• Title/Summary/Keyword: $CO_2$emission rate

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Calculation of CO2 Emission for Fossil-Fired Thermal Power Plant considering Coal-Oil Mix Rate (혼소율을 고려한 화력 발전소의 CO2 대기배출량 계산)

  • Lee, Sang-Joong;Kim, Soon-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.24 no.10
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2010
  • G8 summit meeting held in July 2008 decided to set up a long-term goal, by 2050, reducing the world greenhouse emissions by half of those emitted in 1990. In November 2009, the Government announced to reduce the national $CO_2$ emission by 30[%] of BAU by 2020. Electric power industries in Korea produce most of their electricity by burning fossil fuels, and emit approximately 28[%] of national $CO_2$ emissions. Monitoring the $CO_2$ emissions. Monitoring the $CO_2$ emission of electric power plants is very important. This paper presents a method to calculate the hourly $CO_2$ emission for a thermal power plant burning mixture of coal and oil using the performance test data and coal-oil mix rate. An example of $CO_2$ emission calculation is also demonstrated.

A study on the environmental load of office buildings in Seoul (서울지역 사무소 건물의 환경부하에 관한 연구)

  • 이상형;이윤규;양관섭;안태경;이승언;박효순
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.244-249
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    • 1999
  • This study is to examine the emission rate of $CO_2$gas as the environmental load in office buildings. After the investigation of monthly consumption of each energy source(electricity and natural gas), it is analyzed that the $CO_2$emission rate of 34 office buildings surveyed is 22.4kg-$c/m^2$.year, which consists of 17.5kg-$c/m^2$.year by consuming electricity, and 4.9kg-$c/m^2$.year by consuming natural gas. And the $CO_2$emission rate of each load in those buildings consists of 68% emitted by general electricity, 16% by cooling load and 16% by heating load. It is also proposed that the $CO_2$emission rate of cooling and heating load is profoundly pertinent to the variation of outdoor temperature.

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Kinetic Responses of Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission to Increasing Urea Application Rate

  • Lee, Sun-Il;Lim, Sang-Sun;Lee, Kwang-Seung;Kwak, Jin-Hyeob;Jung, Jae-Woon;Ro, Hee-Myoung;Choi, Woo-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2011
  • BACKGROUND: Application of urea may increase $CO_2$ emission from soils due both to $CO_2$ generation from urea hydrolysis and fertilizer-induced decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing urea application on $CO_2$ emission from soil and mineralization kinetics of indigenous SOC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Emission of $CO_2$ from a soil amended with four different rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 mg N/kg soil) of urea was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment for 110 days. Cumulative $CO_2$ emission ($C_{cum}$) was linearly increased with urea application rate due primarily to the contribution of urea-C through hydrolysis to total $CO_2$ emission. First-order kinetics parameters ($C_0$, mineralizable SOC pool size; k, mineralization rate) became greater with increasing urea application rate; $C_0$ increased from 665.1 to 780.3 mg C/kg and k from 0.024 to 0.069 $day^{-1}$, determinately showing fertilizer-induced SOC mineralization. The relationship of $C_0$ (non-linear) and k (linear) with urea-N application rate revealed different responses of $C_0$ and k to increasing rate of fertilizer N. CONCLUSION(s): The relationship of mineralizable SOC pool size and mineralization rate with urea-N application rate suggested that increasing N fertilization may accelerate decomposition of readily decomposable SOC; however, it may not always stimulate decomposition of non-readily decomposable SOC that is protected from microbial decomposition.

