• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.367-369
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• 2009

Optically anisotropic rotating balls were disposed in a monolayer, and controllably closely packed with respect to one another in the monolayer. The close packed monolayer configuration provided high brightness and improved contrast. The monolayer rotating ball display (MRB) electrically demonstrated a fast response time of approximately 40 msec at a voltage of 30 V. Measurements of the rotation as a function of voltage led to surface charge density for the balls in the range of 3-4 ${\mu}C/m^2$.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2012

Greenhouse industry has been growing in many countries due to both the advantage of stable year-round crop production and increased demand for fresh vegetables. In greenhouse cultivation, $CO_2$ concentration plays an essential role in the photosynthesis process of crops. Continuous and accurate monitoring of $CO_2$ level in the greenhouse would improve profitability and reduce environmental impact, through optimum control of greenhouse $CO_2$ enrichment and efficient crop production, as compared with the conventional management practices without monitoring and control of $CO_2$ level. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to estimate the $CO_2$ emission from soil as affected by environmental factors in greenhouses. Among various model types evaluated, a linear regression model provided the best coefficient of determination. Selected predictor variables were solar radiation and relative humidity and exponential transformation of both. As a response variable in the model, the difference between $CO_2$ concentrations at the soil surface and 5-cm depth showed are latively strong relationship with the predictor variables. Segmented regression analysis showed that better models were obtained when the entire daily dataset was divided into segments of shorter time ranges, and best models were obtained for segmented data where more variability in solar radiation and humidity were present (i.e., after sun-rise, before sun-set) than other segments. To consider time delay in the response of $CO_2$ concentration, concept of time lag was implemented in the regression analysis. As a result, there was an improvement in the performance of the models as the coefficients of determination were 0.93 and 0.87 with segmented time frames for sun-rise and sun-set periods, respectively. Validation tests of the models to predict $CO_2$ emission from soil showed that the developed empirical model would be applicable to real-time monitoring and diagnosis of significant factors for $CO_2$ enrichment in a soil-based greenhouse.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2014

본 연구는 혐기성소화조에서 발생된 바이오가스로부터 바이오메탄을 생산하기 위한 고질화 공정의 운전조건을 최적화하기 위하여 반응표면 분석모델을 적용하였다. 반응표면 분석법의 하나인 Box-Behnken 설계법을 이용하였으며 바이오가스 고질화 공정의 메탄농도와 메탄회수율을 극대화하기 위한 수학적인 최적운전조건을 도출하였다. 도출된 반응표면모델의 적합성을 검증한 결과 각 모델의 p Value가 0.05 이하로서 유의성이 매우 높게 나타났으며, 결정계수($R^2$)는 각각 0.9788, 0.9710 이었다. 그리고 이산화탄소/메탄분리공정에서 메탄농도에 대해 운전압력이 가장 크게 영향을 미치고 다음으로 바이오메탄 생산량, PSA 회전밸브 속도의 순이다. 메탄회수율에 대해서는 PSA 회전밸브 속도가 가장 크게 영향을 미치고 있으며, 바이오메탄 생산량, 운전압력의 순으로 나타났다. 액체바이오 메탄 생산량이 $100Nm^3/hr$일 때의 최적 운전조건을 도출한 결과, 운전압력이 8.0bar 그리고 PSA 회전 밸브 속도가 31.55RPM일 때 바이오메탄의 메탄농도와 메탄회수율을 최대화할 수 있었고, 이때의 바이오메탄의 메탄농도는 97.13%이고, 메탄회수율은 75.89%이었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2013

An application of the EQS (Eradi Quake System) bearings to a short period building structure and the structure earthquake responses according to the design parameters of the EQS are studied by the ICT Center case study. The features of the EQS application to seismic isolated building structures are investigated, and the design procedure to determine the yield load and the secondary stiffness of the EQS is also studied. A computational analysis is performed to confirm the applicability of the EQS to the building structure and the earthquake responses according to the design parameters. The ICT Center in Indonesia is adopted as an application case of the EQS. The application of the EQS is found to extend the fundamental period of the ICT Center. Three types of EQS with different yield loads and secondary stiffness are designed and applied in the earthquake response analyses. The analysis results show the response of the structure with respect to the design parameters and which type of EQS is suitable for the ICT Center.

• Architectural research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Risk assessment during pre-construction phase is important due to the uncertainty of the risks that may exist in projects. Risk checklist is a method to systematically classify and organize the risks that have been experienced in the past, and to identify the risk factors that may be present in the future projects. In addition, risk value assessment based on checklists plays a key role in risk management, and various risk assessment researches have been conducted to carry out this systematically. However, previous approaches have limitations in common, this is because risk values are evaluated individually in risk checklists, which ignore interdependencies among risk factors and neglect the emergence of co-occurrence of risks. Hence, when multiple risk factors cooccur, they cannot be far off from the conventional method of summing the total risk value to establish the risk response strategy. Most of risk factors are interdependent and may have multiple effects if occurred than expected. In particular, specific cause can be overlapped if multiple risks co-occur, and this may result in overestimation of the risk response for the future project. Thus, the objective of this research is to propose a model to help decision makers to quantify the risk value reflecting the interdependency during the identification phase using existing risk checklist that is currently being practiced in actual construction projects. The proposed model will provide the guideline to support the prediction and identification of the interdependency of risks in practice. In addition, the better understanding and prediction of the exceeding risk response by co-occurring risks during the risk identification phase for decision makers.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2014

