• 제목/요약/키워드: $CO_2$-Acetonitrile

검색결과 96건 처리시간 0.027초

치환 페나실토실레이트류의 가용매 분해반응 (Solvolysis of Substituted Phenacyl Tosylates)

  • 박병수;김성홍;여수동
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.221-226
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    • 1990
  • MeOH-MeCN, $MeOH-Me_2CO의 이성분 혼합용매계에서 치환 페나실토실레이트류의 가용매 분해반응을 55$^{\circ}C$에서 전기 전도도법으로 연구하였다. 기질의 치환기가 전자받개 이거나 전자주개가 모두 페나실토실레이트 보다 반응속도를 증가시켰으며 m-NO_2$의 경우는 80% MeOH-10% MeCN에서 최대 반응속도를 나타내었다. 전이상태 파라미터의 비인 l/m값으로 부터 기질의 치환기가 전자받개에서 전자주개로 변함에 따라 전이상태는 기질과 친핵체의 결합형성이 감소되고, 기질과 이탈기의 결합파괴가 증가되는 dissociative $S_N2$ 반응메카니즘으로 진행됨을 알 수 있었으며 이 결과는 PES모형과 QM해석 방법에 의한 전이상태 구조변화의 논의와도 일치하였다.

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LC-MS Determination and Bioavailability Study of Imidapril Hydrochloride after the Oral Administration of Imidapril Tablets in Human Volunteers

  • Yun Ji Hye;Myung Ja Hye;Kim Hye Jin;Lee Sibeum;Park Jong-Sei;Kim Won;Lee Eun-Hee;Moon Cheol Jin;Hwang Sung-Joo
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.463-468
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of the present study was to develop a standard protocol for imidapril hydrochloride bioequivalence testing. For this reason, a specific LC-MS method was developed and validated for the determination of imidapril in human plasma. A solid-phase extraction cartridge, $Sep-pak^{R}$ C18, was used to extract imidapril and ramipril (an internal standard) from deproteinized plasma. The compounds were separated using a XTerra $MS^{R}$?C18 column ($3.5 {\mu}m, 2.1\times150 mm$) and $acetonitrile-0.1\%$ formic acid (67:33, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.4 by 2 mmol/L ammonium formic acid, as mobile phase at 0.3 mL/min. Imidapril was detected as m/z 406 at a retention time of ca. 2.3 min, and ramipril as m/z 417 at ca. 3.6 min. The described method showed acceptable specificity, linearity from 0.5 to 100 ng/mL, precision (expressed as a relative standard deviation of less than $15\%$), accuracy, and stability. The plasma concentration-versus-time curves of eight healthy male volunteers administered a single dose of imidapril (10 mg), gave an $AUC_{12hr}$ of imidapril of $121.48\pm35.81 ng mL^{-1} h$, and $C_{max} and T_{max}$ values of $32.59\pm9.76 ng/mL and 1.75\pm0.27 h$. The developed method should be useful for the determination of imidapril in plasma with sufficient sensitivity and specificity in bioequivalence study.

Cu(I)hexafluoroacetylacetonate 착화합물들의 전기화학적 성질 (Electrochemical Properties of Cu(I)hexafluoroacetylacetonate)

  • 최용국;정병구;신현국
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제37권9호
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    • pp.806-812
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    • 1993
  • Cu(I)(${\beta}$-diketonate) 착화합물로서 $Cu(I)(hfac)PR_3$(P는 phosphine, R은 Me, Et, Bu를 나타낸다) 착물들을 비수용매에서 유리질 탄소전극과 탄소 microelectrode를 사용하여 이들 착물들의 전기화학적 성질을 조사하였다. 아세토니트릴 용액에서 순환 전압-전류법에 의한 $Cu(I)(hfac)PR_3$ 착물들의 환원과정은 최종생성물이 Cu(0)로 가는 1전자 반응으로 진행되었다. 탄소 microelectrode를 이용한 대시간-전류법에 의해서 이들 착물들이 1전자 반응으로 진행됨을 확인하였으며, 확산계수는 $4.5{\sim}6.7{\times} 10^{-6}cm^2$/sec값으로 나타났다.

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Determination of Buprofezin Residues in Rice and Fruits Using HPLC with LC/MS Confirmation

  • Lee, Young-Deuk;Jang, Sang-Won
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.247-256
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    • 2010
  • A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed to determine buprofezin residues in hulled rice and fruits. The buprofezin residue was extracted with acetone and the extract was stepwise purified by liquid-liquid partition and Florisil column chromatography. For rice samples, acetonitrile/n-hexane partition was additionally employed to remove nonpolar lipids. Reversed phase HPLC using an octadecylsilyl column was successfully applied to separate buprofezin from sample co-extractives, as detected by ultraviolet absorption at 250 nm. Recovery experiment at the limit of quantitation validated that the proposed method could evidently determine the buprofezin residue at the level of 0.02 mg/kg. Mean recoveries from hulled rice, apple, pear, and persimmon samples fortified at three tenfold levels were in the range of 80.8~85.2%, 89.1~98.4%, 88.8~95.7% and 90.8~96.2%, respectively. Relative standard deviations of the analytical method were all less than 5%, irrespective of sample types. A selected-ion monitoring LC/mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization was also provided to sensitively confirm the suspected residue.

