• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3795-3802
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• 2012

Cochinchina momordica seeds (CMS) have been widely used due to antitumor activity by Mongolian tribes of China. However, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we found that an EtOAc (ethyl ester) extract of CMS (CMSEE) induced differentiation and caused growth inhibition of melanoma B16 F1 cells. CMSEE at the concentration of $5-200{\mu}g/ml$ exhibited strongest anti-proliferative effects on B16 F1 cells among other CMS fractions (water or petroleum ether). Moreover, CMSEE induced melanoma B16 F1 cell differentiation, characterized by dendrite-like outgrowth, increasing melanogenesis production, as well as enhancing tyrosinase activity. Western blot analysis showed that sustained phosphorylation of p38 MAP accompanied by decrease in ERK1/2 and JNK dephosphorylation were involved in CMSEE-induced B16 F1 cell differentiation. Notably, 6 compounds that were isolated and identified may be responsible for inducing differentiation of CMSEE. These results indicated that CMSEE contributes to the differentiation of B16 F1 cells through modulating MAPKs activity, which may throw some light on the development of potentially therapeutic strategies for melanoma treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.683-686
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate clinical value of dual-phase $^{18}F$-FDG SPECT with serum procalcitonin (PCT) in identifying cancers in patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods: PCT test and dual-phase $^{18}F$-FDG SPECT were sequentially performed on 50 consecutive patients with FUO. Two radiologists evaluated all $^{18}F$-FDG SPECT data independently. A consensus was reached if any difference of opinions existed. Final diagnosis was based on a comprehensive analysis of results for the PCT test, dual-phase $^{18}F$-FDG SPECT and bacterial cultivation, regarded as a gold standard. Results: Among 50 patients, 34 demonstrated PCT ${\geq}0.5{\mu}g/L$. Coincidence imaging showed in 37 patients with inflammatory lesions, and 13 with malignancy. Finally, 36 bacterial, 1 fungal and 1 viral infections, as well as 12 cancerous fevers were confirmed by dual-phase $^{18}F$-FDG SPECT with PCT, combined with bacterial cultivation and clinical follow-up. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that dual-phase $^{18}F$-FDG SPECT in association with PCT could be a valuable tool for diagnosis in tumor patients with FUO.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제2집
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• pp.285-306
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• 2000

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Auffassung motiviert, dass es sich bei der deutschen $K\"{o}rpersprache$ in semiotischer Hinsicht um kommunikative Geste handelt. Die semio-syntaktischen, -semantischen und -pragmatischen Charakteristika dieser Geste wurden erortert. Insbesondere die ermittelten syntaktischen und semantischen Eigenschaften der $K\"{o}rpersprache\;sprechen\;f\"{u}r$ die Auffassung, dass sie in semio-syntaktischer, -semantischer und -pragmatischer Hinsicht mit Interjektionen $verkn\"{u}pfen\;k\"{o}nnen$. Beispielsweise wurde eine deutsche Geste 'Telefone handhaben' $angef\"{u}hrt$. Bei dieser Geste tritt eine deutsche vokalische Interjektion 'Klingeling' auf. Diese Geste stellt drei Ausdrucksvariationen(1- 3) und vier Bedeutungsvaritionen(A-D) dar: 1) Die Faust neben das Ohr halten, 2) Daumen neben das Ohr und Kleinfinger neb en den Mund halten und 3) Mit dem Zeigefinger var dem $K\"{o}rper$ frontal kreisen; A) Telefonieren thematisieren, B) Einen Telefonanruf aufforden, C) Zu einen Telefonanruf aufforden und D) Den Eingang eines Anrufs an zeigen. Mit Hilfe der semiotischen Gestenanalyse $k\"{o}nnen$ die deutschen $K\"{o}rpersprache$ mit Interjektionen alphabetisch geordnet werden, und die Gestenliste soll $f\"{u}r$ den DaF-Unterricht von Nutzen sein.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2014

