• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.512-519
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• 1991

The axial ligations of nitrogenous bases (pyridine, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole and 2,6-lutidine) to Zn(II)-, Cu(II)-, and Ni(II)-tetrakis(o-chlorophenyl)porphyrin(o-ClTPP), and -tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) were investigated in organic solvents $(CH_2Cl_2,\;C_6H_6,\;CH_3NO_2,\;(CH_3)_2CO,\;CHCl_3,\;DMF\;and\;DMSO)$ and at 0.01M of ionic strength. The equilibrium constants for the ligation reactions of methalloporphyrins were determined using spectrophotometric method at 15∼35${\circ}C$. In case of M(II)-TPP the equilibrium constants K were considerably larger than those of M(II)-(o-Cl)TPP, depending on steric effect of the porphyrin. The linear relationships between logK of the axial ligation and $pK_a$ of nitrogenous base were shown in M(II)-TPP, but not in M(II)-(o-Cl)TPP. The stabilities of MTPP(L) were controlled by the reation enthalpy and entropy, while those of M(o-Cl)TPP almost by the reaction entropy. The coordinating power of solvent to the methalloporphyrin were also studied in $CHCl_3,\;(CH_3)_2CO$, DMF and DMSO. From those results the solvent effects on the equilibrium constants were discussed.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2017

Densities of molten salt mixtures of eutectic LiCl-KCl with $UCl_3$, $CeCl_3$, or $LaCl_3$ at various concentrations (up to 13 wt%) were measured using a liquid surface displacement probe. Linear relationships between the mixture density and the concentration of the added salt were observed. For $LaCl_3$ and $CeCl_3$, the measured densities were significantly higher than those previously reported from Archimedes' method. In the case of $LiCl-KCl-UCl_3$, the data fit the ideal mixture density model very well. For the other salts, the measured densities exceeded the ideal model prediction by about 2%.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 1998

It is necessary to use Arc layer and DUV resist to define 0.25 $\mu \textrm{m}$ line and space for 256 MDRAM devices. Poly-Si etching with Arc layer and different resists has been performed in a TCP-9408 etcher with variation of gas chemistries; $Cl_2/O_2, Cl_2/N_2, Cl_2$/HBr . DUV resist causes more positive etch profile and CD gain compared to I-line resist because the sidewall passivation is more stimulated by increasing polymerization through the loss of resist. When Arc layer is applied, CD hain also increases due to the polymeric mask formed after thching Arc layer. From the point of gas chemistry effects, the etch profile and CD gain is not improved using $Cl_2/O_2$ gas, since polymerization is accelerated in this gas. however, the vertical profile and less CD gain is obtained using $Cl_2$/HBr gas. Furthermore, HBr gas is very effective to suppress the difference of profile and CD variation between dense pattern and isolated pattern by minimizing non-uniformity of side wall passivation with pattern density.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.122-133
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• 1998

The CL network fer CBDS(Connectionless Broadband Data Service) defined by ITU-(International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication) consists of CL(ConnectionLess) servers which route frames and links which connect between CL user and CL server or between CL servers[1][2]. In this configuration, two kinds of congestion, CL link congestion and CL server congestion may occur. Therefore this paper has proposed the scheme that can deal with the above congestion state of LAN traffic efficiently in interworking LANs in ATM network. Proposed schemes ale link-by-link scheme and hybrid scheme. Link-by-link scheme uses the ABR feedback loops of AIM layer between CL user and CL server or between CL servers, and the header translation table carrying out the routing function of frame. And hybrid scheme is the scheme that adds end-to-end loop to link-by-link scheme and then uses RM message using CLNAP-PDU(ConnectionLess Network Access Protocol - Protocol Data Units) of CL layer. These schemes can be implemented easily because of using the ABR loop of ATM layer, end-to-end loop of CL layer, and the routing function of CL server. In this paper the characteristic and effects of two schemes in CL server bas been compared and analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2008

복합 싸이클 시험 모니터링을 통해 NaCl, $CaCl_2$ 제설염 환경에서 11 % Cr, 17 % Cr 페라이트 스테인리스강의 외면부식특성을 조사하고자 하였다. 용액 내 NaCl 및 $CaCl_2$의 농도가 증가함에 따라 용액의 pH가 떨어졌으며, $CaCl_2$의 농도증가에 따른 산성화도가 NaCl에 비해 크게 나타났다. 염수분무-건조-습윤 과정의 반복으로 구성되어 있는 복합싸이클 시험 중 소재의 표면상태 변화를 모니터링 한 결과, 건조 과정 중에 공식이 시작되며, NaCl 환경의 경우엔 습윤과정 중에 $CaCl_2$ 환경의 경우엔 건조 중에 공식성장이 주로 이루어지는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 1992

