• Title/Summary/Keyword: $Co_2$배출량

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Comparison between Congestion Levels and Amount of $CO_2$ Emissions on Arterials (단속류 간선도로에서 지정체와 $CO_2$ 배출량 비교)

  • Gang, Jin-Gu;O, Heung-Un
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.17-23
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    • 2011
  • It has been presumed that the amount of vehicle's $CO_2$ emission would highly related to vehicle's cruising speeds on highways. In this study, it was tested if vehicle's $CO_2$ emissions would relate to the types of highways and the level of congestion. The results showed that the amount of $CO_2$ emission changes depending on (1) the vehicles' cruising speeds (b) congestion levels, and (c) the types of intersections. It was found that the vehicle acceleration and deceleration methods increases the amount of $CO_2$ emission up to 12%. It was also found that it changed up to 30% and 40% depending on the level of congestion and the types of intersections, respectively. The findings imply that the amount of $CO_2$ emission from vehicles should be improved when vehicles' cruising speeds are well managed through congestion management.

An Estimation and Decomposition of CO2 Emissions Change in Korea Industry, 1990~2000 Using a Hybrid Input-Output Model and Structural Decomposition Analysis (환경 혼합 산업연관모형을 이용한 산업별 이산화탄소 배출량 추정과 변화 요인 분석)

  • Choi, Han Joo;Lee, Kihoon
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.27-50
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    • 2006
  • We estimate $CO_2$ emissions in Korea industry, 1990 and 2000 using a commodity- by-industry IO model ($CO_2$ hybrid IO mode]). Estimated $CO_2$ emissions in industries include both $CO_2$ emissions from direct and indirect consumption. The results show that total $CO_2$ emissions has increased by 51.6 million TC (Tonne of Carbon) from 64.4 million TC in 1990 to 115.5 million TC in 2000. By applying the structural decomposition analysis technique, we decompose change of $CO_2$ emissions in Korea industry between the period 1990~2000. In the decomposition, we figure out two contributing factors, changes in $CO_2$ coefficient and changes in final demand. The latter is further decomposed as growth effects and structural effects. We also estimated each factor's contribution to the changes in $CO_2$ emissions in industries between 1990~2000. The analysis can be used as a useful resource for policy makers in improving the effectiveness of $CO_2$ emissions mitigation policy.

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The Measurement Method of CO2 Emission for Construction Equipment using ZigBee Sensor (ZigBee 센서를 활용한 건설장비의 CO2 배출량 측정방법)

  • Chun, Jin-Ku;Kim, Byung-Soo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.32 no.2D
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    • pp.167-174
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    • 2012
  • Recently, the effort to reduce $CO_2$ emission concerning certified emission reductions (CERs) is progressing lively with the institute in the center through lifecycle. However, the technique for reduce $CO_2$ emission is the first stage yet and the technique is insufficient to calculate with accuracy it. Therefore, this study tries to develop the method to measure by actual time $CO_2$ emission of construction equipment using Zigbee sensor. To review the method that calculate $CO_2$ emission, have classified the impact factors that affect at $CO_2$ emission by IPCC guideline. It also has review the application of Zigbee sensor that use wireless data communication. The reviewed result get that the measuring objects are the $CO_2$ emssion, RPM and fuel consumption of equipment, there are needs to search the year of equipment, waiting time, kind of vehicle and fuel that affect to $CO_2$ emission.