Spectral and Mechanistic Investigation of Oxidative Decarboxylation of Phenylsulfinylacetic Acid by Cr(VI)

  • Subramaniam, Perumal;Selvi, Natesan Thamil;Devi, Soundarapandian Sugirtha
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제58권1호
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2014
  • The oxidative decarboxylation of phenylsulfinylacetic acid (PSAA) by Cr(VI) in 20% acetonitrile -80% water (v/v) medium follows overall second order kinetics, first order each with respect to [PSAA] and [Cr(VI)] at constant [$H^+$] and ionic strength. The reaction is acid catalysed, the order with respect to [$H^+$] is unity and the active oxidizing species is found to be $HCrO_3^+$. The reaction mechanism involves the rate determining nucleophilic attack of sulfur atom of PSAA on chromium of $HCrO_3^+$ forming a sulfonium ion intermediate. The intermediate then undergoes ${\alpha}$,${\beta}$-cleavage leading to the liberation of $CO_2$. The product of the reaction is found to be methyl phenyl sulfone. The operation of substituent effect shows that PSAA containing electron-releasing groups in the meta- and para-positions accelerate the reaction rate while electron withdrawing groups retard the rate. An excellent correlation is found to exist between log $k_2$ and Hammett ${\sigma}$ constants with a negative value of reaction constant. The ${\rho}$ value decreases with increase in temperature evidencing the high reactivity and low selectivity in the case of substituted PSAAs.

Simultaneous Determination of Baicalin and Glycyrrhizin in Eul-Ja-Tang by HPLC/DAD

  • Lee, Mi-Kyeong;Lee, Ki-Yong;Kim, Seung-Hyun;Park, Jung-Hyun;Cho, Jung-Hee;Oh, Mi-Hyun;Baek, Ju-Hyun;Kim, Hyo-JIn;Kim, Young-Choong;Sung, Sang-Hyun
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.147-151
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    • 2008
  • A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of marker constituents, baicalin and glycyrrhizin was established for the quality control of traditional herbal medicinal preparation, Eul-Ja-Tang (EJT). Separation and quantification were successfully achieved with a Waters XTerra RP18 column ($5{\mu}m$, 4.6 mm I.D. ${\times}$ 150 mm) by gradient elution of a mixture of acetonitrile and water containing 0.03% phosphoric acid (pH 2.03) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The diode-array UV/VIS detector (DAD) was used for the detection and the wavelength for quantification was set at 250 nm. The presence of baicalin and glycyrrhizin in this decoction was ascertained by retention time, spiking with each authentic standard and UV spectrum. Both baicalin and glycyrrhizin showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999) in a relatively wide concentration ranges. The R.S.D. for intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 5% and the limits of detection (LOD) were about 30 ng. The mean recovery of each compound was 99.5 - 101.2% with R.S.D. values less than 4.0%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of contents of baicalin and glycyrrhizin in three commercial products of EJT, which resulted in the difference in the contents of these compounds. These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is simple, effective and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for commercial EJT products.

LC-MS/MS를 이용한 비글견 혈장 중 파록세틴의 고감도 분석 (Sensitive determination of paroxetine in canine plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS))

  • 장규영;강승우;한상범;염정록;이경률;이희주
    • 분석과학
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.138-146
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 비글견 혈장 중의 파록세틴을 액체상추출법(LLE)으로 전처리하고 액체크로마토그래피-탠덤질량분석기(LC-MS/MS)로 신속하게 분석하는 방법을 개발하였다. 파록세틴과 내부표준물질로 사용한 플루오세틴을 TBME(tert-butyl methyl ether)로 추출하고 상층액을 취하여 건조시킨 후, 이동상 $100{\mu}L$로 재분산하여 LC-MS/MS에 주입하였다. HPLC 분석조건으로 Capcell Pak UG120($2.0{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$) 컬럼을 사용하였으며, 이동상은 50% 아세토니트릴(pH 3, formic acid로 조정) 용액을 사용하였고, 유량은 0.2 mL/min으로 하였다. MS/MS의 SRM(selective reaction monitoring) 방법으로 파록세틴과 플루오세틴의 선구 이온, 생성 이온을 각각 m/z $330{\rightarrow}192$, m/z $310{\rightarrow}148$로 분석한 결과 0.02~5 ng/mL의 농도범위에서 상관계수($R^2$) 0.9993으로 좋은 직선성을 나타내었다. 또한 정량한계는 0.02 ng/mL이며, 정밀성은 일내 및 일간 변동계수가 7.67% 이하이고, 정확도는 92.96~102.99%로 비글견 혈장 중의 파록세틴의 약물동력학 연구에 이용될 수 있는 충분한 감도와 특이성, 직선성, 정밀성 및 정확성을 갖고 있음을 확인하였다.

