• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2015

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Brunei Darussalam, accounting for almost 20% of the total. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the erbB family of tyrosine kinase receptor proteins, which includes c-erbb2(HER2/neu), erb-B3, and erb-B4. EGFR overexpression is found in a third of all epithelial cancers, often associated with a poor prognosis. Materials and Methods: Protein expression of EGFR in 27 cases of lung cancer tissue samples and 9 cases of normal lung tissue samples was evaluated using an immunohistochemical approach. Results: The results demonstrated significant increase and overexpression of EGFR in Bruneian lung cancer tissue samples in comparison to normal lung tissue. However, there was no significant relationship between clinicopathologic variables (age and sex) of patients and EGFR protein expression. Conclusions: EGFR is overexpressed in Bruneian lung cancer patient tissue samples in comparison to normal lung tissue samples. This may indicate that EGFR protein over expression plays an important role in the genesis of this type of cancer in Brunei Darussalam.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.86-86
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• 2003

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2007

Objective : Lots of papers have revealed that tumor growth related factors such as EGF, EGFR, c-erbB-2 play an important role in tumorigenesis and proliferation. These factors are found in most tumors of ectodermal origin. But, documentations of tumor growth related factors on salivary gland tumors were rare. Therefore, we determined expressions of tumor growth related factors; PCNA, p53, EGF, EGFR, cerbB2(HER-2), Maspin, DMBT-1, N-Ras in representative salivary gland tumors. Materials and methods : A few types of salivary tumors were examined by immunohistochemical assays. Each antibody was applied to specimens of tumors. Specimens were composed of 5 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 3 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 2 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and 2 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) from 12 patients. One specimen was selected randomly as negative control. For evaluation of staining intensity, each stained sample was divided into 5 grade; no staining, obscure, weak staining, moderate staining, strong staining. Results : Strong expressions of PCNA were found in all tumors except of PA. EGF was expressed strongly in SCC, ACC sequently. But in both PA and MEC, EGF expression was weak. EGFR and c-erbB-2 expression showed similar patterns in all salivary gland tumor tissues. P53 showed weak expression generally in all salivary gland tumors. DMBT-1 was expressed in SCC rather than in ACC or in MEC. N-Ras showed weak expressions in all salivary gland tumors except of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion : Taken together, tumor growth related factors were expressed in salivay tumors as well as mucosal squamous cell carcinoma. Especially EGFR and c-erbB-2 could be candidates as diagnostic markers for estimating clinical grade of salivary gland tumors. But further studies with reliable methods will be needed to confirm the results of this study.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

연구배경 및 목적 표피성장인자수용체(EGFR)는 HER2/neu(erbB2), HER3(erbB3), HER4(erbB4)를 포함하는 receptor tyrosine ki-nase의 erbB 그룹에 속하는 수용체이다. 표피성장인자수용체의 과발현은 다양한 종류의 암, 특히 두경부편평세포암에서 예후를 악화시킨다고 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 하인두편평세포암에서 표피성장인자수용체의 발현 및 분포를 확인하고, 하인두암에서 표피성장인자(EGF)가 암세포의 증식과 침습에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 57명의 하인두편평세포암 환자의 조직에서 표피성장인자수용체의 발현을 면역화학적염색을 통해 확인하고, 이에 대해 임상병리학적 요인과 생존율에 대한 분석을 시행하고, 일부 환자의 정상 및 암조직에서 Western blot을 시행하였다. 하인두편평세포암 세포주인 FaDu에서 proliferative assay, colony dispersion, wound healing assay, invasion assay를 시행하여, 하인두암의 진행에서 표피성장인자의 역할에 대하여 분석하였다. 또한 RT-PCR과 Zymography를 통하여 Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2, 9의 발현을 확인하였다. 결 과 63.2%의 하인두편평세포암 조직에서 표피성장인자수용체의 발현이 확인되었다. 표피성장인자수용체의 발현은 정상조직에서 비하여 하인두암 조직에서 유의하게 증가되어 있었으며, 병리학적 병기(p=0.022)가 올라갈수록 유의하게 증가하였으나, 증례수의 제한으로 생존율에서는 통계적 유의성을 얻지는 못했다(p=0.053). in vitro의 결과로 표피성장인자를 FaDu 세포주에 처리하였을 때, FaDu 세포주의 증식이 유의하게 증가되었으며(p<0.05), Transwell invasion chamber상 침습의 증가가 확인되었다(p<0.05). RT-PCR과 zymogram 실험상 표피성장인자처리시 FaDu 세포주의 MMP-2, 9이 발현이 증가되고 활성화되는 것이 확인하였다. 결 론 본 연구에서 표피성장인자수용체의 과발현이 하인두암의 예후 인자로서의 가능성을 확인하였고, 표피성장인자가 하인두편평세포암의 증식과 침습에 관여하는 것을 확인하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2021

ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) is a multifunctional protein associated with neural development. Loss of Ebp1 leads to upregulation of the gene silencing unit suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (Suv39H1)/DNA (cytosine 5)-methyltransferase (DNMT1). EBP1 directly binds to the promoter region of DNMT1, repressing DNA methylation, and hence, promoting neural development. In the current study, we showed that EBP1 suppresses histone methyltransferase activity of Suv39H1 by promoting ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-dependent degradation of Suv39H1. In addition, we showed that EBP1 directly interacts with Suv39H1, and this interaction is required for recruiting the E3 ligase MDM2 for Suv39H1 degradation. Thus, our findings suggest that EBP1 regulates UPS-dependent degradation of Suv39H1 to govern proper heterochromatin assembly during neural development.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.3.1-3.7
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• 2012

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family (ErbB1-4) of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). EGFR controls numerous physiological functions, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. Importantly, aberrant signaling by EGFR has been linked to human cancers in which EGFR and its various ligands are frequently overexpressed or mutated. EGFR coordinates activation of multiple downstream factors and is subject of various regulatory processes as it mediates biology of the cell it resides in. Therefore, many studies have been devoted to understanding EGFR biology and targeting the protein for the goal of controlling tumor in clinical settings. Endocytic regulation of EGFR offers a promising area for targeting EGFR activity. Upon ligand binding, the activated receptor undergoes endocytosis and becomes degraded in lysosome, thereby terminating the signal. En route to lysosome, the receptor becomes engaged in activating various signaling pathways including PI-3K, MAPK and Src, and endocytosis may offer both spatial and temporal regulation of downstream target activation. Therefore, endocytosis is an important regulator of EGFR signaling, and increasing emphasis is being placed on endocytosis in terms of cancer treatment and understanding of the disease. In this review, EGFR signaling pathway and its intricate regulation by endocytosis will be discussed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1196-1203
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• 2011

The reduced frequency selectivity is a typical phenomenon of sensorineural hearing loss. In this paper, we compared two modeling methods for reduced frequency selectivity of hearing impaired people. The two models of reduced frequency selectivity were made using LPC(linear prediction coding) algorithm and bandwidth control algorithm based on ERB(equivalent rectangular bandwidth) of auditory filter, respectively. To compare the effectiveness of two models, we compared the result of PESQ (perceptual evaluation of speech quality) and LLR(log likelihood ratio) using 36 Korean words of two syllables. To verify the effect on noise condition, we mixed white and babble noise with 0dB and -3dB SNR to speech words. As the result, it is confirmed that the PESQ score of bandwidth control algorithm is higher than the score of LPC algorithm, on the other hands, and the LLR score of LPC algorithm is lower than the score of bandwidth control algorithm. It means that both non-linearity and widen auditory filter characteristics caused by reduced frequency selectivity could be more reflected in bandwidth control algorithm than in LPC algorithm.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2009

