• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 1990

Germination and vegetative growth of Enteromorpha multiramosa Bliding from Pyoson, Cheju Island were investigated in laboratory under various combinations of temperature (5-$25^{\circ}C$) and salinity (8-48$^{\circ}C$). Percent level of germination was relatively high at all combinations of the two factors. The highest value among the combinations was revealed at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 32$\textperthousand$. Dry weight also was fairly high at all levels of combination with maximum value at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 32$\textperthousand$. Analysis of variance for germination and growth was completed respectively and polynomial prediction models were constructed. F ratio revealed that all factors had a significant effect (p<0.001) on percentage of germination and dry weight, and their interactions also were significant (p<0.001), although the F ratio of interactions was far less than that for either the separate effect of temperature or salinity. Response surface of polynomial equation represented that temperature influenced less than salinity on germination, while it effected remarkably on vegetative growth, so the Enteromorpha multiramosa was kept to visible macrothalli from winter to spring in Cheju Island.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.135-163
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• 2010

Motivated by [Science in China (Ser. A Mathematics) 36 (2006), no. 7, 721?732], this article deals with the following discrete type BVP $\LARGE\left\{{{\;{\Delta}[{\phi}({\Delta}x(n))]\;+\;f(n,\;x(n\;+\;1),{\Delta}x(n),{\Delta}x(n + 1))\;=\;0,\;n\;{\in}\;[0,N],}}\\{\;{x(0)-{\sum}^m_{i=1}{\alpha}_ix(n_i) = A,}}\\{\;{x(N+2)-\;{\sum}^m_{i=1}{\beta}_ix(n_i)\;=\;B.}}\right.$ The sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of at least three positive solutions of the above multi-point boundary value problem are established by using a new fixed point theorem obtained in [5]. An example is presented to illustrate the main result. It is the purpose of this paper to show that the approach to get positive solutions of BVPs by using multifixed-point theorems can be extended to treat nonhomogeneous BVPs. The emphasis is put on the nonlinear term f involved with the first order delta operator ${\Delta}$x(n).

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2023

PET/CT에서 ¹⁸F-FDG의 주사용량은 SUV(Standard Uptake Value)에 직접적인 영향을 끼쳐 판독결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 정확한 ¹⁸F-FDG의 dose 값을 주사하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 ¹⁸F-FDG 주사 시 플러싱 횟수에 따른 주사기와 혈관삽입기구의 잔류방사능간의 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 실험장비는 CRC-25R 검량계, 3WAY line과 needle, 3 cc 주사기 및 50 cc 생리식염수를 사용하였고 결과값을 SP SS 21 Statics로 통계 분석하였다. 그 결과, 주사기와 혈관삽입기구의 총 잔류 방사능은 2회 플러싱 시 5.84 % 로 가장 높았고 5회 플러싱 시 1.49 % 로 가장 낮게 잔류하였다. 상관관계분석결과, 플러싱 횟수는 주사기의 잔류방사능과 -0.436, 혈관삽입기구와 - 0.300으로 음(-)의 상관관계를 보였다. 플러싱횟수에 따른 주사기, 혈관확보기구의 잔류 방사능 평균값을 일원배치 분산분석(One way - ANOVA)를 실시한 결과, 주사기의 잔류방사능은 4회부터 유의미한 감소를 보였고, 혈관확보기구의 잔류방사능은 5회부터 유의미한 감소를 보였다. 그러나 혈관확보기구의 평균 잔류방사능이 총 잔류방사능의 0.8 %라는 점을 고려할 때, 4회의 플러싱횟수가 가장 합리적으로 보인다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 1978