한개의 산소다리를 가진 몰리브덴(V) 착물의 산소고리화 반응 (II). 2성분 혼합용매에서 용매물과 $[Mo_2O_3(Phen)_2(NCS)_4]$의 반응 (Oxygen Ring Formation Reaction of Mono-Oxo-Bridged Binuclear Molybdenum(V) Complex (II). Reaction of $[Mo_2O_3(Phen)_2(NCS)_4]$ with Solvent Water in Water + Co-Solvent Mixtures)

  • 오상오;석휘영
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.203-210
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    • 1988
  • 물-아세톤, 물-아세토니트릴 및 물-디메틸포름아미드의 2성분 혼합용매중에서 한개의 산소다리로 된 이핵몰리브텐(V)착물, $[Mo_2O_3(Phen)_2(NCS)_4]$은 두개의 산소다리로 된 이핵 몰리브텐(V)착물, $[Mo_2O_4(Phen)_2(NCS)_2]$을 생성한다. $[Mo_2O_3(Phen)_2(NCS)_4]$$[Mo_2O_4(Phen)_2(NCS)_2]$로 바뀌는 속도는 분광광도법으로 측정하였다. 이 때 온도는 $10^{\circ}C$에서 $40^{\circ}C$, 압력은 1bar에서 1500bar로 변화시켰다. 속도상수는 물의 농도 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 수소이온농도의 증가에 따라서는 감소하였다. 여러가지 공용매에서 산소고리화 반응속도는 유전상수$({\varepsilon}/{\varepsilon}_0)$의 증가와 같이 ACT < AN < DMF의 순으로 증가하였다. 관찰된 음의 활성화엔트로피($[\Delta}S^{\neq}$), 활성화부피($[\Delta}V^{\neq}$) 및 활성화 압축율(${\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}$) 값은 착물이 전이상태에서 용매 물분자를 강하게 당기는 회합성메카니즘임을 알게 한다.

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Kinetics and Mechanism of the Aminolysis of Benzenesulfonyl, Benzoyl and Benzyl Halides

  • Byung Choon Lee;Dong Sook Sohn;Ji Hyun Yoon;Sun Mo Yang;Ikchoon Lee
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.621-625
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    • 1993
  • Kinetic studies are conducted for the reactions of Y-benzoyl, Y-benzenesulfonyl and Y-benzyl halides with X-anilines in acetonitrile, and the transition state (TS) structures and their variations with substituents X and Y are discussed. The magnitude of the cross-interaction constants, $\rho$xy, is the largest and the inverse secondary kinetic isotope effect (SKIE), $k_H/k_D$ < 1.0, with deuterated aniline nucleophiles is the smallest for benzoyl fluoride reflecting the tightest TS for this compound. The SKIEs for sulfonyl halides are relatively large due to a relatively large, diffuse nature of the reaction center, S, causing weaker steric hindrance to the vibrations of the two N-H(D) bonds. For benzoyl and sulfonyl halides, the trends in $k_H/k_D$ and $Ir_XI$ variations with $\sigma$Y contradict each other, which is rationalized by the negative charge accumulation on the reaction center, CO and SO$_2$, causing inefficient transfer for the substrate with an electron donating substituent.

남조류로부터 마이크로시스틴을 추출하는 새로운 추출법 연구 (Study on New Extraction Method of Microcystins from Cyanobacteria)

  • 표동진;신현두
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 2001
  • 남조류독소, 마이크로시스틴을 초임계유체추출을 이용하여 추출하는 새로운 분석법이 개발되었다. 이 연구에서 사용된 마이크로시스틴들은 초임계 유체 CO$_2$에는 거의 녹지 않지만 90% CO$_2$, 9.0% 메탄올, 1.0% 물로 된 혼합유체를 사용한 결과 성공적으로 추출할 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 사용된 초임계 유체 추출법은 고체상추출법보다 많은 장점들을 가지고 있다. 우선 시료처리단계가 줄어들고, 시료의 손실이 적으며, 분석시간을 단축시킬 수 있다는 장점들이 있다. 또한 전처리 단계가 생략된다는 장점도 있다. ODS 카트리지를 사용하는 고체상 추출법에서 ODS 카트리지가 마이크로시스턴에 대한 흡착력이 떨어지기 때문에 좀 더 극성이 있는 CN 카트리지에 주입시켰다. CN 카트리지는 물 5mL, 0.5 M 아세트산 5mL, 5% 아세트니트릴 5mL로 빗은 후 70% 아세트니릴로 최종용리시킨 후 HPLC로 분리하였다. CN 카트리지를 사용하였을 때 ODS 카트리지보다 더 좋은 회수율과 크로마토그램을 보여주었다.

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