• 제목/요약/키워드: $C_{22}H_{13}N_3$

검색결과 118건 처리시간 0.026초

청겨자채 추출물의 뇌조직 내 Oxidative Stree 억제활성물질의 동정 (Isolation an Identification of the Active Compounds from Green Mustard Leaves against Oxidative Stress in Bovine Brain Tissue)

  • 이근종;김미리;심재석;황재관
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.943-948
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    • 2001
  • 마우스 뇌조직에서 지질과산화를 막아주는 것으로 알려진 청겨자채에 대해서 50%MeOH 추출물(2mg/mL)을 사용하여 소 뇌조직의 산화적스트레스를 유발한 ascorbate/Fe$^{3+}$ system에서 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 청겨자채 추출물의 용매순차추출 후 TBARS 활성을 각각 용매 분획(100)$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)별로 확인한 결과 각각의 용매 분획 중 n-BiOH 분획 (49%)이 가장 높았고, EtOAc(40%), H$_{2}$O(9%) 및 n-hexane (0%) 순이었다. n-BuOH 분획을 silica gel column chroma-tography를 반복하였으며, CE, TLC를 통해서 sinapic acid와 ferulic acid를 확인하였다. CE를 통하여 그 함량을 정량한 결과, 건조중량(g)당 sinapic acid는 24.3 ppm 이었고 ferulic acid는 42.8 ppm으로 나타났다. 최종 정제활성물질을 $^{1}$J-NMR(CDCL$_{3}$)와 $^{13}$C-NMR(CDCL$_{3}$)로 확인하였으며 sinapic acid methyl ester, ferulic acid acid와 ferulic acid와 RF치가 일치하는지 여부를 TLC상에서 비교하였다. 동일한 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL 농도에서 sinapic acid methyl ester는 40%, ferulic acid methyl ester 는 35%의 항산화 활성을 나타내었으며 이것은 시판되는 표준물질은 sinapic acid(22%)와 ferulic acid (18%)에 비해 약간 높게 나타났다. 이것은이 화합물에 라디칼을 소거하는 작용기와 관계가 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 청겨자채 추출물 중에도 항산화 활성이 비교적 널리 분포된 것으로 보아 이 성분들은 체내에서 단독으로 또는 상호작용으로 항산화 작용을 나타낼 것으로 예상된다.

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오디(Mulberry) 추출물의 성분분석 및 생리활성에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Chemical Constituents Biological Activities of Mulberry Extracts)

  • 이상극;이학주;강하영;최돈하;조현진;이태성
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.105-113
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    • 2009
  • 동결 오디(Mulberry) 10 kg을 80% 에탄올(EtOH)로 추출하고 분획깔때기 상에서 헥산(n-hexane), 에틸아세테이트(EtOAc) 및 물 가용부로 분획하였다. 에틸아세테이트 가용부(22 g)를 Sephadex LH-20으로 충진한 칼럼에서 MeOH-$H_2O$ (2 : 1~1 : 3, v/v)을 용출용매로 사용하여 칼럼크로마토그래피를 실시하였다. 단리된 화합물들은 셀룰로오스 박층크로마토그래피(TLC)로 확인한 후 $^1H-$, $^{13}C$-NMR 등의 스펙트럼을 사용하여 정확한 구조를 구명하였고 FAB 및 EI-MS로써 분자량을 측정하였다. 오디의 에틸아세테이트 가용부에서 quercetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (화합물 1), protocatechuic acid (화합물 2), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (화합물 3)을 단리할 수 있었다. 항산화 시험 결과 에틸아세테이트와 물 가용부에서 BHT보다 우수한 활성을 나타내었으며 MTT assay에 의한 세포생존율 측정결과 세포독성은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 미백활성 및 항암활성은 낮았지만 세포신장 효과가 우수하여 주름개선 화장품 소재로서 충분히 이용 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되어 진다.