I have studied on the dental caries incidence of 172 poliomyelitis children who are housed in rehabilitation hospital age from 3 to 13 years compared to a group of normal children. The results were as follows; 1. def rate of the poliomyelitis children was 68.63% (male 66.67%, female 71.43%) and was low value compare with that of control group of 78.64% (M 75.93%, F81.63%). 2. def index per person of poliomyelitis children was 2.37 (M 2.00, F 2.91) and was low in number compare with that of 3.29 (M 3.33, F 3.24) in control group children. 3. DMF rate of the poliomyelitis children was 59.41% (M 54.55%, F 62.79%) and was higher value than that of 48.28% (M 37.88%, F 59.96%) in control group. 4. DMF incidence per person in poliomyelitis was 1.62 (M1.48, F1.89) and was also higher in number than that of 1. 220 (M 0.85, F 1.49) in control group. 5. The dental caries incidence was higher in female than in male.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1993

화학양론적 조성을 갖는 Ni-Zn ferrite에서 Ni/Zn 비의 변화에 따른 전파흡수체의 성능 평가 지수, 정합주파수 및 정합두께와 자기적인 변수와의 상관관계를 조사하였다. Ni/Zn 비가 감소 할수록 ${\mu}_{r}$의 최대치는 저주파수 영역으로 이동하며 Ni/Zn 비가 1.0인 경우 ${\mu}_{r}$의 값은 다른 조성에 비해 높은 값을 가짐을 확인할 수 있었다. Ni/Zn ferrite 복합제는 1-12 GHz 영역에서 2개의 정합주파수($f_{m1}$, $f_{m2}$)및 정합두께 ($d_{m1}$, $d_{m2}$)가 존재하며 $f_{m1}$은 $f_{r}$(공명주파수)과 비례하며 $f_{m2}$는 포화자화값에 비례함을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4418-4424
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• 2011

양전자방출 방사성동위원소를 주입한 팬텀에서 방출되는 511keV 에너지의 감마선이 X-선 CT영상에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고자 한다. 스캔방법은 증류수를 주입(0 mCi)한 기준영상과 양전자 방출핵종인 $^{18}F$(Fluorine) 의 용량을 1 mCi, 2 mCi, 5 mCi, 10 mCi로 변화시켜 획득된 영상의 CT 번호와 픽셀값을 측정하였다. 양전자 방출핵종($^{18}F$)을 주입한 팬텀 영상의 CT 번호(HU) 측정 결과, 기준물($-7.58{\pm}0.66$ HU), 1 mCi($-9.85{\pm}0.50$ HU), 2 mCi($-10.27{\pm}0.21$ HU), 5 mCi($-11.31{\pm}0.66$ HU), 10 mCi($-13.47{\pm}0.38$ HU)로 물을 채운 기준 영상과 비교하여 10 mCi에서는 5.89 HU, 5 mCi에서는 3.73 HU, 2 mCi에서는 2.69 HU, 1 mCi에서는 2 HU가 감소하였다. 팬텀 영상의 픽셀 값은 기준물($-2.70{\pm}0.75$), 1 mCi($-4.72{\pm}0.58$), 2 mCi($-6.01{\pm}0.78$), 5 mCi($-6.10{\pm}0.84$), 10 mCi($-8.20{\pm}0.60$)로 기준물영상과 비교한 픽셀 값의 변화는 10 mCi에서는 5.50, 5 mCi에서는 3.40, 2 mCi에서는 3.10, 1 mCi 에서는 2.02가 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험을 통해 양전자 방출핵종($^{18}F$)의 용량(Dose) 증가에 따라 CT번호와 영상의 픽셀 값은 비례적으로 감소하였으며 감소폭 또한 비슷한 값을 나타냈다. 이에 PET/CT의 정도관리 항목에 양전자 방출핵종으로 인한 X선 CT 영상의 변화 정도와 그에 따른 적합기준을 마련하고 주기적 관리가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2017

