• Mycobiology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2004

Pseudomonas fluorescens 1-94 induced systemic resistance in chickpea against Fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri by the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds, phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL) and pathogenesis related(PR) proteins(chitinase, $\beta$-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase). Time-course accumulation of these enzymes in chickpea plants inoculated with P. fluorescens was significantly(LSD, P=0.05) higher than control. Maximum activities of PR-proteins were recorded at 3 days after inoculation in all induced plants; thereafter, the activity decreased progressively. Five PR peroxidases detected in induced chickpea plants. Molecular mass of these purified peroxidases was 20, 29, 43, 66 and 97 kDa. Purified peroxidases showed antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.413-419
• /
• 2008

Phenolics level, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant were determined from the methanol extracts of the eight medicinal plants using roots. Total phenolics were found as the highest levels in the methanol extracts of Arctium lappa, and followed by Youngia sonchifolia and Cirsium japonicum. Total amount of the each phenol compounds were detected in C. japonicum extracts ($319.2\;mg\;kg^{-1}$) as the greatest component, and followed by A. lappa ($96.3\;mg\;kg^{-1}$) and Y. sonchifolia ($22.9\;mg\;kg^{-1}$). Total flavonoid content showed the highest amount in methanol extracts from A. lappa (68.1 mg $100\;g^{-1}$) and followed by Y. sonchifolia (11.2 mg $100\;g^{-1}$) Lycoris radiate extracts (87.2%) had the highest nitrite scavenging activity and followed by A. lappa (81.5%) and Y. sonchifolia (77.5%). Methanol extracts of A. lappa at 25 mg $100\;g^{-1}$ exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity by 90.8%, even though less activity than synthetic antioxidants Vitamin C or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Level of polyphenols was highly correlated with anti oxidative activity ($r^2$ = 0.85). The results suggest that several medicinal plants selected had the potent biological activities, and that their activities were differential depending on plant species.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2000

To understand the signal transduction pathway that leads to the activation of the wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor II (pin2) promoter. $F_2$ progenies of wound (-) mutant crossed with wild-type Arabidopsis plants were biochemically and genetically characterized. Wound (-) mutant was derived from transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing bacterial cytosine deaminase gene under the control of pin2 promoter. The cytosine deaminase assays indicated that wound (-) mutant is a dominant inhibitor of wound-inducibility as only 3 of the $20F_2$ progenies showed cytosine deaminase (CDase) activity, To construct a structural map of the wound (-) mutant chromosomal regions, cleaved, amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) markers that cover all Chromosomes were used. Chromosomal regions covered by three different CAPS markers could be candidates for further fine mapping of the location of the wound (-) mutation. g4026, RGA1 and ASA1 located at 84.9 on recombinant inbred (RI) map of chromosome I, at 1.75 on RI map of chromosome II, and 18.35 on RI map of chromosome V, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 1989

Plants were exposed to different sub-optimal growth temperature regimes for hardening or sprayed with abscisic acid (ABA) before being placed at $10^{\circ}C$ for three days. Comparisons were made with non-treated plants for plant survival, photosynthetic activities and fatty acids composition of phospholipids. The level of endogenous ABA of the hardened seedlings was compared with that in control and ABA sprayed-seedlings. The results of the above experiment were summarized as follows: 1. Compared to non-treated plants, the hardening and ABA treatment resulted in higher plant survival rate and better seedling growth following earlier transplanting. The low temperature hardening which gradually increased the duration of the low temperature treatment at 2-day intervals was more effective than the controled temperature hardening which gradually decreased the temperature from $25^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. 2. The photosynthetic activities of rice leaves after 3-day exposure to $10^{\circ}C$ were higher in hardened and ABA sprayed seedlings than in non-treated plants. The root activities after low temperature treatment were also higher in hardened and ABA sprayed seedlings than in control. 3. Fatty acids of phospholipids in rice plants such as stearic acid and oleic acid were decreased and the highly unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and lenolenic acid were increased by hardening or ABA treatments. It is assumed that the increase of cold tolerance in these plants was due to the higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. Respectively, the ratio was 1.86, 1.97 and 1.80 in plants given controled temperature hardening, the low temperature hardening and ABA treatments. While in control plants, it was 1.17. 4. ABA content in rice seedling given the low temperature hardening treatment was 67.2 ng/g F.W which was approximately twice that of non-treated control, which was 33.9 ng/f F. W., in contrast, the ABA content of the ABA treated seedlings was 91.7 ng/g F. W.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.38 no.2 s.149
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 2007

The extraction yield of the methanolic extracts and 19${\alpha}$-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid (19${\alpha}$-HUT) fraction were investigated in the unripe and ripe fruits and the leaves of the four Rubus plants (Rubus coreanus, R. crataegifolius, R. phoenicolasius, R. pungens var. oldhami) to develop the biomaterial 19${\alpha}$-HUT mixture as functional foods. Thin layer chromatogaphy-Densitometer (TLC-DM) was used to analyze the individual quantity of 19${\alpha}$-HUTs using standard compounds (euscaphic acid, tormentic acid, 23-hydroxytormentic acid, kaji-ichigoside F$_1$, rosamultin, niga-ichigoside F$_1$). The content of methanolic extract of the fruits were higher in the ripe stage than in the unripe stage whereas the content of 19${\alpha}$-HUT mixture varied with each Rubus species. The Rubus plants containing the highest amount of 19${\alpha}$-HUTs in the leaves were R. coreanus, R. phoenicolasius and R. pungens var. oldhami while only R. cratagefolius showed the highest content in the ripe fruits. The mean of total genin content of 19${\alpha}$-HUTs was 0.94 mg/g; that of the glycosides was 0.60 mg/g. The genin quantity was found in the order of 23-hydroxytormentic acid> euscaphic acid> tormentic acid; the glycoside was observed in the order of niga-ichig-oside F$_1$> kaji-ichigoside F$_1$> rosmaultin, by which the biosynthetic pathway of 23-hydroxytormentic acid and its glucoside niga-ichigoside F$_1$ via the intermediates tormentic acid and/or rosamultin was presumed. It is also suggested that the ripe fruits of R. crataegifolius will be desirable to use as functional foods rather than unripe fruits.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.109-133
• /
• 2022