Net Portal Fluxes of Nitrogen Metabolites in Holstein Steers Fed Diets Containing Different Dietary Ratios of Whole-crop Corn Silage and Alfalfa Hay

  • EL-Sabagh, M.;Imoto, S.;Yukizane, K.;Yokotani, A.;Sugino, T.;Obitsu, T.;Taniguchi, K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.371-377
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    • 2009
  • The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of different dietary ratios of whole-crop corn silage and alfalfa hay on nitrogen (N) digestion, duodenal flow and metabolism across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) of growing beef steers, and to elucidate their relationships. Four steers (236${\pm}$7 kg BW) fitted with duodenal cannulae and chronic indwelling catheters into the portal and mesenteric veins and abdominal aorta were used in a 4${\times}$4 Latin square design. Animals were fed (at 12-h intervals) the 4 diets consisting of whole-crop corn silage (C) and alfalfa hay (A) in 80:20 (C8A2), 60:40 (C6A4), 40:60 (C4A6) and 20:80 (C2A8) ratios of which dietary crude protein (CP) was 10.5, 12.0, 13.5 and 15.0% of dry matter (DM), respectively. Feeding level was restricted to 95% of ad libitum intake to measure N digestion, blood flow and net flux of N across the PDV. Digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber and digestible energy intake linearly increased as the ratio of alfalfa hay increased. The N intake, duodenal flow and intestinal disappearance increased linearly with increasing alfalfa hay. Arterial and portal concentrations of ${\alpha}$-amino N showed a quadratic response to increasing levels of alfalfa hay and were the highest in steers fed the C6A4 diet. The net PDV release of ${\alpha}$-amino N and ammonia N increased linearly with increasing alfalfa hay, but urea N uptake by PDV did not differ among diets. As a percentage of apparently digested N in the total gut, net PDV release of ${\alpha}$-amino N linearly decreased from 66 to 48% with increasing alfalfa hay. Conversely, net PDV recovery of ${\alpha}$-amino N to intestinal N disappearance varied with increasing alfalfa hay accounting for 49, 50, 58 and 61% on C8A2, C6A4, C4A6 and C2A8 diets, respectively. Net PDV uptake of urea N, relative to apparently digested N, linearly decreased from 81 to 25% as alfalfa hay increased from 20 to 80% of DM intake. Considering PDV uptake of urea N, microbial efficiency and conversion of total tract digested N to PDV ${\alpha}$-amino N net supply, a diet consisting of 80% whole-crop corn silage and 20% alfalfa hay (10.5% CP) was the best, while considering the quantities of intestinal N disappearance and ${\alpha}$-amino N absorption, a diet of 20% whole-crop corn silage and 80% alfalfa hay (15% CP) would be preferred. The proportion of ${\alpha}$-amino N recovered by PDV relative to the intestinal N disappearance may vary with energy intake level of mixed forage diets.

흰쥐 자궁에서의 Cytosolic Progesterone 수용체 측정에 관한 연구 (Determination of Potimal Conditions for Cytosolic Progesterone Receptor Assay in Rat Uterus)

  • 박찬규;박기현;서경;이건수;윤미정;유경자
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.187-193
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    • 1986
  • The purpose of this study was to establish optimal conditions for progesterone receptor assay using rat uterus, therby applying this system to understand action mechanism of progesterone in female reproductive organ and to evaluate physiological and pathological conditions in female reproduction. The results obtained were as follows 1. $^3H-R5020$ seemed to be more stable than 3H-progesterone as a ligand. 2. Optimal incubation time for ligand and receptor binding was 4-5 hrs at $4^{\circ}C$. 3. For the separation of bond and free ligand, optimal charcoal incubation time was 20 mins. 4. 2-3 mg cytosolic protein/ml was optimal for the binding of ligand. 5. Endogenous progesterone did not influence binding of ligand and receptor unless endogenous progesterone levels were extremely high as in case of pregnancy. 6. Dissociation rate for progesterone receptor was 1.22 nM. 7. $^3H-R5020$ did not bind to corticoid binding globulin (CBG), suggesting that addition of cortisol is saturate CBG was, not necessary as far as $^3H-R5020$ was used as a radioligand. It is, therefore, considered that this assay system established with these conditions might be used for the research as well as clinical routine purposes.

