• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.294-305
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to estimate the chemical compositions and to identify qualitative sources of fall-out particles in study area. Also, this study used a spatial analysis to estimate spatial distributions and average deposition flux. In this study, the chemical compositions of fall-out particle samples collected at Muncheon lake from May 2010 to January 2011 were analyzed by ICP and IC. The monthly trend of deposition fluxes for fall-out particles showed highest in June ($107.61kg/km^2/day$) and lowest in October ($22.22kg/km^2/day$). The average fluxes of Fe, Si, Al, Zn and Ba are 0.44, 0.24, 0.20, 0.17, $0.09kg/km^2/day$, respectively. Also, the average fluxes of $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $NH_4^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Na^+$ are 6.48, 5.01, 4.96, 1.75, $1.37kg/km^2/day$, respectively. A Factor analysis identified four sources such as 1) nonferrous metal, motor vehicle, and agriculture, 2) soil, 3) field burning, incineration, and 4) road dust and oil burning. The IDW (inverse distance weighting) spatial analysis method was used to estimate spatial distribution and average deposition flux for fall-out particles. A total average deposition fluxes estimated in Muncheon lake were 936.15 kg/month. The spatial distribution trend of deposition flux showed higher at site 1 and 2 than at site 3, 4 because local road is adjacent to the site 1 and 2.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.88.1-88.1
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• 2013

We have investigated vertical motions of plasma in the pores and changes of the motions with height by using high time and spatial resolutions data obtained by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope (NST). We infer the LOS velocity by applying the bisector method to the wings of CaII 854.2 nm line profile. We find that (1) upflow velocity in the pores decreases with height and turns into downward in the upper chromosphere; (2) 3 min and 5 min oscillations are found from the Doppler velocity in the pore at various wavelengths from the wing (${\pm}2.35{\AA}$) to the core (${\pm}1.25{\AA}$) of the CaII line; and (3) power of high (low) frequency oscillation obtained from the CaII intensity increases (decreases) with height. We discuss the physical implications of our results in view of the connection of LOS plasma flows in a concentrated magnetic flux (pore) between the photosphere and the low chromosphere.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.91-94
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to produce artificial lightweight aggregate. The properties of aggregate are deducted by analysing the plasticity of aggregate according to the addictive contents of $CaCO_3$ and $Al_2O_3$ on constant plastic temperature($1150^{\circ}C{\sim}1160^{\circ}C$) and the specific gravity, the percentage of water absorbtion. The density on the temperature of $1150^{\circ}C{\sim}1160^{\circ}C$ which results from that the plastic temperature of pottery stone is decreased by increasing the addictive contents of $CaCO_3$ and $Al_2O_3$ manufacturing artificial light weight aggregate using pottery stone is included in the arrange of light weight aggregate density. And the percentage of water absorbtion is 4.2~14% which is similar to or lower than existing artificial light weight aggregate. The unit volume weight is in inverse proportion to density and to increase addictive contents of flux.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 2019

The radionuclide inventory prediction of a nuclear power plant can help establish decommissioning plan by providing information of radiation environment. Accumulated radionuclides in reactors and related facilities after reactor shutdown can be divided into neutron activated materials and contaminated materials. Among the neutron activated radionuclides, $^{36}Cl$ and $^{41}Ca$ are important from the viewpoint of disposal because of its long half-life and physiochemical characteristics. In this research, we calculated the radionuclides of $^{36}Cl$ and $^{41}Ca$ in bioshielding concrete by estimating the neutron flux and cross section using the MCNPX. And we evaluated the inventories of $^{36}Cl$ and $^{41}Ca$ using the activation calculation code ORIGEN2.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2018

Increased intracellular levels of $Ca^{2+}$ are generally thought to negatively regulate lipolysis in mature adipocytes, whereas store-operated $Ca^{2+}$ entry was recently reported to facilitate lipolysis and attenuate lipotoxicity by inducing lipophagy. Transient receptor potential mucolipin1 (TRPML1), a $Ca^{2+}$-permeable non-selective cation channel, is mainly expressed on the lysosomal membrane and plays key roles in lysosomal homeostasis and membrane trafficking. However, the roles of TRPML1 in lipolysis remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether the channel function of TRPML1 induces lipolysis in mature adipocytes. We found that treatment of mature adipocytes with ML-SA1, a specific agonist of TRPML1, solely upregulated extracellular glycerol release, but not to the same extent as isoproterenol. In addition, knockdown of TRPML1 in mature adipocytes significantly reduced autophagic flux, regardless of ML-SA1 treatment. Our findings demonstrate that the channel function of TRPML1 partially contributes to lipid metabolism and autophagic membrane trafficking, suggesting that TRPML1, particularly the channel function of TRPML1, is as therapeutic target molecule for treating obesity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.737-744
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• 2016

