• 제목/요약/키워드: $C_L/C_D$

검색결과 4,708건 처리시간 0.063초

어린이 김치 표준화에 대한 연구 -어린이 김치에 적합한 고추가루- (A Study on the Standardization of Kimchi for the Children -The Proper Red Pepper Powder for Children대s Kimchi-)

  • 송영옥;빈성미;문정원
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.893-898
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    • 1996
  • 어린이 김치 표준화의 일환으로 어린이 김치의 기호에 큰 영향을 미치는 고추가루의 적합한 선정을 위해 경상도 일대에서 생산되어 시판되고 있는 4종류(A, B, C, D)의 고추가루에 대해 고추가루의 일반성분 및 색도, capsaicinoid류 및 당 함량 등을 분석하였고 이들 고추가루로 담근 김치에 대한 관능검사를 행하였다. 4종류의 시판되고 있는 고추가루의 일반 성분은 수분이 11.59~13.48%, 조지질이 7.59~8.39%, 조회분이 4.34~7.45% 로 나타났다. 고추가루의 색깔에 있어서 Hunter 색차계로서 측정된 적색도 a값, 황색도 b값은 A고추가루가 가장 우수했으며, 밝기를 나타내는 ASTA color값은 A(178.20)>C(142.80)>B(114.28)>D(98.06) 고추가루 순으로서 역시 A고추가루가 가장 우수하였다. 고추가루의 매운맛을 나타내는 capsaicinoids에 있어서 capsaicin 함량은 D고추가루가, dihydrocapsaicin은 C고추가루가 가장 높았다. 또한 capsaicin dihydrocapsaicin에 각각 1 : 0.6의 가중치를 주어 산출된 capsaicin equivalent 는 D>C>A>B고추가루 순이었다. 고추가루의 유리당 함량은 주된 성분인 과당, 포도당 모두 B>A>D>C고추가루 순이었고 서당은 A>D>C>B 고추가루 순이었다. 총 당 함량 역시 B고추가루가 16.81%로서 다른 제품에 비해 가장 높았다. 한편 4종의 고추가루를 달리하여 담근 김치에 대한 관능검사 결과 색깔 면에서 발효기간 전반에 걸쳐 A고추가루가 가장 우수하였고 종합적인 맛에 있어서도 가장 좋은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 A고추가루로 담은 김치는 초등학생들의 관능검사 결과 현재의 초등학교 급식김치 보다 색깔을 비롯한 5개 전항목에서 높은 점수를 얻었다(p<0.01). 그리고 이때 사용된 A고추가루의 일반특성은 capsaicin equivalent 24.lsmg%, 총 당 함량 15.79% 그리고 ASTA color값 178.2였다.

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Color alterations of a PMMA resin for fixed interim prostheses reinforced with silica nanoparticles

  • Kotanidis, Alexandros;Kontonasaki, Eleana;Koidis, Petros
    • The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.193-201
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    • 2019
  • PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the color changes of an autopolymerizing PMMA resin used for interim fixed restorations, reinforced with $SiO_2$ nanoparticles. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Silica nanoparticles were blended with the PMMA resin powder through high-energy ball milling. Four shades of PMMA resin were used (A3, B3, C3, D3) and total color differences were calculated through the equations ${\Delta}E_{ab}=[({\Delta}L*)^2+({\Delta}a*)^2+({\Delta}b*)^2]^{1/2}$ and ${\Delta}E_{00}=[(\frac{{\Delta}L^{\prime}}{K_LS_L})^2+(\frac{{\Delta}C^{\prime}}{K_CS_C})^2+(\frac{{\Delta}H^{\prime}}{K_HS_H})^2+R_T(\frac{{\Delta}C^{\prime}}{K_CS_C})(\frac{{\Delta}H^{\prime}}{K_HS_H})]^{1/2}$. Statistically significant differences between ${\Delta}E_{ab}$ and the clinically acceptable values of 3.3 and 2.7 and those between ${\Delta}E_{00}$ and the clinically acceptable value of 1.8 were evaluated with one sample t-test (P<.05). Differences among the different shades were assessed through One-Way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. RESULTS. Significantly lower values were detected for all groups concerning ${\Delta}E_{ab}$ compared to the intraorally clinical acceptable values of 3.3 and 2.7. Significantly lower mean values were detected for groups B3, C3, and D3, concerning ${\Delta}E_{00}$ compared to the intraorally clinical acceptant value of 1.8. Color pigments in red-brown (A3) and red-grey (D3) shades affect the total color change to a greater extent after the reinforcement with $SiO_2$ nanoparticles compared to the red-yellow (B3) shade. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be suggested that reinforcing PMMA with $SiO_2$ nanoparticles at 0.25 wt% slightly affects the optical properties of the PMMA resin without being clinically perceivable.