The ozone depletion has caused plants to be exposed to an increased penetration of solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Enhanced UV-B radiation may have influence on biological functions of plant in many aspects including inhibition of photosynthesis. It is evident that UV-B can potentially impair the performance of all three main component processes of photosynthesis, the photophosphorylation reactions of the thylakoid membrane, the $CO_2$-fixation reactions of the Calvin cycle and stomatal control of $CO_2$ supply. Owing to these depressed reactions, the production and allocation of carbohydrates might be markedly affected, and therefore, the growth and development of plant are distinctly reduced. In this review paper, we provide basic theory and further researches in terms of photosynthesis and carbohydrate synthesis in response to elevated UV-B radiation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.398-405
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• 2003

A fast response analyzer for measuring carbon dioxide concentration has been developed for transient characteristic and researches tested on internal combustion engine. The analyzer uses the well known NDIR(Non-Dispersive Infrared) method with miniaturized detection system, giving a time constant of approximately 30 microsecond, and sampling module consists of capillary tube. Since the transit time and the time constant of the sampling system depend on the sampling conditions, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of sampling system before applied to exhaust gas measurement in engine. A unique method was designed to study the influence of the diameter of transfer sample line and operating conditions of the FRNDIR on transit time and time constant. A database of transit time and time constant was built up for different measured and simulated pressure conditions. The database can be used for correcting eventual $CO_2$ concentration measurement.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2021

환경 조건의 변화는 식물의 물과 양분 흡수 및 광합성 정도를 변화시켜 결과적으로 식물 생육에 영향을 미친다. 변화하는 환경 조건에서 식물의 생리적 반응은 식물 줄기에 전극을 삽입해 식물유도 전기신호(PIES)로 비파괴적으로 모니터링할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 CO₂ 증가와 광합성 광량자속밀도 PPFD 감소에 따른 식물의 반응으로 PIES를 모니터링하는 것이다. PIES는 증산과 광합성이 일어나는 낮에 증가하였고 식물 생육 기간 동안 모니터링한 CO₂ 농도는 PIES와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. CO₂ 농도 증가는 PIES를 약간 감소시켰으나 PIES에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며 이는 CO₂ 증가의 효과가 낮은 PPFD에 의해 제한되었기 때문으로 판단된다. PPFD 감소의 효과는 물과 양분 흡수가 광에 의해 즉각적으로 영향을 받지 않았기 때문에 즉시 나타나지는 않았다. 본 연구는 CO₂ 증가와 PPFD 감소에 의한 식물의 단기적 반응을 평가하고자 한 것이며 프롤린 함량 및 엽록소 형광은 환경 변화에 따라 유의하게 변화하지는 않았다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 1996

은을 함유한 폐기물로부터 은을 회수하는 일반적인 공정은 은을 질산으로 용해시킨 후 은이온만을 AgCl로 선택적으로 분리, 적당한 환원제를 사용하여 은을 얻는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 $Na_2$$CO_3$양이 AgCl의 Ag로의 환원율에 미치는 영향에 대하여 통계학적인 기법(다항다중회귀분석 및 반응표면분석)을 사용하여 검토하였으며 반응시간 1시간, 반응온도 $620^{\circ}C$ 그리고 $Na_2$$CO_3$/AgCl의 당량비가 2.0일 때 96% 이상의 환원율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.526-530
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• 1994

본 연구는 자연조건에서 생육된 벼를 수정 후 13일에서 15일에 일정한 환경조건으로 옮긴 다음 공기유입속도의 변화(200-280-360-440 ml/min.)에 따른 벼의 광합성 반응을 알아보기 위하여 진행되었다. 공기유입속도의 변화에 따른 경시적인 광합성반응에서, 기공전도율은 처리 후 초기에 급속히 감소한 다음 일정시간동안 동요되다가 약 1시간에서 1시간30분후에 평형상태에 도달되었다. 이와 유사한 변화는 탄소동화율에서도 찾아 볼 수 있었다. 기공전도율은 공기유입속도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였는데, 그 감소율은 탄소동화율에서 나타나는 감소율과 일치되는 경향이었다. 공기의 흐름을 분당 440 ml로 하여 전분이 축적되는 기간동안 처리하였을 경우, 전분덩어리들 간의 결합구조가 느슨하며 전분덩어리를 횡단하였을 경우에는 미세한 구멍이 발생됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상에서 알 수 있는 것은 공기유입속도의 증가에 따른 기공전도율과 탄소동화율은 상호간 관계가 밀접함을 알 수 있으며 공기유입속토의 증가는 광합성과정에서 $CO_2$흡수 및 광합성의 최종산물인 전분구조에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.