• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.732-738
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• 2001

This study was attempted to isolate and identify the anticancer compounds from Eucommia ulmoides leaves using a human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. The petroleum ether extracts with anticancer activity was chromatographed on silica gel TLC and finally anticancer compounds was purified by HPLC. Their chemical structures were roughly elucidate by UV-VIS absorption spectral data HPLC elution pattern and FAM/MS spectroscopy. From this study these compounds were suspected to be pheophytin a formed by the removal of $Mg^{2+}$ from chlorophyll a and pyropheophytina formed by the removal of acetate group from pheophytin a respectively. To confirm the anticancer effects against HCT-116 cancer cell petroleum ether extract fractions of column chromatography and fractions separated on TLC were tested. All samples tested including the extract of petroleum ether fractions of column chromatograph and three bands (0.13,0.19,0.25) of TLC appeared to inhibit the growth of HCT-116 cancer cell however especially 0.19 and 0.25 fractions separated on TLC plate revealed the strongest effect. These results suggest that chlorophyll derivatives in Eucommia ulmoides may be potential anticancer agents against a human colon cancer cell HCT-116.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.470-476
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• 2007

This study is conducted to identify responses of plants to low $O_3$ concentration, Five species, Liriodendron tulipifera, Cornus officinalis, Ginkgoba biloba, Zelkova serrata, and Acer palmatum, were exposed to low ozone concentration from June 9 to July 8 in the phytotron, We measured chlorophyll contents, leaf diffusion resistance, leaf transpiration, and antioxidant enzyme activities; ascorbate peroxidase(APX), Especially, Liriodendron tulipifera and Cornus officinalis showed sensitive responses to ozone treatment as visible injuries, while other four species relatively showed tolerant responses. However, we noticed that almost all species under ozone treatment were lower physiological activities such as chlorophyll contents, leaf diffusion resistance, leaf transpiration, and antioxidant enzyme activities with time even without any visible injury.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.28-37
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• 2003

We investigated water quality, salinity, nutrients, SS, COD and Chlorophyll-a concentrations in the seawater of the Mokpo costal area, southwestern coast of Korea. Seawater samples at 25 stations were collected in July 20, 25 and September 3, 2002 after a strong rain event. The distributions nutrients in seawater were analyzed using an method of sea water analysis presented by the ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Korea. The sampling sites were categorized into the inner and outer harbour based on salinity distribution and difference of nutrients distributions was evidence between these two zones. Nutrients and SS inflow and distributed in the inner harbour by the discharged freshwater from Youngsan river during strong rainfall whereas they were distributed in seawater of outer harbour by natural processes in general coastal area.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the reaction in variable light environments on shade tolerant species, Chloranthus glaber. We raised Chloranthus glaber seedlings under four light conditions: PPFD 400, 250, $100\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ and full sunlight (PPFD $1600\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Using 2 years old seedlings, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration were investigated. Shaded seedlings had higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rates, and stomatal conductance, but not higher intercellular $CO_2$ concentration than those in the full sun treatment. This result suggested that growth and physiology of Chloranthus glaber adapted to low light intensity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2017

This study was carried out to apply the UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) coupled with Multispectral sensor for the algae bloom monitoring in river. The study acquired remote sensing data using UAV on the midstream area of Gum River, one of four major rivers in South Korea. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used for monitoring algae change. This study conducted water sampling and analysis in the field for correlating with NDVI values. Among the samples analyzed, the chlorophyll concentration exhibited strong and significant linear relationships with NDVI, and thus NDVI was chosen for algae bloom index to identify emergence aspect of phytoplankton in river. Aerial remote sensing technology can provide more accurate, flexible, cheaper, and faster monitoring methods of detecting and predicting eutrophication and therefore cyanobacteria bloom in water reservoirs compared to currently used technology. As a result, there was high level of correlation in chlorophyll-a and NDVI. It is expected that when this remote water quality and pollution monitoring technology is applied in the field, it would be able to improve capabilities to deal with the river water quality and pollution at the early stage.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.591-607
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• 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the changes of chemical composition of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from red pine needles in the process of needle abscission or senescence. The VOCs in intact, senescent, and litter red pine needle samples were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). And then, multivariate statistical interpretation of the processed data sets was conducted to investigate similarities and dissimilarities of the needle samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to investigate the dataset structure and discrimination between samples, respectively. From the data preview, the levels of major components of VOCs from needles were not significantly different between needle samples. By PCA investigation, the data reduction according to classification based on the chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b (Ca/Cb) ratio were found to be ideal for differentiating intact, senescent, and litter needles. The following OPLS-DA taking Ca/Cb ratio as y-variables showed that needle samples were well grouped on score plot and had the significant discriminant compounds, respectively. Several compounds had significantly correlated with Ca/Cb ratio in a bivariate correlation analysis. Notably, the litter needles had a higher content of oxidized compounds than the intact needles. In summary, we found that chemical compositions of VOCs between intact, senescent, and litter needles are different each other and several compounds reflect characteristic of needle.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 1995