Forty-eight Pelibuey${\times}$Katahdin male intact lambs ($23.87{\pm}2.84$ kg) were used in an 84-d feeding trial, with six pens per treatment in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design arrangement. The aim of the study was to evaluate the interaction of two dietary energy levels (3.05 and 2.83 Mcal/kg ME) and two dietary protein levels (17.5% and 14.5%) on growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass traits. The dietary treatments used were: i) High protein-high energy (HP-HE); ii) High protein-low energy (HP-LE); iii) Low protein-high energy (LP-HE), and iv) Low protein-low energy (LP-LE). With a high-energy level, dry matter intake (DMI) values were 6.1% lower in the low-protein diets, while with low-energy, the DMI values did not differ between the dietary protein levels. Energy levels did not influence the final weight and average daily gain (ADG), but resulted in lower DMI values and higher gain efficiencies. No effects of protein level were detected on growth performance. The observed dietary net energy (NE) ratio and observed DMI were closer than expected in all treatments and were not affected by the different treatments. There was an interaction (p<0.03) between energy and protein level for kidney-pelvic and heart fat (KPH), KPH was higher in lambs fed high energy and high protein diet but not in high energy and low protein diet. The KPH was increased (20.2%, p = 0.01) in high-energy diets, while fat thickness was increased (21.7%, p = 0.02) in high-protein diets. Therefore, it is concluded that dietary energy levels play a more important role in feed efficiency than protein levels in finishing lambs with a high-energy diet (>2.80 Mcal/kg ME). Providing a level of protein above 14.5% does not improves growth-performance, dietary energetics or carcass dressing percentage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2019

Objective: We compare the effects of three different approved sources of supplemental zilpaterol on growth-performance responses and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. Methods: Twenty four Pelibuey${\times}$Katahdin lambs ($46.75{\pm}2.43kg$) were used in a 33-day feeding trial. Lambs were fed a dry rolled corn-based finishing diet. Treatments consisted of the non-supplemental basal diet (Control) versus the basal diet supplemented with 125 mg zilpaterol/kg of diet (as fed basis) from three commercial sources marketed in Mexico: Zilmax (ZIL), Grofactor, and Zipamix. Results: Compared to controls, zilpaterol (ZH) supplementation did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), but increased carcass adjusted daily weight gain (ADG, 36.7%), gain efficiency (34.2%), and dietary net energy (26.0%), and decreased (23.4%) the ratio of observed:expected DMI. Compared to controls, supplemental ZH increased hot carcass weight (6.4%), dressing percentage (3.2%), m. longissimus thoracis (LM) area (15.6%), and shoulder muscle:fat ratio (28.7%), but decreased kidney-pelvic-heart fat, and fat thickness. Supplemental ZH increased 10.9% and 14.3% whole cut weight of loin and leg, respectively, and the proportion (as percentage of cold carcass weight) of leg (4.3%). These increases were reflected in greater forequarter and hindquarter weights. Lambs fed ZH increased (4.6%) empty body weight (EBW) and reduced (14.7%) liver/spleen weight (as g/kg EBW). Likewise, ZH supplementation tended (p = 0.08) to lower (8.9%) visceral fat. Growth performance, energetic efficiency, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, LM area and whole cuts were not different across supplemental ZH sources. However, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreased carcass fat distribution, including fat thickness, percentage kidney pelvic and heart fat, shoulder fat, and visceral fat. Conclusion: Supplemental ZH increases ADG, gain efficiency, carcass dressing percentage, and LM area. The magnitude of these responses was similar among ZH sources. Nevertheless, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreases carcass fat. The basis for this is uncertain, but indicative that some practical differences in zilpaterol bio-equivalency may exist across commercial sources tested.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2007

To demonstrate anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the 19${\alpha}$-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid (19${\alpha}$-HUT)-rich fraction, this fraction was prepared from the extract of Rubus crataegifolius leaves. This fraction was found to have anti-hyperlipidemic effect in a high fat diet-induced rat model from the observation of reduction of abdominal fat pad weights, atherogenic index and hypercholesterolemia at 30 and 60 mg/kg (p.o.) The 19${\alpha}$-HUT fraction was subjected to SiO$_2$, ODS, and/or Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to yield a new triterpenoid (1) called pomolic acid ester along with nine known triterpenoids which are all 19${\alpha}$-HUTs: euscaphic acid (2), tormentic acid (3), 23-hydroxytormentic acid (4), kaji-ichigoside F$_1$ (5), rosamultin (6), niga-ichigosides F$_1$ (7) and F$_2$ (8), suavissimoside F$_1$ (9) and coreanoside F$_1$ (10). The structure of compound 1 was established as 28-O-formyl-3,19-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid on the basis of 2D-NMR spectroscopic data and mass spectrum. Compound 1 was isolated for the first time from natural sources.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