Decomposition of CO2 Emissions in the Manufacturing Sector : An International Comparative Study for Korea, UK, and USA (제조업 부문의 이산화탄소 배출 요인분해: 한국·영국·미국의 국제비교 연구)

  • Han, Taek Whan;Shin, Wonzoe
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.723-738
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    • 2007
  • This paper draws some implications from Logarithmic Mean Weight Divisia Method (LMWDM) on the sources of $CO_2$ emission changes in the manufacturing sectors of Korea, UK, and USA. The sources of change in industrial $CO_2$ emission of a country, as manifested by production scale factor, structural factor, and technical factor, summarizes the forces behind the change in $CO_2$ emissions in each country's manufacturing sector. There are three observations. First one is that Korea's emission is increasing while USA and UK are experiencing reduction or stabilization of $CO_2$ emission in the manufacturing sector. Second implication is that the technical factor affecting $CO_2$ emission in Korea does not help much, or even hinder, the reduction of $CO_2$ emissions, comparing to USA and UK. Third one, which is the combined result of the first and the second one, is that Korea's increasing trend in aggregate $CO_2$ emission throughout the periods in consideration is mainly due to the failure in technical progress, or the deterioration in the structure of within subcategories, or both. The policy implications is clear. The obvious prescription is to launch a nation-wide policy drive which can revert these adverse trends.

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The Dynamic Analysis between Environmental Quality, Energy Consumption, and Income (소득 및 에너지소비와 환경오염의 관계에 대한 분석)

  • Jung, Sukwan;Kang, Sangmok
    • Journal of Environmental Policy
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.97-122
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    • 2013
  • The ARDL(Autoregressive Distributed Lag) method is employed analyzes the long-run equilibrium relationships among environmental pollution($CO_2$ emissions) per capita, income levels per capita, and energy consumption per capita. The error correction model is employed to analyze the short-term effects of income and energy consumption on $CO_2$ emissions. The Toda-Yammamoto method is employed for causal analysis among the three variables. The results show that income levels, energy consumption, and $CO_2$ emissions are cointegrated. We found the N type relationship between income and $CO_2$ emissions. Long-term elasticities of income and energy consumption with respect to $CO_2$ emission were greater than their short-term elasticities. There were a bilateral causality between energy consumption and $CO_2$ emissions. There was a unilateral causality from $CO_2$ emissions to income and from energy consumption to income not vice versa. Energy consumption can be an important variable to contribute to forecasting $CO_2$ emissions.

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The CO2 Emission in the Process of Cement Manufacture Depending on CaO Content (시멘트 생산과정에 따른 CaO 함량과 CO2의 발생량)

  • Kim, Sang-Hyo;Hwang, Jun-Pil
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.365-370
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    • 2013
  • In this study, contents of limestone in cement manufactured by six domestic plants for Portland cement were investigated in terms of the strength and its relation to the $CO_2$ emission due to limestone material and its physical properties in cement manufacturing process. the relationship among CaO content, compressive strength, and $CO_2$ emission was surveyed for the limestone quantity in decomposition reaction and the loss of limestone quantity contained in each cement. As a result of $CO_2$ emission calculation for unit cement, it was found that the $CO_2$ emission due to decomposition of limestone was occupied 67% of total emission quantity. Furthermore, there was a difference in $CO_2$ emission quantity depending on the cement manufacturing process management. Also, it was shown that fossil fuel usage and material loss had a major influence as main factors of $CO_2$ emission. An increase in the CaO content in cement resulted in an increase in the compressive strength. On the contrary, CaO content and compressive strength were reduced with the growth of loss quantity of limestone. It was verified that the material and process management were more effective than CaO yield in cement manufacturing for $CO_2$ emission with the growth of $CO_2$ emission quantity. Pozzolanic materials such as PFA and GGBS in concrete mix affected the price, $CO_2$ emission and development of strength of concrete.

Estimation of Vehicle's CO2 Emission using OBD-II Interface (OBD-II 인터페이스를 이용한 자동차 CO2 배출량 추정)

  • Jung, Kyung-Kwon;Choi, Woo-Seung
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.16 no.12
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    • pp.167-174
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    • 2011
  • This paper described the estimation methods of CO2 emission of vehicles. The important of energy and environment has emerged in the world, and the field of vehicle's development as well. CO2 was particularly the object of emission-regulation that caused of global warming. There are performance comparison methods by driving mileage, International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and chemical equation for the combustion of Octane. We took the measurement by getting data through OBD-II port from vehicle covered 5 km on road. We got the diagnosis information, specific mileage and fuel consumption in this experiment. We are able to expect similar CO2 emission by the methods in the normal speed driving. Also, we can make more realistic approach of CO2 emission by the method of estimation by IPCC and chemical equation for the combustion of Octane in rapid acceleration driving.