Glyphosate(N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) applied to the assimilate-exporting leaves or sprayed to the whole plants of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mil var. Moneymaker). Glyphosate induced the rapid accumulation of shikimic acid within 24 h. The accumulation of shikimic acid companied with chlorophyll loss in meristematic leaves, i.e. apical leaves. The chlorosis was acropetal in apical region of young growing leaf. The degradation of chlorophyll seems to be a secondary or tertiary effect of glyphosate. However, the level of shikimic acid accumulated was reduced except for roots and apical leaves from 5 days after treatment. The accumulating levels are considerably differed through the applicated regions. The level of shikimic acid is highest at the apical meristem 4 days after the application to 3rd old leaf.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.646-651
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• 2007

This investigation was performed to study the influence of Cd and nitrate on growth, and chlorophyll and photosynthetic enzymes in seedling of tobacco. Growth inhibition by Cd was not recovered by nitrate. Chlorophyll levels were reduced by Cd. The combination of Cd and low concentration of nitrate decreased the chlorophyll content compared to that in plants exposed only to Cd. Activity and content of rubisco at Cd treatment was significantly lesser than in plants receiving no treatment, These data suggest that rubisco activity was associated with an amount of rubisco protein, and that the activation and synthesis of rubisco is inhibited by Cd. Both the activity and content of rubisco decreased by Cd were more decreased by nitrate. A similar change pattern was also observed in activity and content of rubisco activase. These results suggest that Cd- and nitrate-induced changes of rubisco could be correlated with rubisco activase, and that nitrate was concerned in not only the activation and synthesis of rubisco directly, but also rubisco activase leading to a large change in rubisco.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2005

In order to study the temporal variations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the Bottol Bada, three field observations were carried out on 20, 23 and 26 July, 2004. The low N:P values exhibit nitrogen deficiency during the periods of observation. This result is not representative of typical summer environment in the southern coast of Korea. The possible mechanisms are as follows: 1) The freshwater inflow was not sufficient for the supply of nitrogen because the total precipitation was 11.9 mm in July, 2004. This amount is no more than $5\%$ in normal precipitation in July. 2) There was an inflow of oceanic water under the subsurface into the Bottol Bada. Even though the oceanic water comprises more nutrients, it produces the stratification between the surface and the subsurface water and seems to prevent the supply of nutrinets to the surface layer. 3) The high chlorophyll-a concentration of $1.2 {\cal}ug/L$ was shown near the narrow channel between Gae-do and Geumo-do. This seems to be resulted from the inflow of water from Gamak Bay.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2010

As cool-season plant, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is planted under shade-installation with tall front and low rear. However, at different planting positions, distinct differences come out because ginseng grows at the same position within 3~5 years and the growth circumstance changes a lot by the shade-installation. So, in this study, changes of temperature, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence with varieties of shading material and planting position were investigated. Light transmittances by polyethylene shade net and silver-coated shading plate as planting materials were measured according to different planting positions. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured by LI-6400-40 (Li-Cor). According to different planting positions, light intensity was higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net, and higher at front than rear. Also, photosynthetic rate showed the same tendency, which had a positive correlation to light intensity. But this treatment caused a lower Fo compared with polyethylene shade net because of the stress by light and temperature. Also, Fv/Fm and ETR were higher in silver-coated shading plate. Fo was similar at front and rear according to silver-coated shading plate and ETR was higher at front.