장시간 운전을 하는 동안 운전자는 외부상황을 계속해서 주시하고 경계하게 하므로 운전자에게는 정신적 부하로 작용하게 되며 이로 인해 발생하는 운전피로는 자동차 사고의 원인이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 심박변동신호를 분석하여 운전시간의 증가에 따른 발생하는 운전피로도를 알아보았다. 심박변동신호의 분석방법에는 이전 연구들에서 널리 사용되어져 왔던 선형분석방법들과 함께 ApEn, Poincare Plot등을 이용한 비선형 분석방법들을 이용하였다. 3년 이상의 운전경력을 가진 5명의 실험자가 참가하였으며 모든 실험자는 4대의 승용차를 2번씩 운전하여 총 40회의 실험을 실시하였다. 운전구간은 고속도로 300km구간을 왕복해서 주행하도록 하였으며 약 3시간 정도가 소요되었다. 운전하는 동안 30분 간격으로 심전도 데이터를 측정하였다. 측정된 심전도 신호로부터 유도된 심박변동신호(HRV : heart rate variability)로부터 시간영역 변수, 주파수 영역변수, 비선형 특성 등을 구한다음, 안정 상태의 데이터라 비교하여 통계석 유의성을 살펴보았다. 분석결과 시간영역의 변수인 평균심박동수는 운전시간의 증가에 따라 계속적으로 감소하였으며 심박동율의 표준편차와 연속적인 RR간격의 차이는 90분 이후로는 일정 수준을 유지하였다. 주파수 영역에서 구한 L $F_{norm}$, LF/HF는 운전시간에 따라 증가함을 보였다. 비선형 특성을 알아보기 위해서 ApEn, Poincare plot을 이용하였는데 모두 시간에 따라 감소함을 나타내었다. 대부분의 변수에서 통계적 유의성은 1시간 이후부터 나타남을 볼 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1396-1404
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• 2017

Objective: This study was determined the influence of virginiamycin supplementation on growth-performance and characteristics of digestion of cattle with decreasing dietary net energy value of the diet for maintenance ($NE_m$) from 2.22 to 2.10 Mcal/kg. Methods: Eighty crossbred beef steers ($298.2{\pm}6.3kg$) were used in a 152-d performance evaluation consisting of a 28-d adaptation period followed by a 124-d growing-finishing period. During the 124-d period steers were fed either a lesser energy dense (LED, $2.10Mcal/kg\;NE_m$) or higher energy dense (HED, $2.22Mcal/kg\;NE_m$) diet. Diets were fed with or without 28 mg/kg (dry matter [DM] basis) virginiamycin in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Four Holstein steers ($170.4{\pm}5.6kg$) with cannulas in the rumen (3.8 cm internal diameter) and proximal duodenum were used in $4{\times}4$ Latin square experiment to study treatment effects on characteristics of digestion. Results: Neither diet energy density nor virginiamycin affected average daily gain (p>0.10). As expected, dry matter intake and gain efficiency were greater (p<0.01) for LED- than for HED-fed steers. Virginiamycin did not affect estimated net energy value of the LED diet. Virginiamycin increased estimated NE of the HED diet. During daylight hours when the temperature humidity index averaged $81.3{\pm}2.7$, virginiamycin decreased (p<0.05) ruminal temperature. Virginiamycin did not influence (p>0.10) ruminal or total tract digestion. Ruminal (p = 0.02) and total tract digestion (p<0.01) of organic matter, and digestible energy (p<0.01) were greater for HED vs LED. Ruminal microbial efficiency was lower (p<0.01) for HED vs LED diets. Conclusion: The positive effect of virginiamycin on growth performance of cattle is due to increased efficiency of energy utilization, as effects of virginiamycin on characteristics of digestion were not appreciable. Under conditions of high ambient temperature virginiamycin may reduce body temperature.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 방사성 폐액내 포함된 방사성 핵종인 세슘-137(Cs-137) 및 스트론튬-90(Sr-90)의 친환경적인 제염을 위해 미세조류의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. Cs-137 및 Sr-90이 각각 함유된 일원계 표준 방사성 용액과 3차 증류수를 희석하여 1.5 Bq/mL Cs-137, 1.0 Bq/mL Sr-90 농도로 제조한 뒤 실험에 사용하였다. 미세조류는 2종을 사용했으며, Sr-90 제염에는 Chlorella Vulgaris를 사용하였고, Cs-137 제염에는 Hematococcus pluvialis를 사용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 방법은 2주 간 배양된 미세조류를 반투과막이 부착된 병에 투입한 뒤, 미세조류가 투입된 병을 제조된 방사성 용액에 투입하여, 반투과막을 통해 미세조류와 방사성 용액이 48 시간 동안 반응하도록 하였다. 각 시료에 대한 방사능 농도 분석은 γ선 동위원소인 Cs-137은 감마선 핵종 분석기를 사용하였고, β선 동위원소인 Sr-90은 액체섬광계수기(LSC: Liquid Scintillation Count)를 사용하였다. 실험 결과, Cs-137은 약 88.0 %, Sr-90은 약 89.7 % 제염이 가능함을 확인하였으며, Sr-90은 2단 제염 방법에 의해 최종적으로 약 98.6 % 제염이 가능하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2007