EKC Hypothesis Testing for the CO2 Emissions of Korea Considering Total Factor Productivity: Focusing on the CO2 Emissions by Region and GRDP (총요소생산성을 고려한 한국의 CO2 배출량에 대한 EKC 가설 검증: 지역별 CO2 배출량과 GRDP를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Suyi;Jung, Kyung Hwa
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.667-688
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    • 2014
  • This research tested the EKC (Environment Kuznets Curve) Hypothesis using the $CO_2$ Emissions by region and GRDP. We built the panel data set on the 15 local government region from 1990 to 2010 for this analysis. GRDP, population and total factor productivity was considered as the factors influencing on the regional $CO_2$ Emissions. Analysis method in this research is panel GLS model as Lantz and Feng (2006). The results show that the EKC hypothesis did not hold in Korea but there is inverted U relationship between the $CO_2$ Emissions and total factor productivity. As the total factor productivity grows, the $CO_2$ increased but decreased after a certain level.

Comparison of Construction Costs of Masonry Wall Types, including CO2 Emission Costs (조적벽의 CO2 배출비용을 포함한 건설원가 비교에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Byung-Yun;Kim, Bo-Ra;Kim, Gwang-Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2010
  • The carbon dioxide($CO_2$) emissions that result from construction are one of the main factors causing a global warming problem. It is therefore necessary to make efforts to reduce $CO_2$ emissions in the construction industry. Some researchers have studied $CO_2$ emissions in the industry ; however, there has been a lack of study on $CO_2$ emissions cost. Therefore, in this study, the construction costs, including the $CO_2$ emission cost, of masonry wall type, which is a common brick wall, concrete brick wall, and fired brick wall, were examined. The purpose of this study is to compare the construction costs of masonry wall types, including $CO_2$ emission costs. The study found that the $CO_2$ emission costs were highest for the fired brick wall, followed by the concrete brick wall. This research could provide basic information that can be used in other engineering methods to convert $CO_2$ emissions to $CO_2$ emission cost.

Assessment on Nitrous oxide (N2O) Emissions of Korea Agricultural Soils in 2009 (2009년 우리나라 농경지 토양에서의 N2O 배출량 평가)

  • Jeong, Hyun-Cheol;Kim, Gun-Yeob;Lee, Deog-Bae;Shim, Kyo-Moon;Lee, Seul-Bi;Kang, Kee-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.1207-1213
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to assess $N_2O$ emissions in agricultural soils of Korea. According to 1996 and 2006 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methodology, $N_2O$ emission was calculated the sum of direct emission ($N_2O_{DIRECT}$) and indirect emission ($N_2O_{INDIRECT}$). To calculate $N_2O$ emissions, emission factor was used default of IPCC and activity data was used the food, agricultural, forestry and fisheries statistical yearbook of MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). It was emitted 8,608 $N_2O$ Mg resulted from direct emission by application of chemical fertilizer and animal manure, input in n-fixation crops and input of crop residues and emissions converted $N_2O$ into $CO_2$ equivalent was 2,668 $CO_2$-eq Gg. Indirect emission as $N_2O_{(G)}$ (atmospheric deposition of $NH_3$ and $NO_X$) and $N_2O_{(L)}$ (leaching and runoffs) were 4,567 and 6,013 $N_2O$ Mg and emissions converted $N_2O$ into $CO_2$ equivalent were 1,416 and 1,864 $CO_2$-eq Gg, respectively. Total $N_2O$ emission in Korea agricultural soil in 2009 was 5,948 $CO_2$-eq Gg.