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압전소자를 이용한 에너지 수확에 관한 연구 (A Study on Energy Harvesting Technique using Piezoelectric Element)

  • 윤소남;김동건
    • 동력기계공학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 2009
  • This paper presents the energy harvesting technique which is carried out by vibration system with a piezoelectric element. In this study, low frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric element bonded to the aluminum cantilever were experimentally investigated. The piezoelectric element of size of $45L{\times}11W{\times}0.6H$ and piezoelectric constant($d_{31}$ ) of $-180{\times}10^{-12}C/N$ was used. The material of cantilever is an aluminum and two kinds of cantilever of which dimensions are (150, 190)$[mm]{\times}13[mm]{\times}1.5[mm]$ were experimented, respectively. The cantilever was fixed on the magnetic type vibrator and the vibrator was operated by power input with a sine wave. The characteristics of requency and mass variation of cantilever end part such as 0, 2.22, 4.34, 5.87, 8.66, 11.01 [g] were investigated. Finally, this paper suggests a method of generating electrical energy with a piezoelectric element using wind, an energy source that is easily applied and from which we can obtain "clean" energy.

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하계 제주도 동.서해역 해수의 특성과 일주 변화 (Diurnal Change and Characteristics in the Eastern and the Western Sea Waters around Jeju Islang in Summer)

  • 조인숙;최영찬;고유봉
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.179-185
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    • 2001
  • To investigate daily variations of water mass distribution in the west and the east parts of Jeju Island, we implemented observations from June 20 to 22, 1997. (The results are as follows : Temperatures in the east and the west were similar in the surface, but $15.02^{\circ}C$ and $13.8^{\circ}C$ in the bottom, respectively.) In the east and west, the surface and the deep salinities are 33.81, 33.34 and 34.33, 34.11 respectively. The east shows higher temperature and salinity than the west. The distributions of nitrate in the east and the west were very similar in the surface regions.(In the deep regions, however, the east shows higher than the west.) The east shows higher phosphates than the west both in surface and deep regions. The silicate had similar distributions to nitrate. Chlorophyll-a of the west was twice higher than that of the east. The daily variations of temperature and salinity were largest at 30m depth, and pH was not much changed in the depth and the pH in day was higher than that at night. The variations of nutrients were much changed in the depth, and nitrate and phosphate at night were higher than those in day. Daily variations of silicate, however, was not much changed in the observation times. Ratio of N/P in the east and the west were 13 and 16, respectively, so that the west was higher than the east. However the ratios were two times higher both in the east and the west in day, when planktons are more active than at night. Si/P ratio showed little different between day and night and between surface and deep regions. The correlation of nitrogen and phosphorus was high (plus relation), and the correlation of AOU, nitrogen and phosphorus was high(plus relation) in the east, however, not high in the west.

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Loop와 HPLC Purification 방법보다 더 높은 비방사능을 보여주는 카트리지 Methylation과 Purification을 이용한 손쉬운 [ 11C]PIB 합성 (Facile [11C]PIB Synthesis Using an On-cartridge Methylation and Purification Showed Higher Specific Activity than Conventional Method Using Loop and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Purification)

