, the sericin solubility and swelling were decreased. 2. With the filature experiments, the best conditions of filature orator are summarized as fellows ; a. pH; 6.9${\pm}$0.2 d. acidity; below10ppm b. total hardness; 55：5ppm e. Fe ion; none c. M-alkalinity; 40${\pm}$10ppm

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.510-523
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• 2020

This study analyzed groundwater quality in hydroponic cultivation facilities. Through this study, the possibility of groundwater use was evaluated according to the quality of the groundwater for hydroponic cultivation facilities. Good groundwater quality, on average, is pH 6.61, EC 0.27 dS/m, NO3-N 7.64 mg/L, NH4+-N 0.80 mg/L, PO4-P 0.09 mg/L, K+ 6.26 mg/L, Ca2+ 18.57 mg/L, Mg2+ 4.38 mg/L, Na+ 20.85 mg/L, etc. All of these satisfy the water quality standard for raw water in nutrient cultivation. But in the case of farmers experiencing problems with groundwater quality, most of the items exceeded the water quality standard. As a result of the analysis, it was judged that purifying groundwater of unsuitable quality for crop cultivation, and using it as raw water, was effective in terms of water quality and soil purification. If an agricultural water purification system is constructed based on the results of this study, it is judged that the design will be easy because the items to be treated can be estimated. If a purification system is established, it can use groundwater directly in the facility and for horticulture. These study results will be available for use in sustainable agriculture and environments.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2000

Zinc is one of the most abundant oligoelements in the living cell. It appears tightly bound to some metalloproteins and nucleic acids, loosely bound to some metallothioneins or even as free ion. Small amounts of zinc ions (in the nanomolar range) regulate a plentitude of enzymatic proteins, receptors and transcription factors, thus rolls need accurate homeostasis of zinc ions. Zinc is an essential catalytic or structural element of many proteins, and a signaling messenger that is released by neural activity at many central excitatory synapses. Growing evidences suggest that zinc may also be a key mediator and modulator of the neuronal death associated with transient global ischemia and sustained seizures, as well as perhaps other neurological disease stoles. Some neurons have developed mechanisms to accumulate zinc in specific membrane compartment ('vesicular zinc') which can be evidenced using histochemical techniques. Substances giving a bright colour or emitting fluorescence when in contact with divalent metal ions are currently used to detect them inside cells; their use leads to the so called 'direct' methods. The fixation and precipitation of metal ions as insoluble salt precipitates, their maintenance along the histological process and, finally, their demonstration after autometallographic development are essential steps for other methods, the so called 'indirect methods'. This study is a short report on the autometallograhical approaches for zinc detection in the central nervous system (CNS) by means of a modified selenium method.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.218-226
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to compare fluoride release and surface changes according to different orthodontic bracket adhesives the application of fluoride products. We used non-fluoridated composite resin Transbond fluoridated composite resins Blugloo and LightBond, resin-modified glass ionomer Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting 2, and conventional glass ionomer Fuji $I^{(R)}$. Fluoride release of five orthodontic bracket adhesives and fluoride release ability after application of three fluoride products (1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel, Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$, Fluor Protector, and a toothbrush with sodium fluoride-containing toothpaste) were measured using a fluoride electrode that was connected to an ion analyzer. After 4 weeks of fluoride application, the surface roughness and surface morphology were examined using a surface roughness tester and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The amounts of fluoride release were observed not only on application of Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$ and Fluor Protector on resin-modified glass ionomer Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting 2 and Fuji $I^{(R)}$, but also during tooth brushing using fluoride-containing toothpaste. After application of Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$, except Transbond XT, the surface roughness increased, and all orthodontic adhesives showed a partial drop of micro-particle filler. On application of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel on all orthodontic bracket adhesives, their surface roughness increased. To bond the orthodontic bracket, resin-modified glass ionomer Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting 2 and Fuji $I^{(R)}$ adhesives are highly recommended if the amount of fluoride release is considered to confer a preventative effect on dental caries, and among the fluoride products, Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$ and Fluor Protector are better than 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel, and these are expected to prevent dental caries even during tooth brushing with fluoride-containing toothpaste.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.462-468
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• 2010

Top parts of $Dendranthema$ $zawaskii$ var. $yezoense$ (DZY) and $Cosmos$ $bipinnatus$ (CB) are believed to contain substances with antioxidant effects and activity. Present experiments were undertaken to investigate an adequate and efficient extraction method which ensures the highest yield of antioxidant components. Extraction yield was 1.11-1.92 times higher by ultrasonic method than other methods in both species. By 45 minute ultrasonic extraction, total polyphenol contents reached the highest level, $80.70mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ tannic acid equiv./DW in $Cosmos$ $bipinnatus$ and total flavonoid contents $50.41mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ naringin equiv./DW in DZY. DPPH radical scavenging activity was almost the same among extraction methods or slightly higher in reflux extraction. The highest DPPH radical scavenging was observed by reflux extract in CB ($RC_{50}=0.135mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). ABTS radical scavenging activity was the highest by 15 minute ultrasonic wave in DZY and CB, $RC_{50}=0.159mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ and $RC_{50}=0.139mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, respectively. High ferrous ion chelating effects were obtained by 30-minute ultrasonic wave in DZY ($RC_{50}=0.803mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). Extracts of top parts of DZY obtained by reflux method showed the highest inhibition effect against peroxidation of linoleic acid, and extract of CB obtained by ultrasonic for 45 minutes showed the highest inhibition effect. In conclusion, optimum extraction method should be adjusted according to plant species and antioxidant substances.