Chirobiotic® T HPLC 컬럼을 이용한 Tryptophan 이성질체 분리 (Separation of Tryptophan Enantiomers by using Chirobiotic® T HPLC Column)

  • 송성문;랑문정;김인호
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.515-518
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    • 2010
  • $Chirobiotic^{(R)}$ T HPLC 컬럼을 이용하여 D, L-트립토판을 분리하였다. 이동상으로 메탄올과 증류수를 각각 70/30, 80/20, 90/10의 비율로 사용하고 체류시간을 비교하기 위해 온도를 25, 40, $55^{\circ}C$로 변화시켰다. 이동상 조성비를 변화시켜 D-트립토판과 L-트립토판의 체류시간 차이를 조사하였다. 선택도와 분리도, 컬럼의 효율성을 체류시간 관점에서 계산하여 최적의 분리 조건을 찾는 실험을 하였다. 이동상에서 메탄올의 양이 감소함에 따라 트립토판 체류시간이 짧아지고, 컬럼의 온도가 증가함에 따라 체류시간도 감소한다. 메탄올과 증류수의 비가 70/30일 때와 온도가 $25^{\circ}C$일 때 가장 좋은 선택도와 분리도를 얻었다.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Hydrolysates of Domestic and Imported Skim Milk Powders Treated with Papain

  • Ha, Go Eun;Chang, Oun Ki;Han, Gi Sung;Ham, Jun Sang;Park, Beom-Young;Jeong, Seok-Geun
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.360-369
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    • 2015
  • Milk proteins have many potential sequences within their primary structure, each with a specific biological activity. In this study, we compared and investigated the bioactivities of hydrolysates of the domestic (A, B) and imported (C, D) skim milk powders generated using papain digestion. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that all milk powder proteins were intact, indicating no autolysis. Electrophoretic analysis of hydrolysates showed papain treatment caused degradation of milk proteins into peptides of various size. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates, determined using 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and total phenolic contents (TPC) assays, increased with incubation times. In all skim milk powders, the antioxidant activities of hydrolysates were highest following 24 h papain treatment (TPC: A, 196.48 μM GE/L; B, 194.52 μM GE/L; C, 194.76 μM GE/L; D, 163.75 μM GE/L; ABTS: A, 75%; B, 72%; C, 72%; D, 57%). The number of peptide derived from skim milk powders, as determined by LC-MS/MS, was 308 for A, 283 for B, 208 for C, and 135 for D. Hydrolysate A had the highest antioxidant activity and the most potential antioxidant peptides amongst the four skim milk powder hydrolysates. A total of 4 β-lactoglobulin, 4 αs1-casein, and 56 β-casein peptide fragments were identified as potential antioxidant peptides in hydrolysate A by LC-MS/MS. These results suggest that domestic skim milk could have applications in various industries, i.e., in the development of functional foods.

Alpha feto protein(AFP)검사 키트의 유효성 평가실험 (Evaluation of the Kit's Efficiency of Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) Test)

  • 조현수;노경운;유태민
    • 핵의학기술
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.101-104
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    • 2018
  • Purpose Alpha fetoprotein(AFP) is a fetal serum protein that increases in germ cell tumors derived from liver cancer or egg yolk. AFP test has been used for screening of liver cancer, determination of tumor stage, determination of therapeutic effect, and fetal congenital malformations. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the four kits, identify the advantages and disadvantages of each kit, and select the appropriate kits for our laboratory. Materials and Methods Blood samples were obtained from 89 patients attending the Seoul national university hospital. Experiments were carried out in accordance with manufacturer's instructions of four companies(A, B, C, D). The precision, recovery, linearity, and sensitivity test were performed for each kit. Results In case of the precision within the measurement, the CV value of the C kit was less than 5% at the low, middle, and high concentrations. The A, B and D kit's the CV value was less than 5% at the concentrations except the low concentration. The recovery rates of the A, B, C, and D kits were $100{\pm}15%$, $100{\pm}30%$, $100{\pm}16%$ and $100{\pm}14%$, respectively. All kits showed good linearity. Sensitivity was measured as 0.5 IU/mL for A, 0.4 IU/mL for B, 0.98 IU/mL for C, and 0.3 IU/mL for D. Conclusion The CV values of the four kits were within 10%, and the correlation coefficients were close to 1 for $R^2=0.978$, $R^2=0.992$ and $R^2=0.8957$. As a result, they are clinically available. Therefore, each laboratory should select the appropriate kit for their experiment's environment.

마이크로웨이브 플라즈마에 의한 메탄의 C2+계 탄화수소로의 전환반응에 관한 연구 (A Study on Conversion of Methane to C2+ Hydrocarbons by a Microwave Plasma)

  • 조원일;백영순;방효선;김영채;문세기
    • 공업화학
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.94-100
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    • 1998
  • 천연가스의 주성분인 메탄의 마이크로웨이브 플라즈마 촉매반응에 의한 C2+ 탄화수소로의 전환반응을 고찰하였다. 플라즈마 출력의 증가(40~120 watt)와 유량이 감소(40~5mL/min)함에 따라서 메탄의 C2+ 생성물로의 전환율을 29.2%에서 42.2%로 향상되었으며, 촉매를 플라즈마와 함계 사용하여 에틸렌과 아세틸렌의 선택도를 향상시키는 동시에 높은 전환율을 유지할 수 있다. 실험에 사용한 여러 촉매중에는 Fe계의 촉매가 가장 높은 에틸렌의 선택도(30%)를 나타내었다. 실제 천연가스의 전환실험에서는 C2+ 생성물의 수율이 33.3%에서 46%의 범위를 보였다. 순수한 메탄이 원료였을 때 보다 높은 C2+ 수율이 얻어진 것은 천연가스가 메탄 보다 반응성이 높은 성분인 에탄과 프로판등을 함유하고 있기 때문으로 생각된다.