  • 이용석;조용현;이홍재;이윤상;정재민
    • 핵의학기술
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2018
  • $[^{11}C]PIB$는 베타아밀로이드($A{\beta}\;plague$)라는 변성 단백질에 결합하여 뇌의 기능과 기억력을 서서히 감퇴시키는 비가역적인 질환인 치매를 조기에 감별할 수 있는 대표적인 방사성의약품이다. 지금까지 많은 실험실에서 $[^{11}C]PIB$는 자동화합성장치에서 $[^{11}C]methyl\;iodide$$[^{11}C]methyl\;triflate$를 만든 다음 loop나 vial 방법을 사용하여 methylation을 한 다음 HPLC로 정제를 하는 것이다. 하지만 기존의 보고된 방법은 시간이 오래 걸리며, HPLC와 같은 복잡한 시스템을 필요로 하여 소규모 실험실에서 합성하기에 적합하지 않으며, 최종 product에서 에탄올 함량이 높다는 단점이 있었다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 카트리지만을 사용하여 카트리지에서 methylation과 purification을 동시에 실시함으로써 합성 시간을 단축하고, 비방사능이 높고, 낮은 에탄올 함량을 가진 $[^{11}C]PIB$를 합성 가능한지 확인하고자 하였다. 가장 널리 사용하는 카트리지 6종(CM, HLB, Alumina, C18, tC18, tC18 environmental을 선택하여 screening test를 실시하였다. 6-OH-BTA-0 1 mg을 c-HXO에 녹인 다음 6개의 카트리지에 loading를 한 다음 0.5 M MSP(pH 5.1) 20 mL로 정제를 한 다음 최종 fraction을 받아서 analytical HPLC로 전구체 잔류량을 측정한 결과 hydrophobicity가 낮은 계열(CM, HLB, Alumina)의 카트리지에서는 완충액으로 정제를 하였을 때 잔류전구체의 양이 많았으나, 탄소함량이 많은 계열의 카트리지(C18, tC18, tC18 environmental)에서는 잔류전구체의 양이 CM, HLB, Alumina 카트리지에 비하여 상대적으로 적었다. 완충액의 정제 농도와 부피를 최적화 하기 위하여 screening test에서 가장 좋은 결과를 나타낸 C18 series cartridge를 가지고 추가 실험을 진행하였다. 인산완충액 농도를 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM, 40 mM, 50 mM, 250 mM, 500 mM로 변화시켰으며, 에탄올 함량은 20%와 30%로 하여 용출액을 분석하여서, $[^{11}C]PIB$를 카트리지로 합성하기 위한 최적의 조합은 tC18 environmental cartridge와 0.5 M MSP 20 mL인 것을 알 수 있었다. 기존에 보고된 방법과 cartridge를 비교한 결과, 합성시간에서는 각각 15 ~ 18min, 8 ~ 9 min이 소요되었으며, product activity는 각각 $4.1{\pm}1.4\;GBq$ (n=41), $3.8{\pm}0.9\;GBq$ (n=3), 방사화학적 수율(based on HPLC analysis of the crude product)에서는 $13.9{\pm}4.4%$ (n=41), $12.3{\pm}2.2%$ (n=3)로 별다른 차이가 없었으며, 비방사능에 있어서는 HPLC purification method가 $78.7{\pm}39.7\;GBq/{\mu}mol$ (n=41), cartridge method가 $420.6{\pm}20.4\;GBq/{\mu}mol$ (n=3)로 카트리지 방법이 기존 방법보다 더 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 또한, 잔류 용매(c-HXO)도 vial or loop method와 별다른 차이가 없었으며, 에탄올 함량에 있어서는 70%(기존 방법)에서 30%(카트리지 방법)로 두 배 이상 함량이 적다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 지금까지 알아본바와 같이 cartridge method는 reported method(HPLC purification)에 비하여 더 향상된 결과를 보여준다는 사실을 확인하였다.

주암호 조류 분포의 계절별 변화에 관한 연구 (Studies on Seasonal Variation of Algae Distribution in the Chuam Reservoir)

  • 정진;조영관;김종선;이진종
    • 환경위생공학
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 1998
  • Seasonal variation of algae distribution were studied in the Chuam reservoir from August 1996 to July 1997. As a result, 127 taxa were observed, representing 6 classes, 14 orders, 5 suborders, 29 families, 2 subfamilies, 54 genus, 118 species, 7 variaties and 2 formula. The majors of them are Chlorophyceae (59 taxa), Bacillariophyceae(39 taxa) and Cyanophyceae(20 taxa). The number of species was that 35 and 31 taxa were occurred in August 1996 and April 1997, 11 and 17 taxa in July 1997 and October 1996 respectively at Dam station, 53 taxa were occurred in September, 18 taxa in November at Munduck station. The biomass composition of occurrence species were as fallowes; Cyanophyceae are 80%, Bacillariophyceae 14% and Chlorophyceae 5% at Dam station and Cyanophyceae are 90%, Bacillariophyceae 1.3% and Chlorophyceae 0.4% at Munduck at Munduk station. At Munduk station, water bloom occurred by Cyanophyceae(99.9%, 3.7 $\times$ 10$^{7}$ cells/L) in November 1996 and the major causing algae was Microcrystis aeruginosa. Microcystis aeruginosa was dominant species (dominant index : 0.72 - 0.99) during summer and autumn, Fragilaria crotonensis and Asterionella formasa (DI : 0.33 - 0.74) during winter and spring. The water quality factors of the Chuam reservoir were that the values of water temperature ranged of 3.6 - 31.4$\circ$C, pH 6.7 - 9.0, conductivity 69.6-118.2 $\mu $s/cm, and turbidity 1.0-22.5 NTU, and the proper temperature of water for algae growth was 15 and 16.7$\circ $C in April and November. Also the concentration of dissolved oxygen(DO) ranged of 6.8-15.5mg/L, total nitrogen(T-N) 0.54-1.78 mg/L, total phosphrous (T-P) 0.003-0.034 mg/L, and chlorophyll-a 0.9-23.2mg/m$^{3}$. The concentration of Chlorophyll-a was in inverse proportion T-N/T-P ratio.