We investigated the flora of Gwanmae island and discussed important vascular plants found on the island. We made plant list using voucher specimens collected from Gwanmae island from 2016 to 2021 and deposited in CNU. There are 500 taxa in Gwanmae island, comprising 103 families, 307 genera, 461 species, 4 subspecies, 32 varieties and 3 forms. Eight endemic plants of Korea were found including Saussurea polylepis Nakai. There are 15 red list plants designated by Ministry of Environment including Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium (Makino) Garay and Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm. There are total 126 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants including 4 taxa of level V such as Juniperus procumbens (Siebold ex Endl.) Miq., 4 taxa of level IV such as Wisteria japonica Siebold & Zucc., 45 taxa of level III such as Rubus trifidus Thunb., 16 taxa of level II such as Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt and 56 taxa of level I such as Carpesium glossophyllum Maxim. There are 32 invasive plants including Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.6-14
• /
• 2007

Root and basal stem rot disease occurred on moth orchid (Phalaenopsis spp.), Pung-nan (Neofinetia falcata) and Nadopung-nan (Aerides japonicum) grown in the farmers' greenhouses located in Namyangju Kyonggi province, Korea during 2005 to 2006. Wilting symptoms occurred on these orchard plants at initial stage and the infected plant leaves turned yellow to red. The discolored leaves were fallen down to lead to eventual death of the entire plant. A total of 59 isolates of Fusarium spp. was obtained from roots and leaf bases of the diseased plants. The cultural and morphological characteristics of isolated Fusairum spp. were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani. F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum were isolated from all these orchard plants but F. solani was isolated only from Phalaenopsis spp. Pathogenicity of the three Fusarium spp. was confirmed by artificial inoculation. Although F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani cusing root rot disease in Phalaenopsis spp. have been reported in Korea, the pathogens in N. falcata and A. japonicum were not reported yet. Therefore, this is the first report on the root and stem rot of N. falcata and A. japonicum caused by F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum in Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.347-356
• /
• 2008

Forest-grown American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is exposed to daily and seasonal light variations. Our goal was to determine the effect of understory light changes on the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, expressed as $F_v/F_m$, and photosynthetic pigment composition of two-year-old plants. Understory light photon flux density and sunfleck durations were characterized using hemispherical canopy photography. Our results showed that understory light significantly affected the $F_v/F_m$ of American ginseng, especially during the initial development of the plants when light levels were the highest, averaging 28 mol $m^{-2}d^{-1}$. Associated with low $F_v/F_m$ during its initial development, American ginseng had the lowest levels of epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle of the season, suggesting an active dissipation of excess light energy absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments. As photon flux density decreased after the deployment of the forest canopy to less than 10 mol $m^{-2}d^{-1}$, chlorophyll a/b decreased suggesting a greater investment in light harvesting pigments to reaction centers in order to absorb the fleeting light energy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2017

Our aim was to find the effective duration and culture conditions for microspore culture in a genetically variant cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. var. capitata). We discovered that the '$2{\times}NLN$ medium containing $AgNO_3$ 1 mg/l, sucrose 13%' was most efficient in producing the cabbage embryos. The number of induced embryos was higher in $F_2$ or $F_3$ progeny generation than the $F_1$ hybrid cultivar used as plant materials. Thus, we recommend microspore culturing using progeny plants of failed $F_1$ cultivar. The acquisition ratio of embryos and plants derived from microspore was higher in the early flowering period as compared to the late flowering period. When transplanted in the soil, 71.2% plants developed from the early flowering period, compared to 27.0% from the middle period and 1.8% plants from the late period. Thus, we recommend microspore culture using buds collected during the early flowering period.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.04a
• /
• pp.121-121
• /
• 2019

In Islamic dietary guidelines, Halal foods are allowed as edible blessed food. Most foods were categorized within halal for Muslims. The main point of Halal food is that foods are clean in every process and based on Halal standard which might be different in each country. Most pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells synthetize, store, and release insulin. Specific molecular, functional as well as ultrastructural traits of pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells could control their insulin secretion properties and survival phentoype. Insulin-secreting pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells are essential regulators of mammalian metabolism. In addition, the pancreatic ${\beta}$ cell plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes as improving glucose homeostasis by preserving, expanding and improving the function of this key cell type. However, the pharmacological effect of halal food has not been unclear yet, especially food habit-dependent diabetes. The aim of the this study was to determine the preventive effect of Iran plants extract (Almond, Garlic, Cumin, Ginkgo biloba, Holy basil, Psyllium, Satureja khuzistanica, Fenugreek, Green tea, Ipomoea betatas, Blueberry) on RINm5F cells and MIN6 cells as pancreatic ${\beta}$ cell line. The cytotoxicity of the extracts of Iran plants on RINm5F cells and MIN6 cells were measured by using MTT assays. The preventive effects of Iran plant extracts were measured by WST-8 cell proliferation assay on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cell death in MIN6 cells. In presented result showed that all extract of Iran plants (0.01-10mg/ml) did not show cytotoxicity in RINm5F cells and MIN6 cells. Among non-cytotoxic extract, the protective effects could be detect in high dose concentration. These results suggest that the extract of Iran plants may serve as a potential therapy for diabetes.