• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2001년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.613-616
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• 2001

공 부활제로 KCI, Cl, S 및 P를 각각 첨가한 발광충을 전자 빔 방법에 의해 성장시킨 2중 절연구조의 SrS:Ce electroluminescent(EL) device를 제작하여, 공 부활제가 EL device의 휘도에 미치는 영향을 조사였다. 휘도 및 발광파장은 첨가되는 공 부활제 및 농도에 의하여 상당한 영향을 받고 있음을 알았다. 어느 공 부활제에서나 전체 휘도는 0.2 mol%에서 최고를 나타냈으며, CeCl$_3$+KCL를 첨가한 소자가 최고 850cd/$m^2$를 나타내었다. 또한 CeP를 첨가한 소자의 경우 전체 휘도는 낮았으나 청색 휘도의 비율은 가장 높았으며, 이 비율은 농도의 상승에 따라 증가했다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.790-794
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• 2012

Trace metal ions such as $Cd^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$ in a highly saline sample were subjected to on-line complexation with 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR) dissolved in a background electrolyte (BGE) under transient isotachophoresis (TITP) conditions. A long plug of the saline sample, containing the trace metal ions but devoid of TAR, was injected into a coated capillary filled with a BGE composed of 150 mM 2-(cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid (CHES) and 110 mM triethylamine (TEA) at pH 9.7. Since the electrophoretic mobility of TAR fell between the mobilities of the anionic leading electrolyte ($Cl^-$ in the sample) and the anionic terminating background electrolyte ($CHES^-$), a highly concentrated zone of TAR from the BGE was formed at the rear of the sample matrix and then the metal cations toward the cathode were swept by isotachophoretically assisted on-line complexation (IAOC) between the metal ions and the isotachophoretically stacked TAR. As a result, anionic metal-TAR complexes were formed efficiently, which satisfy the TITP conditions between $Cl^-$ and $CHES^-$. The enrichment factors of metal ions including $Cd^{2+}$ were up to 780-fold compared to a conventional CZE mode using absorbance detection. The detection limits were 17 nM, 15 nM, and 27 nM for $Ni^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Cd^{2+}$ in a 250 mM NaCl matrix, respectively. Our method was successfully applied to the analysis of urine samples without desalting.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.157-157
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• 2003

수평 전기로에서 CdIn2Te4 다결정을 용융법으로 합성하고 Bridgman법으로 tetragonal structure의 c축에 평행한 CdIn2Te4 단결정을 성장시켰다. c축에 평행한 시료의 광흡수와 광전류 spectra를 293K에서 10K까지 측정하였다. 광흡수 spectra에 의해 band gap Eg(T)는 varshni공식에 따라 계산한 결과 1.4753eV-(7.78$\times$$10^{-3}$eV/K)T$^2$/(T+2155K)임을 확인하였다. Hall 효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293K에서 각각 9.01$\times$$10^{16}$ /㎤, 219 $\textrm{cm}^2$/V.S였다. 광전류 스펙트럼으로부터 Hamilton matrix(Hopfield quasicubic mode)법으로 계산한 결과 crystal field splitting $\Delta$cr값이 0.2704 eV이며 spin-orbit $\Delta$so 값은 0,1465 eV임을 확인하였다. 10K일 때 광전류 봉우리들은 n=1일때 Al-, Bl-와 Cl-exciton 봉우리임을 알았다.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 1991