CO2 Emission Considering Condition of Vehicle Acceleration (차량 가속특성에 따른 이산화탄소(CO2) 배출량 비교)

  • Joo, Jin Yun;Oh, Heung Un
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2015
  • PURPOSES : The present study aims to evaluate the added $CO_2$ emissions incurred from accelerating operation when to increase the speed up to the allowed level. METHODS : The methodology used are basically the relationship between emission rates and vehicle speeds or acceleration rate. These rates together are used to calculate the added $CO_2$ emissions incurred from accelerating operation. RESULTS : It was resulted that the all the emission rates are increasing proportionally to vehicle speeds or acceleration rates. Additionally, it was also resulted that allowable speeds increasing, the added emission rates are increasing rapidly. CONCLUSIONS : It may be concluded that if the allowable speed ranges are managed, $CO_2$ emissions during vehicle operation are much reduced. From this reason, it was found that the allowable speed during highway design and operation would be much necessary

A Study on The Evaluation Criteria of Carbon Emission and the Development of the Evaluation Method in Apartment House (공동주택을 대상으로 한 탄소배출 평가기준 구축 및 평가방법 개발)

  • Choi, Doo-Sung;Chun, Hung-Chan
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.79-88
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    • 2013
  • This study creates the evaluation criteria to analyze the $CO_2$ emission quantity in the complex of apartment house among domestic buildings and proposes how to calculate the $CO_2$ emission quantity by the only simple information of apartment house. The study shows that in order to create the index of carbon emission evaluation criteria, $CO_2$ emission quantity for its input materials in these 27 apartment houses are 445,412g-$CO_2/m^2$ for apartment building, 474,322g-$CO_2/m^2$ for the basement parking lot, 483,523g-$CO_2/m^2$ for welfare facility, 729,957g-$CO_2/m^2$ for sales facility, 743,560g-$CO_2/m^2$ for other facility, 26,782g-$CO_2/m^2$ for public facility, 43,659g-$CO_2/m^2$ for landscape, 1,113g-$CO_2/m^2$ for indoor facility, 11,251g-$CO_2/m^2$ for outdoor facility and 891g-$CO_2/m^2$ for common temporary based on the average $CO_2$ emission by facility. We can also see the analysis data that in case of using the selected factors only, the rate of error is 7.51% comparing with the emission quantity by using simplified LCA method this study suggests for the whole range of apartment houses and the rate of error is average 3.24% using selective and main materials. And this it is evaluated that we can get the result which is similar to the actual $CO_2$ emission quantity with only the simple information about the apartment house.

Chemical effects of added $CO_{2}$ and $H_{2}O$ to major flame structures and NOx emission characteristics in $CH_4$/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flames (메탄-공기 대향류확산화염에서 $CO_2$$H_2O$의 첨가가 화염구조와 NOx배출특성에 미치는 화학적 영향)

  • Hwang, Dong-Jin;Park, Jeong;Lee, Kyung-Hwan;Keel, Sang-In
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.129-136
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    • 2003
  • Numerical study with momentum-balanced boundary conditions has been conducted to grasp chemical effects of added $CO_{2}$ and $H_{2}O$ to fuel- and oxidizer-sides on flame structure and NO emission behavior in $CH_{4}$/Air counterflow diffusion flames. The dilution with $H_{2}O$ results in significantly higher flame temperatures and NO emission, but dilution with $CO_{2}$ has much more chemical effects than that with $H_{2}O$. Maximum reaction rate of principal chain branching reaction due to chemical effects decreases with added $CO_{2}$. but increases with added $H_{2}O$. The NO emission behavior is closely related to the production rate of OH, CH and N. The OH radical production rate increases with added $H_{2}O$ but those of CH, N decrease. On the other hand the production rates of OR CH and N decrease with added $CO_{2}$. It is found that NO emission behavior is considerably affected by chemical effects of added $CO_{2}$ and $H_{2}O$.

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Effects of the Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CRDI Engine Biodiesel Blended Fuel with and EGR rate (커먼레일 디젤기관에서 바이오디젤 혼합 연료와 EGR율이 연소 및 배기특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Sam-Ki;Choi, Nag-Jung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.3383-3388
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    • 2014
  • An experimental study was performed to compare the characteristics of the combustion pressure and exhaust emissions in the case of using pure diesel when the EGR rate was changed in a CRDI 4-cylinder diesel engine with those using biodiesel blended and pure diesel fuel. In this study, the EGR rate variation were conducted at an engine speed of 2000rpm with fuel with a biodiesel blended rate of 20%. The combustion pressure of the biodiesel blended rate 20% and pure diesel fuels decreased with increasing EGR rate. The IMEP of biodiesel was higher than that of ULSD (Ultra low sulfur diesel). The emission results showed that the NOx emission of biodiesel blended fuel with increasing EGR rate was higher than that of ULSD. In addition, the NOx emission of biodiesel blended and diesel fuel decreased with increasing EGR rate. The CO and soot, $CO_2$ emissions increased with increasing EGR rate, and the CO and soot emissions from the biodiesel blended fuel were lower than that of ULSD but the $CO_2$ emissions were higher.