Der Begriff des Todes $h{\ddot{a}}ngt$ die einzelne Wertvorstellung ab, so dass die Unanschaulichkeit des Todes besteht und noch zu $kl{\ddot{a}}ren$ ist. Im koreanischen Recht, findet sich keine Legaldefinition des Todes. In der juristischen Literatur herrscht der Herztod, nach dem $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den Todeszeitpunkt der irreversible und $vollst{\ddot{a}}ndige$ Stillstand der $Herzt\ddot{a}tigkeit$ gehalten wird, $herk{\ddot{o}}mmlicherweise$ bis jetzt als Todesdefinition vor. Der Herztod basiert darauf, dass Individualtod des Menschen durch den $endg{\ddot{u}}ltigen$, nicht behebbaren Stillstands von Herzschlag nach Ausfall von Atmung eingetreten sind. Auch der medizinische Laie kann den Herztod einfach wahrnehmen und sicher feststellen. Darauf folgt der Herztod als sicheres Todeszeichen angesehen wird. In der Regel trete der Herztod letzte Mal im $nat{\ddot{u}}rlichen$ Sterbeprozess ein. Die $j{\ddot{u}}ngste$ $k{\ddot{u}}nstlichen$ Reanimationsma ${\SS}nahmen$ $erm{\ddot{o}}glicht$ es, die Atmungs- und Kreislauffunktion $f{\ddot{u}}r$ eine begrenzte Zeit $k{\ddot{u}}nstlich$ aufrecht zu erhalten. Die Entwicklung der Medizin machte es zu erkennen, dass das "Zentralorgan Gehirn" $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die Aufrechterhaltung der biologischen Lebensfunktion des Gesamtorganismus unverzichtbar ist. Die Verbesserung von Transplantationstechniken gab $gro{\SS}en$ Anlass neben $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den verbesserten Reanimationstechniken auch $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den Fortschritt auf dem Gebiet der toten Transplantation. Je frischer die Organe sind, desto $gr\ddot{o}{\SS}er$ sind die Chancen $f{\ddot{u}}r$ eine erfolgreiche Verpflanzung und $f{\ddot{u}}r$ $T{\ddot{a}}tigkeit$ im $Empf{\ddot{a}}ngerorganismus$. Die Organentnahme als solche wird $unzul{\ddot{a}}ssig$ nur durch Feststellung des Herztod bei lebenswichtigen Organe, besonders wie Herz. Der Herzstillstand allein ist aber kein sicheres Kriterimn $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die $Zul{\ddot{a}}ssigkeit$ der Organentnahme. Im Korea wurde das Gesetz ${\ddot{u}}ber$ die Transplantation von Organen (Gesetz-Nummer 5858) am 8. Februar 1999 ${\ddot{o}}ffentlich$ bekannt gemacht l1nd trat am 9. Febrllar 2000 in Kraft(${\S}$ 1 Schussvorschriften kTPG). Aus der Sicht des Gesamthirntod definiert das Transplantationsgesetz derjenige, dass nach Kriterien und Nachweisverfahren $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Hirntodfeststellung dieses Gesetzes der irreversible Ausfall der Gesamthirnfunktion festgestellt wird, als Hirntoter (${\S}$ 3 Nr.4 kTPG). Mit dieser Regelung wird die Feststellung des Gesamthimtodes als gesetzliche Mindestvoraussetzung $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die Organentnahme festgelegt. Es handelt sich um Kriterien und Nachweisverfahren $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Hirntodfeststellung des koreanischen Transplantationsgesetzes.