This study was initiated to investigate the effects of organic germanium on cadmium and mercury intoxication. The effect was determined by the metallothionein induction in liver and kidney. Male rats (Sprague-Dawley) were treated with CdCI$_{2}$ (2mg/kg), HgCI$_{2}$ (1 mg/kg) and organic germanium (GE-132) (100 mg/kg) in single and in combination via intraperitoneal injection or intragastric administration every other days for 17 days. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 7, 12 and 17 days treatment. The serum transaminase activities (SGOT, SGPT), concentration of metal and metallothionein, metal-binding capacity of metallothionein in liver and kidney were determined and pathomorphological observations were undertaken. The combined treatment of GE-132 and CdCI$_{2}$ significantly decreased the increment of serum transaminase activities in rats treated with CdCI$_{2}$ only, but the combined treatment of GE-132 and HgCI$_{2}$ did not affect to activities of transaminases induced by mercury only. The concentration of metals (Cd and Hg) except Ge in the liver and kidney of rats increased with the time of treatment. Mercury concentration in kidney of rat treated with HgCI$_{2}$ only was significantly higher than the combined treatment of GE-132 and HgCI$_{2}$. The combined treatment of GE-132 and CdCI$_{2}$ significantly increased the concentration of metallothionein in liver compared to the CdCI$_{2}$ only, although the concentration of cadmium in liver were not significantly different between two groups. This indicates that GE-132 decreased toxicity of cadmium in liver by promoting metallothionein induction. There were no significant differences in metallothionein concentration in liver and kidney of rats between the combined treatment of GE-132 and HgCI$_{2}$ and HgCI$_{2}$ only. Metal-binding capacity of metallothionein varied with each time intervals in liver and kidney of metals treated rats except the liver of the combined treatment of GE-132 and CdCI$_{2}$. This finding explains the concentration of metallothionein in liver keeps abreast with the concention of metal. Furthermore, the combined treatment of GE-132and CdCl$_{2}$ revealed pathologically less changes in liver tissue than CdCl$_{2}$ only; the damages of liver cell, such as lobular necrosis and portal inflammation, were relieved and appeared more later. From the above results, organic germanium is considered to have some beneficial effect on the protection of liver from the cadmium intoxication.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2001

Deicers have used for melting snow on the road during winter season, but they have largely influenced on environment and public assets and human health. The pollution level of snow and soil contained deicer was analyzed and evaluated the characteristics of deicers. The results were as follows 1. In the result of measurement of pollutants in snow contained deicer, the pH was a little higher than a comparative group and the concentration of $Cl^{-}$ ranged from 0.5% to 0.87%, and the electric conductivity ranged 12.4 to 24.6 mmho/cm. The concentration of Cd, As, and Hg was not detected, but those of Cu, Pb, Cr was higher than a comparative group. 2. In soil of the road spreaded with deicer, the pH is getting alkalized and the concentration of $Cl^{-}$ was high in January and returned the level of a comparative grout) in November by physical and chemical reaction with deicer, but the concentration of heavy metals were not connected with deicers. 3. In comparison of deicing efficiency, the concentration of $Cl^{-}$ was 3.3~5times high in spreading with deicer before snowing than after snowing. The concentration of $Cl^{-}$ in NaCl was higher than $CaCl_2$, but the deicing efficiency of Nacl was better than that of $CaCl_2$. Moreover, the new deicer have no salt, but deicing efficiency of new deicer was less than that of NaCl and $CaCl_2$.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.940-945
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• 1995

입체특이성을 가지는 N, N'-bis-[2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethyl]ethane-1, 2-diamine(SS-epm) 리간드를 합성하여, $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$와 trans-$[Co(pyridine)_4Cl_2]Cl$에 각각 반응시켜 녹색결정을 얻었다. 원소분석과 전자흡수스펙트럼 자료에 따라 trans-$[Co(SS-epm)Cl_2]_2(COCl_4)$의 조성을 갖게됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 착물의 CD스펙트럼에서는 리간드의 입체특이성으로 인해 vicinal effect가 유발되었고, 장파장에서 음(-)의 cotton 효과를 나타내었으며, 킬레이트된 리간드의 conformation은 5원 킬레이트고리에 대해 ${\delta}{\lambda}{\delta}$(SRRS)를 취하고 있었다. SS-epm 리간드가 배위된 trans형 착물의 생성은 대이온으로 작용한 $Co(II)Cl_4^{2-}$가 대단히 중요한 이온회합 효과를 갖고 있음을 알게 되었다. 아울러, 분자역학(MM)적 방법으로 이차아민의 배향에 따른 각 이성질체의 strain energy를 계산하여, 평형상태에서 안전한 이성질체를 찾고, 동시에 분광학적 자료와 비교 검토하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.110-119
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• 1991