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Assessing the EORTC QLQ-BM22 Module Using Rasch Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis across Countries: a Comprehensive Psychometric Evaluation in Patients with Bone Metastases

  • Lin, Chung-Ying;Pakpour, Amir H
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.1405-1410
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    • 2016
  • Background: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Bone Metastases Module (EORTC QLQ-BM22) is a recently designed supplement to EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Additional psychometric properties, especially using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the Rasch model, are warranted. Materials and Methods: A total of 573 patients with bone metastases were enrolled from eight countries with a mean${\pm}$SD age of $55.8{\pm}13.7years$. Slightly more than two thirds of them were female (n=383; 66.8%). CFA was used to examine the BM22 framework; Rasch models were applied to understand misfit items and differential item functioning (DIF). Results: The fit indices were satisfactory in CFA (comparative fit index=0.972, Tucker-Lewis index=0.964, root mean square error of approximation=0.076, and standardized root mean square residual=0.045). All items fit well in the Rasch models (mean square values were between 0.5 and 1.5), and only one item (number 17) displayed DIF across gender. However, there were six DIF items across Canada and Taiwan, ten across Canada and Iran, and six across Taiwan and Iran. Conclusions: The BM22 has satisfactory psychometric properties, and could assess the QoL of patients with bone metastases specifically focusing on their symptoms. Clinicians may want to use it to capture the underlying QoL for patients with bone metastases. However, the score of item 17 should be interpreted with caution when comparing male and female patients. In addition, researchers should note that variation in DIF items may occur when conducting an international study.

홍화종자에서 항산화성 Serotonin계 화합물, N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin과 N-feruoylserotonin의 분리 및 정량분석 (Determination and Isolation of Antioxidative Serotonin Derivatives, N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin and N-feruoylserotonin from Safflower Seeds)

  • 이강수;김윤희;정남진
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.171-178
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    • 2008
  • 홍화종자의 메탄올 추출물에서 preparative HPLC($\mu$-Bondapak $C_{18}$ column($7.8{\times}300mm$) 분석을 통하여 DPPH radical 소거 활성도가 높은 두 종류의 항산화 물질(CA와 CB)을 확인하였다. 확인된 항산화물질의 대량 추출을 위하여 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate 그리고 butanol 등의 유기용매를 이용하였으며 이 중 ethyl acetate 분획에서 DPPH radical 소거 활성이 높은 물질이 추출되었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물을 silica gel chlomatography하여 CA와 CB를 분리하였고, $^1H$-NMR과 $^{13}C$-NMR 분석에 의하여 CA는 N-(p-Coumaroyl) serotonin, 그리고 CB는 N-feruoylserotonin으로 동정되었다. 홍화종자에서 N-(p-Coumaroyl) serotonin과 N-feruoylserotonin의 함량을 $\mu$-Bondapak $C_{18}$ column($3.9{\times}300\;mm$)으로 300nm에서 acetonitrile의 용매로 10%에서 분석을 시작하여 30분 동안 50%까지 기울기 모드로 분석한 결과 N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin의 함량은 4.11 mg/gDW, N-feruoylserotonin의 함량은 7.29 mg/gDW이었으며, 이 두 가지 항산화 물질은 모두 종자껍질에서만 추출되었다.