목적: 원발성 위암 환자의 PET/CT 스캔에서 FDG 섭취에 영향을 주는 임상병리학적 및 면역조직화학적 지표들이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에 내원하여 수술 전 FDG PET/CT 스캔을 시행한 89명의 위암환자들을 대상으로 하였다. PET/CT 영상에서 원발 종양의 SUVmax를 구한 후 침범 깊이(T기),종양 크기, 림프절전이, 종양 분화, Lauren의 분류, Ki-67 지수, p53, EGFR, Cathepsin D, c-erb-B2. COX-2의 발현과 같은 임상병리학적 및 면역조직화학적 지표들과의 상관 관계를 분석하였다. 결과: 89예의 위암 중 19예에서는 PET/CT 영상에서 인지 가능한 FDG 섭취가 없었는데, 이 19예 중 16예는 원발 종양의 침범 깊이가 점막하 이내에 국한된 경우였다. 위암의 FDG섭취 정도는 T기가 T2 이상일 때가 T1일 때보다 유의하게 높았고($5.8{\pm}3.1$ vs. $3.7{\pm}2.1$, p=0.002), 위암의 크기가 3 cm 이상일 경우가 3 cm 미만일 경우보다 유의하게 높았다($5.7{\pm}3.2$ vs. $3.7{\pm}2.0$, p=0.002) Lauren의 분류에 따른 장형 위암에서 장형이 아닐 때보다 높은 SUVmax를 보였다($5.4{\pm}2.8$ vs. $3.7{\pm}1.3$, p=0.003). 원발 종양의 SUVmax는 p53 양성인 경우가 음성인 경우보다 의미 있게 높았다($6.0{\pm}2.8$ vs. $4.4{\pm}3.0$, p=0.035). 그 외 림프절 전이 유무, 종양 분화, Ki-67 지수, EGFR, Cathepsin D, c-erb-B2 그리고 COX-2 같은 다른 지표들은 원발성 위암의 SUVmax와 의미 있는 상관 관계가 없었다. 결론: 원발성 위암의 침범 깊이(T기)는 FDG PET/CT 스캔에서의 위암 발견율에 영향을 주었다. 위암이 PET/CT스캔에서 인지 가능한 FDG 섭취를 보일 경우 T기, 종양의 크기, Lauren의 분류에 따른 조직형, 그리고 p53의 발현 정도는 원발성 위암의 FDG 섭취와 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2009

The role that antioxidants play in the process of carcinogenesis has recently gained considerable attention. $\alpha$-Lipoic acid, a naturally occurring disulfide molecule, is a powerful antioxidant that reportedly exerts beneficial effects in patients with advanced cancer by reducing the level of reactive oxygen species and increasing glutathione peroxidase activity. In this study, we examined changes in the protein and mRNA expression associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cultured in the presence of various concentrations (0, 250, 500, and 1000 ${\mu}mol/L$) of $\alpha$-lipoic acid. The results revealed that $\alpha$-lipoic acid inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells in a dose-independent manner (P < 0.05). Additionally, $ErbB_2$ and $ErbB_3$ protein and mRNA expressions were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in response to $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the protein expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) levels and total Akt, and the mRNA expression of Akt were decreased dose-dependently in cells that were treated with $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expressions were also decreased in cells that were treated with $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). However, Bax protein and mRNA expressions were increased in cells treated with $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). Finally, caspase-3 activity was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in cells treated with $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that $\alpha$-lipoic acid inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.421-433
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate, first of all, it is necessary to understand the developmental mechanisms of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins in the tissues of cleft lip and palate. We have performed immunohistochemical studies on human cleft lip and palate tissues to elucidate the pathogenetic implications of cleft lip and palate. 16 specimens from postnatal human cleft lip and palate subjects and 17 specimens from autopsy of prenatal human cleft lip and palate were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin. The sections were routinely stained by hematoxylin and eosin, also stained by PAS, and followed by immunohistochemical stainings using the antiseras of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins such as PCNA, S-100, c-erb-B2, MMP-3, MMP-10, HSP-70, transglutaninase-C, E-cadherin, VEGF, vWF. Both the prenatal and postnatal specimens of cleft lip and palate showed dysplastic proliferation of the basal cell layer, increased infiltration of melanocytes into mucosal epithelium, sebaceous gland hyperplasia ingrowing into the muscular tissue of lip and palate, and fatty infiltration into the submucosal deep connective tissue. The strong reactions of MMP-3 and HSP-70 were detected in the tissues of cleft lip and palate, especially increased in degenerating muscle bundles, while the immunostainings of PCNA and c-erb-B2 were weakly positive in the tissues of cleft lip and palate. These data suggest that the retrogressive tissue degeneration around the cleft areas persistently exist during the prenatal and postnatal period after cleft formation, and the sebaceous gland hyperplasia and fatty infiltration with the intense expression of MMP-3 and HSP-70 is closely related to the muscular degeneration around the cleft area.