This study was performed to investigate the applicability of 9 chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange analysis for the assessment of cytotoxicity and cytogenetic effects of cadmium. Induction of chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange in CHO-K1 cells and human peripheral lymphocytes by 2 hour-treatment of CdCl$_{2}$ with various concentrations was observed in relation to their frequencies and types of aberration. The frequency of chromosome aberration in CHO cells treated with CdCl$+{2}$ at G$_{1}$ was increased with dose-dependent manner. When human peripheral lymphocytes were treated with cadmium at G0 and harvested at 72 hours there after, the response was dose-dependent and all the aberrations were also chromatid types. There was no significant increase in frequencies of sister chromatid exchange in both CHO cells and human lymphocytes treated with different concentrations of cadmium. It was suggested that SCE analysis was not a good assessment method for cadmium toxicity.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2009

The interaction of cadmium (II) ion with quercetin was investigated in aqueous solution at different pH. The quercetin/cadmium stochiometries for cadmium (II) binding have been determined by UV-vis spectrophotometric method. The complexation of Cd(II) ion with 54.72 ${\mu}M$ quercetin (A=1.00793) was formed in 0.2 M $NH_3-0.2$ M $NH_4Cl$ (pH 8.0) buffer solution. 1:1 Cd(II)-complex had a maximum absorbance and showed the bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band of the UV-vis spectra in the alkaline pH when interacted with quercetin in buffer solution. These results suggest that Cd(II)-quercetin complex has the optimal condition of chelation in basic buffer solution.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.804-810
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• 1997

실리콘의 모노머로 사용되고 있는 MCS 합성촉매계에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 기존 3원촉매계(Cu/Zn/Sn)에 조촉매 Cd를 추가시킨 4원촉매계(CuCl/$ZnCl_2$/Sn/Cd)는 원료 규소와 염화메틸로부터 MCS를 합성하는 촉매로서 성능이 3원촉매계 보다 우수하였다. 4원촉매계는 조성이 혼합촉매/규소=5/95, Zn/Cu=0.1, Sn/Cu=0.001, Cd/Cu=0.001가 되도록 구성하고, 슬러리상태에서 혼합한 후 활성화된 접촉물질을 제조하여 MCS 합성에 사용하였을 때, 규소소모율 92%에서 평균선택도 92%, 규소소모율 40%에서 반응속도는 175(g-MCS/hr.kg-Si)이었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2019

Cadmium is a strong toxic heavy metal which presents in paints and liquid wastes and causes oxidative stress in fish. On the other hand, lead is widely used for different purposes, e.g. lead pipes, it targets vital organs such as liver and kidney causing biochemical alterations. The present study evaluates the effects of 60 days exposure to Cd and Pb either single or combined together in African catfish. Sixty-four fishes were divided into 3 groups and exposed to $CdCl_2$ (7.02 mg/L) or $PbCl_2$ (69.3 mg/L) or a combination of them along with control group. Activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were estimated. Moreover, gill, liver and kidney were assayed for activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Individual exposure showed that both Cd and Pb significantly decreased LDH activity and SOD activity in the kidney. Pb significantly increased G-6-PDH activity and decreased GSH level in the gill. CAT activity in liver and kidney elevated significantly on Cd exposure while lead caused a significant depletion in the liver and significant elevation in the kidney. Both Cd and Pb significantly increased MDA levels in liver and kidney while Pb increased its level in gills. The combined exposure resulted in normalization of LDH, G-6-PDH activity, and CAT activity in liver and kidney as well as GSH level in both tissues and MDA in gill and kidney. The combination increased SOD activity and MDA level in liver and decreased SOD activity in kidney and GSH level in gills. In conclusion, the antioxidant system of African catfish was adversely affected by prolonged exposure to Cd and Pb. The combined exposure caused less damage than individual exposure and returned most parameters to those of controls.