The investigation of effects on fouling propensity with various viscosity of feed solutions would be better understanding for forward osmosis (FO) performance since the fouling propensity was directly influenced with solution viscosity. Therefore, this study was focused on the FO fouling with model foultants (humic acid, alginate) by altering solution viscosity with change of ionic strength (I.S) and $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations. In the comparison between humic acid and alginate, as expected, the alginate generally caused more severe fouling (almost 35.8 % of flux reduction) based on the solution characteristics (high viscosity) and fouling patterns (coil and gel layer). However, interesting point to note is that the fouling propensity of alginate was more severe even though it was applied with low viscosity of feed conditions (I.S = 20 mM, $Ca^{2+}=1mM$). This might be due to that crossed linked gel layer of alginate on the FO membrane surface could be best formed in the condition of $Ca^{2+}$ presence and higher I.S, and that is more dominant to fouling propensity than the low viscosity of feed solutions.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.258-263
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• 2013

In the current study, we explored the effect of LDR on the activation of Nrfs transcription factor involved in cellular redox events. Experiments were carried out utilizing 0.05 and 0.5 Gy X-ray irradiated normal human skin fibroblast HS27 cells. The results showed LDR induced Nrf1 and Nrf2 activation and expression of antioxidant genes HO-1, Mn-SOD, and NQO1. In particular, 0.05 Gy-irradiation increased only Nrf1 activation, but 0.5 Gy induced both Nrf1 and Nrf2 activation. LDR-mediated Nrf1/2 activation was accompanied by reactive species (RS) generation and $Ca^{2+}$ flux. This effect was abolished in the presence of N-acetyl-cysteine and BAPTA- AM. Furthermore, Nrf1/2 activation by LDR was suppressed by PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2. In conclusion, LDR induces Nrf1 and Nrf2 activation and expression of Nrf-regulated antioxidant defense genes through RS and $Ca^{2+}$/ERK1/2 pathways, suggesting new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial role of LDR in HS27 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.626-633
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• 1998

For the fabrication of low temperature cofirable glass/ceramic with high dielectric constant, crystallizing glass [$SiO_2-TiO_2-RO (RO:BaO, CaO:SrO)$] was formed. The glass/ceramic composites were made by mixing this glass and alumina ceramic as filler, and its characteristics was investigated. With this glass compositon, it was possible to fabricate the glass which could be crystallized under $900^{\circ}C$. And it was found that the crystallizing temperature was changed in accordance with the composition of RO in glass. By adding $Bi_2O_3$ as flux, using $Al_2O_3$ as filler and sintering at $860^{\circ}C$, low temperature cofirable glass/ceramic with high dielectric constant was fabricated. The density of that composites was 3.96 g/$\textrm{cm}^3$, dielectric constant was 17 and Q. f was 600.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2016

Rice cultivation in paddy field affects the global balance of methane ($CH_4$) as a key greenhouse gas. To evaluate a potential use of by-product gypsum fertilizer (BGF) in reducing $CH_4$ emission from paddy soil, $CH_4$ fluxes from a paddy soil applied with BGF different levels (0, 2, 4 and $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$) were investigated by closed-chamber method during rice cultivation period. $CH_4$ flux significantly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing level of BGF application. $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of BGF addition in soil reduced $CH_4$ flux by 60.6% compared to control. Decreased soil redox potential (Eh) resulted in increasing $CH_4$ emission through a $CO_2$ reduction reaction. The concentrations of dissolved calcium (Ca) and sulfate ion (${SO_4}^{2-}$) in soil pore water were significantly increased as the application rate of BGF increased and showed negatively correlations with $CH_4$ flux. Decreased $CH_4$ flux with BGF application implied that ${SO_4}^{2-}$ ion led to decreases in electron availability for methanogen and precipitation reaction of Ca ion with inorganic carbon including carbonate and bicarbonate as a source of $CH_4$ formation under anoxic condition. BGF application also increased rice grain yield by 16% at $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of BGF addition. Therefore, our results suggest that BGF application can be a good soil management practice to reduce $CH_4$ emission from paddy soil and to increase rice yield.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.115-118
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• 2003

The sensor at liquid nitrogen temperature showed the increase of electrical resistance by applying magnetic field. Actually, the voltage drop across the sensor was changed from zero to a value more than $100\;{\mu}V$ by the applied magnetic field. The change of electrical resistance depended on magnetic field. The sensitivity of this sensor was $2.9\;{\Omega}/T$. The sensing limit was about $1.5{\times}10^{-5}\;T$. The increase of electrical resistance by the magnetic field was ascribed to a modification of the Josephson junctions due to the penetrating magnetic flux into the superconducting material. Considering the observed properties of the superconductor with trapped magnetic flux, a magnetic sensor was fabricated to detect simultaneously both the intensity and the direction of the magnetic field.