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Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Decreases NMDA-Induced Elevations of Extracellular Glutamate and Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ Levels Via a cGMP-Independent Mechanism in Cerebellar Granule Neurons

  • Oh, Sei-Kwan;Yun, Bong-Sik;Ryoo, In-Ja;Patrick P.McCaslin;Yoo, Ick-Dong
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.48-54
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    • 1999
  • These studies were designed to examine the differential effect of nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP on glutamate neurotransmission. In primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells, the glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) stimulates the elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), the release of glutamate, the synthesis of NO and an increase of cGMP. Although NO has been shown to stimulate guanylyl cyclase, it is unclear yet whether NO alters the NMDA-induced glutamate release and ${[Ca^{2+}]}_i$ elevation. We showed that the NO synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), partially prevented the NMDA-induced release of glutamate and elevation of ${[Ca^{2+}]}_i$ and completely blocked the elevation of cGMP. These effects of NO on glutamate release and [Ca2+]i elevation were unlikely to be secondary to cGMP as the cGMP analogue, dibutyryl cGMP (dBcGMP), did not suppress the effects of NMDA. Rather, dBcGMP slightly augmented the NMDA-induced elevation of ${[Ca^{2+}]}_i$ with no change in the basal level of glutamate or ${[Ca^{2+}]}_i$. The extracellular NO scavenger hydroxocobalamine prevented the NMDA-induced release of glutamate providing indirect evidence that the effect of NO may act on the NMDA receptor. These results suggest that low concentration of NO has a role in maintaining the NMDA receptor activation in a cGMP-independent manner.

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한국에 있어서 지자기 영년변화의 측정 (Measurement of Archaeomagnetic Secular Variation in Korea)

  • 성형미
    • 한국제4기학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2002
  • 우리나라 남부지방의 28기 유구의 소토에서 정방위시료를 채취하여 고고지자기 측정법으로 우리나라에서의 과거 지자기 방향을 구하였다. 이 자료의 연대는 A.D. 3∼9세기, A.D. 1317년, A.D. 15∼16세기에 걸쳐있다. A.D. 5∼6세기의 우리나라 지자기 방향은 같은 시기 일본의 지자기 방향과 매우 유사하나, A.D. 3∼4세기의 우리나라 지자기 방향은 같은 시기의 일본의 지자기 방향보다 크게 동쪽으로 편향하고 있었다. 이러한 차이는 A.D. 3∼4 세기경에 우리나라와 일본 부근에 현저한 국가적 지자기 이상이 있었음을 의미한다. A.D. 3∼6세기와 A.D. 7∼9세기의 우리나라 지자기영년변화곡선의 개형이 구해졌으며, 이것을 사용하여 유물이 출토되지 않아 연대를 알 수 없는 유적에서 소토를 이용하여 대략의 연대치를 측정할 수 있다.

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The High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of l0wt%$Gd_2 O_3$- Doped $UO_2$

  • J.H. Yang;K.W. Kang;Kim, K.S.;K.W. Song;Kim, J.H.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.307-314
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    • 2001
  • The changes of weight gain, structure, morphology and uranium oxidation states in l0wt% G $d_2$ $O_3$-doped U $O_2$ during the oxidation below 475$^{\circ}C$ and heat treatment at 130$0^{\circ}C$ in air were investigated using TGA, XRD, SEM, EPMA and XPS. The room temperature ( $U_{0.86}$G $d_{0.14}$) $O_2$Cubic Phase Converted to highly distorted ( $U_{0.86}$G $d_{0.14}$)$_3$ $O_{8}$ -type sing1e Phase by oxidation at 475 $^{\circ}C$ in air. This oxidized phase was reduced by annealing at 130$0^{\circ}C$ in air. The room temperature XRD pattern of the 130$0^{\circ}C$ annealed powder revealed that ( $U_{0.86}$G $d_{0.14}$)$_3$ $O_{8}$ -type single phase was separated into Gd-depleted $U_3$ $O_{8}$ and Gd-enriched ( $U_{0.7}$G $d_{0.3}$) $O_2$$_{+x}$ type cubic phase. The reduction and phase separation by the high temperature annealing of kinetically metastable and highly deformed ( $U_{0.86}$G $d_{0.14}$)$_3$ $O_{8}$ -type phase are interpreted in terms of cation size difference between G $d^3$$^{+}$ and U according to the oxidation state of U.U.U.U.U.te of U.U.U.U.U.

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