Computational Study of the Mild Combustion and Pollutant Emission Characteristics in Wall-confined Jet (벽면으로 둘러싸인 제트 유동장에서의 마일드연소 및 오염물질 배출특성에 관한 전산해석 연구)

  • Song, Keum Mi;Oh, Chang Bo
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2012.04a
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    • pp.263-266
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    • 2012
  • The characteristics of mild combustion and pollutant emission were investigated computationally with supplied air stream temperature and dilution rate in jet flame. The air was diluted with main combustion products. As dilution rate increased at fixed air temperature, the temperature distribution of burner inside was uniformed and the maximum mole fraction of CO and NO was decreased. In addition, emission indices for NO, CO, and $CO_2$ were compared with air temperature and dilution rate.

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Experimental Study on the Oxygen Combustion Characteristics with $CO_2$ Feeding ($CO_2$ 첨가에 따른 순산소 연소기의 연소특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Seo, Jeong-Il;Guahk, Young-Tae;Bae, Soo-Ho;Hong, Jung-Goo;Lee, Uen-Do;Shin, Hyun-Dong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.26-34
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    • 2005
  • The performance of oxygen combustion with $CO_2$ feeding was investigated in a pyrex tube furnace. The inverse type multi-hole burner was used for improving mixing and wide operating range. It introduced oxygen, fuel, and oxygen, respectively, from center tube to outer tubes. Oxygen combustion characteristics with excess oxygen ratio, oxygen feeding ratio, and $CO_2$ feeding flow rate were studied to optimize the operating condition and to apply the oxygen combustion with recirculation of flue gas to a real furnace. This paper presents results on the effect of $CO_2$ feeding flow rate on the structure of the flames and concentrations of NO and CO emissions. The visible flame length was shortest due to well mixing between fuel and oxygen when the oxygen feeding ratio was 0.25. The NO emission was reduced drastically regardless of excess oxygen ratio when the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate was larger than 15 lpm. The CO emission is varied by changing the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate but the CO emission characteristics is highly affected by excess oxygen ratio. When the excess oxygen ratio is below $\lambda=1.1$, the CO emission increased as the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate increased.

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Nationwide Reduction of Primary Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission by PMV Control Considering Individual Metabolic Rate Variations in Apartments (아파트 건물에서 재실자 활동량이 고려된 PMV제어에 따른 연간 국가 차원의 1차 에너지 및 온실가스 감축량 분석)

  • Hong, Sung-Hyup;Do, Sung-Lok;Lee, Kwang Ho
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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    • v.34 no.10
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2018
  • In this study, the effects of considering hourly metabolic rate variations for predicted mean vote (PMV) control on the heating and cooling energy and greenhouse gas emission were investigated. The case adopting PMV control taking the hourly metabolic rate into account was comparatively analyzed against the conventional dry-bulb air temperature control, using a detailed simulation technique. Under the assumption that all the apartments in Korea adopt the PMV control incorporating real-time metabolic rate measurements, nationwide reductions of primary energy and greenhouse gas emission were analyzed. As a result, PMV control considering hourly metabolic rate variations is expected to reduce national primary energy by 6.2% compared to conventional dry-bulb air temperature control, corresponding to reduction of 10,342 GWh. In addition, it turned out that 6.6% of tCO2 emission can be reduced by adopting PMV control, corresponding to nationwide reduction of greenhouse gas emission by approximately 1,720,000 tCO2.