An investigation was carried out to study the feasibility of tofu preparation with using isolated soyprotein(ISP) only. The ISP tofu was prepared by boiling the ISP suspension for 2 min before addition of coagulants. Effects of coagulants($CaSO_{4},\;CaCl_{2}\;MgCl_{2}\;GDL$) and coagulation temperature in the range of $2{\sim}95^{\circ}C$ were studied on the amounts of coagulants required, size and shape of coagulates, volume yield and textural properties of tofu. It was found that amounts of coagulants and tofu volume was significantly reduced and the larger and cloud-like shape was obtained as the coagulation temperature increased. A rather precipitation was occured under $40\;or\;50^{\circ}C$, which caused difficulty for tofu formation by pressing. GDL and $CaSO_{4}$ showed higher yields than those of $CaCl_{2}\;and\;MgCl_{2}$ at low temperature range and little difference at high temperature. In the textural properties of hardness, brittleness and gumminess of tofu were almost lineary and rapidly increased as the coagulation temperature increased where $CaCl_{2}\;and\;GDL$ produced highest and lowest of those values, respectively. The elasticity was reduced as the temperature increased for those made with $MaCl_{2},\;CaSO_{4}\;GDL\;and\;CaCl_{2}$, tofu showed little change.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow and other somatic tissues reside in an environment with relative low oxygen tension. Cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$) can mimic hypoxic conditions through transcriptional changes of some genes including hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study evaluated the potential role of $CoCl_2$ preconditioning on multi-lineage differentiation of C3H/10T1/2, a murine MSC line to understand its possible molecular mechanisms in vitro. $CoCl_2$ treatment of MSCs markedly increased HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF mRNA, and protein expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$. Temporary preconditioning of MSCs with $CoCl_2$ induced up-regulation of osteogenic markers including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and type I collagen during osteogenic differentiation, followed by enhanced mineralization. $CoCl_2$ also increased chondrogenic markers including aggrecan, sox9, and type II collagen, and promoted chondrocyte differentiation. $CoCl_2$ suppressed the expression of adipogenic markers including $PPAR{\gamma}$, aP2, and $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and inhibited adipogenesis. Temporary preconditioning with $CoCl_2$ could affect the multi-lineage differentiation of MSCs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.214-217
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• 1985

Platinum(II) complexes of R-2,2'-diaminobinaphthyl (R-dabn), [Pt(R-dabn)(H2O)2]Cl2, [Pt(R-dabn)(R-Pn)]Cl2, [Pt(R-dabn)(R-bn)]Cl2, and platinum(II) complexes of S-2,2'-diaminobinaphthyl (S-dabn), [Pt(S-dabn)(H2O)2]Cl2, [Pt(S-dabn)(S-Pn)]Cl2, and [(Pt(S-dabn)(S-bn)]Cl2 have been prepared. (R-Pn and S-Pn are, respectively R- and S isomer of 2,3-diaminobutane). R-Pn and S-bn are, respectively R and S isomer of 2,3-diaminopropane). In the vicinity of the B-absorption band region of dabn, the circular dichroism spectra of platinum(Ⅱ) complexes of R-dabn series show a positive B-band followed by a negative higher energy A-band, which is generally understood as the splitting pattern for a ${\lambda}$ conformation, while the circular dichroism spectra of platinum(Ⅱ) complexes of S-dabn series show a negative B-band followed by a positive higher energy A-band in the long-axis polarized absorption region as expected for a $\delta$ conformation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.276-283
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• 2006

To evaluate the effectiveness of the foliar spray of calcium on "Baekdo" peach fruit, we carried out experiments in the orchards. The sprays were applied with $CaCl_2\;(Ca:\;400mg.kg^{-1})\;and\;CaCl_2$ with adjuvants (amino acid, $2g.kg^{-1}$; phytic acid, $2ml.kg^{-1}$ and wood vinegar, $2ml.kg^{-1}$) for four times from June 12 through July 4 at weekly intervals. The fruits and leaves were evaluated for Ca content, firmness and incidence of Brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola at harvest To evaluate fruit quality included Ca content, firmness natural decay during the storage, the fruits were stored at room temperature for 14 days. The Ca content in leaf and fruit flesh at harvest was significantly increased (P=0.05) in $CaCl_2$ + amino acid treatment among $CaCl_2$ treatments. However, there was not significant Ca content in fruit peel. The firmness of flesh increased significantly (P=0.05) in $CaCl_2$ + amino acid treatment. The natural decay (Rhizopus stolonifers) during storage at the room temperature for 14 days, the fruit treated with $CaCl_2$ + wood vinegar exhibited lowest (P=0.05) incidence. Also, the firmness of the fruit during storage was firmer with treated $CaCl_2$ than untreated fruit. In the treatments of $CaCl_2$ + phytic acid and $CaCl_2$ + amino acid, it was possible to reduce incidence of Brown rot caused by M. fructicola most effectively in the field. In addition, inoculation with M. fructicola in fruits was also the most effective treatment for inhibiting disease development in vitro. These results suggested that the foliar spray of $CaCl_2$ with adjuvants increased the content of Ca and firmness of the fruits positively. It also inhibited the natural decay and the Brown rot effectively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2002

The $Ca_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$S:CuCl TFEL devices were fabricated by electron-beam deposition system and luminescent characteristics of the TFEL devices were studied. The SrS and CaS powders were mixed to form $Ca_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$S host materials and 0.2 at% of CuCl was added as the activator. The luminance(lao) and peak emission wavelength of CaS:CuCl TFEL devices were 9.5 cd/m$^2$ and 492 nm, respectively. The luminance(L$_{30}$) and peak emission wavelength of SrS:CuCl TFEL devices were 633 cd/m$^2$ and 500 nm, respectively. It seems that the addition of CaS into the SrS host material generates blue shift of the EL emission characteristics but reduces the luminance and the luminous efficiency of the $Ca_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$S:CuCl TFEL devices drastically.