Color rendering index (CRI) and luminous efficacy (LE) are two key performance factors of white LEDs (WLED). While most recent works in optics focus on methodology to improve these factors, little attention has been dedicated to chemical composition of materials. This paper studies the effect of $Sr_{2.4}1F_{2.59}B_{20.03}O_{74.8}:Eu_{0.12},Sm_{0.048}$ phosphor (SrSm), in terms of concentration and particle size on CRI and LE of 8500 K - WLEDs. Importantly, the molar mass of the componential ions in SrSm are calculated to shed light on the connection between the chemical composition of the material of interest and the performance of WLEDs. Results show that CRI can be improved to a value of around 86 by boosting red-light components in WLEDs, for all 3 major configurations: conformal, in-cup, and remote phosphor. CRI value tends to decrease with larger size of particles, while LE value goes in the reverse direction. On the other hand, both CRI and LE appear to be reduced at higher concentration of SrSm. This light attenuation is analyzed by using the Lambert-Beer law and Mie-scattering theory.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2002

Photochromic lens의 광감성 평가 방법을 만들고, 이를 적용시키기 위하여 Photochromic lens에 UV light source을 조사하였다. UV light 광원을 조사 전과 후의 darkening과 fading 상태의 transmittance(T%)의 파장 의존성을 spectrophotometer, light source, power meter, detecter로 구성된 광학적 장치로 측정한다. 조사 직전의 최대 $T%{\times}{\lambda}$ 면적과 saturated state면적의 상대적 비율을 이용한다. Photochromic lens에서 조사시간 의존성의 평가는 darkening 효율도 ($K_d$)값 ($(1-C_1/A_1)/t_{on}$과 fading 효율도($K_f$)값 ($(C_2/A_2)/t_{on}$을 도입하였다. Darkening과 fading 상태에서 transmittance(T%)의 파장의존성은 $T_m+T_1{\exp}[-(x_0-t)/a]$의 형태를 갖는다. Photochromic lens에서 광감성의 평가 parameter Z, $K_d$, $K_f$를 적용한 결과 각 평가 지수 값을 얻을 수 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2018

$^{18}F$-fludeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) can help finding an abnormal metabolic activity in brain. In this study, we evaluated an efficiency of volume- and cortical surface-based analysis which were used to determine whether standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) of FDG-PET was different among Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy control (HC). Each PET image was rigidly co-registered to the corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using mutual information. All voxels of the co-registered PET images were divided by the mean FDG uptake of the cerebellum cortex which was thresholded by partial volume effect (>0.9). Also, the SUVR value of each vertex was linearly interpolated from volumetric SUVR image which was thresholded by gray matter partial volume effect (>0.1). Lobar mean values were calculated from both volume- and cortical surface-based SUVRs. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare two measures for AD, MCI and HC groups. Even though the results of volume (SUVR_vol) and cortical surface-based SUVR (SUVR_surf) analysis were not significantly different from each other, the latter would be better for detecting group differences in SUVR of PET.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2023

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by damage to brain neurons related to dopamine. Non-clinical animal models mainly used in Parkinson's disease research include drug-induced models of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 6-hydroxydopamine, and genetically modified transgenic animal models. Parkinson's diagnosis can be made using brain imaging of the substantia nigra-striatal dopamine system and using a radiotracer that specifically binds to the dopamine transporter. In this study, ¹⁸F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane was used to confirm the image evaluation cutoff between normal and parkinson's disease models, and to confirm model persistence over time. In addition, the efficacy of single or combined administration of clinically used therapeutic drugs in parkinson's animal models was evaluated. Image analysis was performed using the PMOD software. Converted to standardized uptake value, and analyzed by standardized uptake value ratio by dividing the average value of left striatum by the average value of right striatum obtained by applying positron emission tomography images to the atlas magnetic resonance template. The image cutoff of the normal and the parkinson's disease model was calculated as SUVR=0.829, and it was confirmed that it was maintained during the test period. In the three-drug combination administration group, the right and left striatum showed a high symmetry of more than 0.942 on average and recovered significantly. Images using ¹⁸F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane are thought to be able to diagnose and evaluate treatment efficacy of non-clinical Parkinson's disease.